wars (1790s/early 1800s), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
See also specific individuals
Franklin, Benjamin, [>], [>], [>]
Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor
France/war and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
reign, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Frederick William II, King of Prussia, [>], [>], [>]
Freemasons
banning, [>]
Beethoven and, [>], [>], [>]
as elite, [>]
Enlightenment ideals and, [>], [>], [>]
members/membership, [>], [>]
Schiller’s “Ode to Joy,” [>]
society description/agenda, [>]–[>]
Freymüthige (journal), [>], [>], [>]
Friedrich Wilhelm II/III, kings of Prussia, [>], [>], [>]
Fries, Count, [>], [>]
fugue
overview, [>]–[>]
sections/components, [>]–[>]
types, [>]–[>]
funeral of Beethoven. See death of Beethoven
Für Elise (Beethoven), [>], [>]
Fux, Johann Joseph, [>]–[>], [>]
Galeazzi, Francesco, [>]–[>]
Galitzin, Nicolai, Prince, [>], [>], [>]
Galitzin Quartets (Beethoven)
B-flat Major/alternative finale for, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
description, [>]–[>], [>]
Grosse Fuge, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
payment and, [>]–[>]
Gelinek, Joseph, Abbé, [>]–[>]
Gellert, Christian Fürchetegott, [>], [>], [>]
General Musical Magazine. See Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (AMZ/General Musical Magazine)
genius
definitions/descriptions, [>]–[>], [>]
use of term, [>]
Genzinger, Marianne von, [>]
Germany
“benevolent despots” and, [>], [>]
government and, [>]–[>], [>]
social songs, [>]
Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Gewandhaus (Leipzig) concerts, [>], [>]
Ghost Trio (Beethoven), [>], [>], [>], [>]. See also Piano Trios, op. [>] (Beethoven)
Giannatasio, Cajetan/family, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Giannatasio, Fanny
Beethoven and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
illness, [>]
Gleichenstein, Ignaz von, Baron, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Gluck, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Beethoven and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Freemasons and, [>]
influence/significance, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
meeting Beethoven, [>]–[>]
wife’s conflict with Bettina, [>]–[>]
work/views of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
See also Egmont music (Beethoven)
“Good, the True, and the Beautiful, the,” [>], [>], [>], [>]
Gossec, F. J., [>], [>], [>]
Graf, Conrad/piano, [>], [>], [>]
Griesinger, George August, [>], [>], [>]
Grillparzer, Franz, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Grosse Fuge (Beethoven), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Grossmann, Gustav F. W.
background, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Illuminati, [>]
leaving Bonn, [>]
Neefe and, [>], [>], [>], [>]
recommendations for teachers, [>], [>], [>]
Grossmann-Hellmuth Company, [>]
Guarneri instruments, [>], [>]
Guicciardi, Julie, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Guicciardi, Susanna, Countess, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Hammerklavier Sonata (Beethoven)
Beethoven’s deafness and, [>]
publications and, [>]
writing/description, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Handel
death, [>]
music/significance, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Hansmann, Father, [>]–[>]
Harp Quartet (Beethoven), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
harpsichord vs. clavichord, [>]
Härtel, Gottfried, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
See also Breitkopf & Härtel
Haslinger, Tobias/publisher, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Hauschka, Vincenz, [>]–[>], [>]
Haydn, Joseph
Beethoven and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Beethoven on studying with, [>], [>]
Beethoven studying with/relationship, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Beethoven’s C Minor Trio and, [>]–[>], [>]
Bonn visits, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
correspondence with Max Franz, [>]–[>]
Creation, The, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
decline, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
description/as teacher, [>]–[>]
England trip (1794–1795), [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Freemasons and, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Marx on, [>], [>]
mistresses/Genzinger and, [>]
Mozart and, [>], [>], [>], [>]
musical form and, [>], [>], [>]
Seasons, The, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
status, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
works/views of, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
See also specific works
hearing loss. See Beethoven, Ludwig van, and health/hearing problems
Heiligenstadt Testament/letter
background/text, [>]–[>]
fate of, [>]
Heine, Heinrich, [>], [>]
Hiller, Ferdinand, [>], [>]
Hiller, J. A., [>], [>]
Himmel, Friedrich Heinrich, [>], [>]
Hoffmann, E. T. A.
background/views, [>], [>], [>]
Beethoven/reviews and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
writings, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Hoffmeister, Franz Anton, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Holy Roman Empire
Archbishop Electors and, [>], [>], [>]
“Austria” (1700s), [>]
description (1700s), [>]–[>], [>]
emperor selection, [>], [>]–[>]
emperor’s residence, [>]
end of, [>]–[>]
“Germany” (1700s), [>]
government/rule and, [>]–[>]
Habsburgs and, [>]
Rhine and, [>]
Holz, Karl
alcohol/Beethoven and, [>], [>], [>]
background/music, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Beethoven and, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
on Mozart/Beethoven music, [>]
horse of Beethoven, [>]
Hugo, Victor, [>]
Hume, David, [>]
Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Illuminati
Beethoven and, [>], [>], [>], [>]
beginnings, [>], [>]
Bonn
lodge, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
collapse/banning, [>]
description, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Freemasons and, [>], [>]
“Immortal Beloved,” [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
industrial revolution beginnings, [>]
Intelligenzblatt (newspaper), [>], [>], [>]
Jan Sobieski, King of Poland, [>]
Jefferson, Thomas, [>], [>]
Jesuits
education and, [>]
pope’s dissolution of (1773), [>]
revival after dissolution, [>]
John Broadwood & Sons gift to Beethoven, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
death, [>]
decrees/reign, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
description, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Enlightenment, [>], [>], [>]
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (cont.)
Freemasons and, [>]
memorial/cantata and, [>]–[>]
relatives, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Josephstadt Theatre opening (1822), [>]–[>]
Junker, Karl Ludwig, [>], [>]
Kanne, Friedrich August, [>], [>]–[>]
Kant, Immanuel
influence/significance, [>], [>], [>]
as professor, [>]–[>], [>]
University of Bonn and, [>]
works/views of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Kapellmeister offer to Beethoven (in Cassel), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Keglevics, Babette, [>]–[>]
Keverich, Maria Magdalene, [>], [>]–[>]. See also Beethoven, Maria van (Keverich)
keys
emotional resonance and, [>], [>]–[>]
temperament and, [>]–[>]
tuning and, [>]–[>], [>]
Kielmansegge, Countess von, commission offer, [>]–[>]
King Stephan music (Beethoven), [>], [>]
Kinsky, Caroline, Princess, [>]
Kinsky, Ferdinand, Prince, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Klein, Franz, [>]–[>], [>]
Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian, [>]
Klöber, August von, [>]–[>]
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Knight’s Ballet (Beethoven), [>]–[>]
Koch family/Zehrgarten, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Koch, Willibald, Friar, [>]
Körner, Christian Gottfried, [>], [>]
Kotzebue, August, [>], [>], [>]
Kraft, Nikolaus, [>], [>], [>]
Kreutzer, Rodolphe, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Kreutzer Sonata (Beethoven), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Krumpholz, Wenzel, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Kügelgen brothers, painters, [>], [>]
Kuhlau, Friedrich, [>]–[>]
lead poisoning possibilities, [>], [>], [>]
Lebewohl, Das/“The Farewell” (Beethoven), [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Leipzig and Enlightenment, [>]–[>]
Leonore (Beethoven). See Fidelio (Beethoven)
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Les adieux. See Lebewohl, Das/“Farewell, The” (Beethoven)
Lesegesellschafts/reading societies, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Lessing, Gottfried Ephraim, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Leym, Johann Georg, [>]–[>]
Leym, Maria Magdalene, [>], [>], [>]. See also Beethoven, Maria van (Keverich)
Lichnowsky, Karl, Prince
background/description, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Beethoven and, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
illness/death, [>], [>], [>]
practical joke/consequences, [>]–[>]
quarrel with Beethoven/consequences, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
string instruments gift to Beethoven, [>]
trip with Beethoven, [>]
Lichnowsky, Maria Christine, Princess
background, [>]–[>]
Beethoven and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Lichnowsky, Moritz
background, [>]
Beethoven and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
life mask/bust of Beethoven (Klein), [>]–[>], [>]
Lind, Jenny, [>]
Linke, Joseph, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Liszt, Franz, [>], [>]
“living machines” craze, [>]–[>]
See also Maelzel, Johann Nepomuk
Lobkowitz, Prince
background/description, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Beethoven and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Concerts for Enthusiasts and, [>]–[>]
financial problems of, [>], [>]
Lobkowitz quartets (Beethoven), [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Lorenz, Canon, [>]
Louis XVI, King of France, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Louis XVIII, King of France, [>], [>]
Luchesi, Andrea, Kapellmeister, [>], [>], [>], [>]
“Ludwig” spelling variations, [>]
Maelzel, Johann Nepomuk, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
stealing Beethoven’s music/unauthorized performances, [>]–[>]
Magazin der Musik, [>], [>]
Mähler, Willibrord Joseph, [>]–[>]
Malfatti, Johann, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Malfatti, Therese/family and Beethoven, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Maria Theresa, Empress, [>], [>], [>]
Marie Antoinette, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Marseillaise, La, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Marx, Adolph Bernard
Beethoven’s response to, [>]
elevating Beethoven and music, [>]–[>]
“sonata form” and, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Masons. See Freemasons
Mass in C (Beethoven/Esterházy commissioned), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Mastiaux, J. G. von, [>]
Matthisson, Friedrich von, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Maximilian Franz
austerity and, [>]
Beethoven and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Bonn spa, [>]–[>]
as coadjutor of the Electorate of Bonn, [>]–[>]
death, [>]
description, [>]–[>]
as Elector of Bonn, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Enlightenment and, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
family of, [>], [>], [>]
Joseph II and, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Kapelle/music and, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Mozart and, [>]–[>]
war/departures from Bonn and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Maximilian Friedrich, Archbishop Elector of Cologne
Belderbusch and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
death, [>]
description/character, [>]
Electoral Sonatas (Beethoven) and, [>], [>]
government style/Enlightenment, [>]–[>], [>]
mistress of, [>]
music and, [>]
Neefe and, [>]
rebuilding residence following fire (1777), [>]
successor, [>]–[>]
Méhul, E. N., [>], [>], [>]
Meinertzhagen family, [>]
Mendelssohn, Felix, [>], [>], [>]
Mergentheim trip, [>]–[>]
Messiah (Handel), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
metronome (Maelzel), [>], [>], [>]
Metternich, Clemens von
background, [>]
Napoleon and, [>], [>], [>], [>]
regime of, [>], [>], [>],
[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Metternich family, [>]–[>]
Meyer, Friedrich, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Meyerbeer, Giacomo, [>], [>]
Milder, Anna, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Minorite order, [>]–[>]
minuet-scherzo, [>]
Missa solemnis (Beethoven)
Agnus Dei, [>]–[>]
background/Beethoven’s views of, [>]–[>]
begging Beethoven for Vienna premiere, [>]–[>]
Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph Page 129
