Phoenix program: (budget meeting) Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 135; (Phoenix) ibid., p. 80; Prados, President’s Secret Wars, op. cit., p. 309; Sheehan, op. cit., p. 732.
Sihanouk assassination plan: Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 178–.
“Highest level”: e.g., Summers, The File on the Tsar, New York: Harper & Row, 1976, p. 92, citing U.S. Ambassador Nelson Page reference to Italian royal family.
Nixon efforts against Allende: (Kendall) Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., pp. 260, 273, the Kendall associate was Augustin Edwards, Chilean newspaper owner and focal point of opposition to Allende; (Kendall/Council) Louis and Yazijian, op. cit., p. 172; (Helms to act) U.S. Senate, Assassination Plots, op. cit., p. 227–; (“talking into a gale”) int. Richard Helms in ed. Weber, op. cit., p. 275; (“furious”) William Colby and Peter Forbath, Honorable Men, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978, p. 303; (“aberrational”) Cord Meyer, Facing Reality, Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1980, p. 184; (What did RN order?) see analysis at Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 274; (Colby “blackmailing”) Scowcroft Memcon of Kissinger/Ford conversation, Mar. 5, 1975, NSC doc. 1781000410307, released in 1997 under JFK Assass. Records Collection Act; (RN “wanted something done”) U.S. Senate, Assass. Plots, op. cit., p. 227–; (RN distanced himself) Sen. Cttee. to Study Gov. Ops., Final Report, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence, Bk. IV, p. 162; (“blurred account”) MEM, p. 489.
Allende death: (coup) NYT, WP, Sept. 12, 13, 15, 1973; (advance warning) NYT, Sept.13, 1973; (’99 release on U.S. reaction) USA Today, June 30, July 1, 1999 and see Asst. Sec. of State Jack Kubisch to Kissinger Nov. 16, 1973, in 1998 release to National Security Archive; (“severe repression”) USA Today, June 30, 1999; (RN on death) MEM, p. 490; (suicide?) NYT, Sep. 13, 20, WP, Sep. 22, 1973; (Sra. Allende re: “murdered”) NYT, Sep. 20, 1973 but see study in Nathaniel Davis, The Last Years of Salvador Allende, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985, Chap. 11; (U.S. involvement in coup) ibid., p. 350, and Prados, Secret Wars, op. cit., p. 320; (Ryan) Davis, op. cit., p. 352; (Ryan report) Ryan to Dept. of Defense, U.S. Milgroup, Situation Report 2, Oct. 1, 1973, released to National Archives, 1998.
Morales: (background) Fonzi (former staff investigator, Hse. Cttee. on Assass.), op. cit., refs.; Noel Twyman, Bloody Treason, Rancho Santa Fe, CA: Laurel, 1997, refs; (“hit man”) Fonzi, op. cit., p. 380; (Morales confided) ints. Robert Dorff and Dorff letter to author, Oct. 27, 1997—Dorff had interviewed Morales’s lifelong friend Ruben Carbajal.
Phillips: (and Morales) Fonzi, p. 382; (and anti-Allende project) Phillips, op. cit., pp. 219–, 246–; (Head Western Hemisphere) ibid., p. 234–; (testimony doubted) Summers, Not in Your Lifetime, op. cit., p. 280; Fonzi, op. cit., pp. 336, 410; int. Gaeton Fonzi; (disinformation) Summers, Not in Your Lifetime, op. cit., pp. 371, 374, 381, 385; (Track II closed down) Phillips, op. cit., p. 223; (letter to Sra. Allende) excerpts from transcripts of 1981 int. sent to author by Mike Ewing, 1997; (RN “never cause to consider”) page 190.
“Won’t be the first P to lose”:HD, p. 90.
Vietnam effort: (frustrated) MEM, p. 393, Kissinger, White House Years, op. cit., p. 277; (deliberate leak) MEM, p. 400; (“bad guys”) HD, pp. 105, 110.
RN and protest: (Oct./Nov.’69 demonstrations) MEM, p. 398; HD, p. 98; (“Don’t get rattled”) MEM, p. 403; (“aloof”) ibid., p. 401; (major address) ibid., p. 404–; (“The line we took”) int. William Watts; (“talk softly”) MEM, p. 410; (speech) ibid., p. 409; (switchboard swamped) MEM, p. 410, HD, p. 104; (telegrams) MEM, p. 410; Kissinger, White House Years, op. cit., p. 307; (Butterfield) int. Alexander Butterfield; WP, Jan. 23, 1999 reporting Butterfield testimony in Nixon estate dispute; (Phillip) HD, p. 105; (“you heard a lot”) Ehrlichman TV int. cited in ed. Howard K. Smith, Every Four Years, Kent, OH: PTV Publications, 1980, p. 59; (“liberal bastards”) Magruder, op. cit., p. 53; (new demonstration—Nov. 13, ’69) HD, p. 107–; (soldiers concealed) Gulley, op. cit., p. 198; Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 130fn; (Mitchell) Breslin, op. cit., p. 6–; (“like St. Petersburg”) int. William Watts; (RN ordered analysis) Andrew, op. cit., p. 354; (RN & candles) HD, p. 107–; (“Of all choices”) Kissinger, White House Years, op. cit., p. 227; (V’nam casualties) Tucker, op. cit., p. 1193.
Music box: Medved, op. cit., p. 317 and see HD, p. 21.
Chapter 26
“You talk . . . police state”: Wise, Police State, op. cit., p. 31.
Kraft: (Kraft bugging) Wise, Police State, op. cit., p. 3—most complete account; (Allende) ibid., p. 23 John Caulfield testimony, E, Bk. 21, p. 9699–; (investigated member Dem. Cttee.) Wise, Police State, op. cit., p. 13; int. A. J. Woolston-Smith; (advance knowledge of burglars’ activity) int. A. J. Woolston-Smith; (bogus card) John Caulfield testimony, E, Bk. 21, p. 9692–, but see notes of int. John Davies, Aug. 3, 1973, Box B342, E, NA.
Caulfield: (background) NM, p. 13; (at RN’s request) WP, May 19, 1973, citing bio. Caulfield used as job application; (hired) NM, p. 13; Caulfield testimony, E, Bk.21, p. 9687–; (“top man”) Wise, Police State, op. cit., p. 14.
“no climate of fear”: Theodore White notes of RN int., Jan. 23, 1969, Box 40, Theodore White Papers, JFKL, TW68, p. 504.
Tapping of journalists: (episode chronicled) Wise, Police State, op. cit., p. 31–; Szulc, op. cit., p. 181–; R, Report, p. 146, “Nixon on National Security Wiretaps,” Historic Documents of 1976, Congressional Quarterly, 1977, p. 159; (“We were in Key Biscayne”) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 101; (“enraged”) Newsweek, May 28, 1973; (RN on Kraft) MEM, p. 389; (“never helped us”) RN to Dean, Feb. 28, 1973, WHT and see re: “helped” Wise, Police State, op. cit., p. 73; (RN & Kissinger try to dodge) Szulc, op. cit., p. 182; Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 96; (“Henry ordered”) RN to Ronald Ziegler, May 14, 1973, on WHT, AOP, p. 491; (“approved by President”) int. Alexander Haig by David Wise, transcript provided to author, and author’s int. Alexander Haig; (“highest authority”) int. William Sullivan by Robert Fink, provided to author; (“only to President”) memo May 12, 1973, FBI 67-205182; (“cloak-and-dagger”) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 103; (RN “100%”) ibid., p. 101; (“I was paranoiac”) transcript of RN int. on 60 Minutes, Vol. XVI, 30, Apr. 8, 1984, p. 6—the int. was conducted by Frank Gannon, a Nixon staffer after the presidency; (warning) Summers, Official & Confidential, op. cit., p. 398–; NYT, July 21, 1973; John Dean testimony, E, Bk. 3, p. 920–; Robert Mardian testimony, E, Bk. 6, p. 2393; (“Will he rat”) WHT, RN to Ehrlichman, Oct. 25, 1971, WHT; (Ehrlichman/Sullivan job) Edward Epstein, Agency of Fear, London: Verso, 1990, p. 219; (impeachment) R, Report, p. 3; (agents lurked/photos) WP, Sep. 30, 1974; Miller, Fishbait, op. cit., pp. 3, 290; (Finch suspected) int. Robert Finch by FB, FBP; (Albertazzie) ter Horst and Albertazzie, op. cit., p. 270.
events of summer 1970: (general) summarized at Manchester, Glory & Dream, op. cit., p. 1211; (“bums”) NYT, May 2, 1970; AMII, p. 350–; (“When dissent . . .”) Barber, op. cit., p. 437; (knockdown story) J. Edgar Hoover to Clyde Tolson et al., July 24, 1970, Tolson staff file, Vol. 8, FBI 67-9524; (promote re. sniper) Newsday, May 4, 1995; (“What are we going to do?”) Shawcross, op. cit., p. 154.
Plan to combat threat: (summary and detail) U.S. Sen. Cttee to Study Gov. Ops with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Bk. III, p. 934—the RN aide was Tom Huston; (“Gestapo”) WP, June 1, 1973; (“With presidential authority”) Sen. Cttee. on Gov. Ops., supra., p. 955; (RN/Frost exchange) Frost, op. cit., p. 183–; (Mitchell) John Mitchell int. by Stanley Kutler, transcript supplied to author.
taping system: (Butterfield) int. Alexander Butterfield, Journal of American History, Vol. 75, Mar. 1989, p. 1252; (“How does it work”) WHT, Feb. 16, 1971, reported by AP, Oct. 5, 1999; (‘62 request) int. specialist cited supra., p. 227; (removal of LBJ equipment) int. Donald Kendall, int. Robert Finch in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 266; Newsweek, May 2, 1994; (preoccupied with record) Prologue, Vol. 20, summer, 1988, p.
80–; (Blake on Disraeli) ints. Elliot Richardson, in eds. Miller Center, p. 68, and with Stanley Kutler, transcript provided to author; (“You assume”) Alexander Butterfield testimony, July 2, 1974, R, Hearings, Bk. I, p. 31–, and int. Butterfield cited in New York, Apr. 21, 1975; (“He seemed to me”) ibid., citing Butterfield E testimony; (note takers) Prologue, Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 81–; (Walters) ibid., p. 82; Walters, op. cit., p. 575; (LBJ changes mind) AP, July 2,1975, JA, p. 496; (Kissinger steal thunder) Ehrlichman, op. cit., p. 283; int. John Ehrlichman in eds. Strober, Nixon, op. cit., p. 124 and in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 141; (“Great consternation”) HD, p. 57; (location of devices) “A History of the White House Tapes,” prepared by NP, Mar. 1995, NA, William Doyle, op. cit., p. 168, and see plan in illustrations; (“tell nobody”) int. H. R. “Bob” Haldeman in eds. Strober, Nixon, op. cit., p. 381, Prologue, Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 86; (not Rose Woods) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 196; (Pat & girls not told) PAT, p. 307; (“appalled”) UPI, Feb. 20, 1975; (“love letters”) Edmondson and Cohen, op. cit., p. 295; (WH board tapped) HD, p. 76; (Secret Service handled) processing manual, Appendix A(7), WHT, NP, NA; Alfred Wong testimony in O’Brien et al v. McCord et al., CA no. 1233-72, p. 861–; (Haldeman on Butterfield) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 203–; (4 in know) Prologue, Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 86; (Ehrlichman not told) ibid., int. John Ehrlichman in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 141; (Ehrlichman taped) E, Bk. 5, p. 2173, Bk. 7, p. 2828–, Bk. 12, p. 4942; Rather with Herskowitz, op. cit., p. 223; (Kissinger excluded) Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, op. cit., p.110; (K. staff made notes) int. William Watts; (“We’re going to look fools”) John Ehrlichman citing Kissinger in Parade, Feb. 5, 1995.
Suspicions of tapes: (Douglas-Home) JA, p. 496; (Haldeman/Kissinger memo) Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, op. cit., p. 112; (O’Neill) O’Neill, op. cit., p. 243–; (RN oblivious) RN int. and Alexander Butterfield testimony, cited in New York, Apr. 21, 1975, p. 40, Prologue, Vol. 20, Summer, 1988, p. 86; (“could see occasions”) Kissinger, Upheaval, op. cit., p. 113; (Baker) Bob Woodward, Shadow, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999, p. 122, citing ints. Howard Baker; (dog keeper guessed) Bryant with Leighton, op. cit., p. 258; (“moments when I should”) Colson, op. cit., p. 114; (Dean) Dean, op. cit., pp. 260–, 263, 300–; (Dean/Colson hoped) ibid., p. 332, int. Sam Dash, Colson, op. cit., p. 114; (“You never heard”) May 29, 1974 entry, diary of Rep. Jerome Waldie, supplied to author; (RN claimed “not comfortable”) MEM, p. 501; (“room not tapped”) WHT, Mar. 23, 1971, Conv. 051-001, WSPF, NA.
war over tapes: (trucks prevented) Cannon, op. cit., pp. 356, 365, Gulley, op. cit. p. 274–; (tape releases) int. Pat Anderson, archivist, NP, NA; AOP, p. xiv.
content of tapes: (“Daddy has cautioned”) MEM, p. 976; (“Imagine your own feeling”) Haldeman with DiMona, op. cit., p. 208–; (Naulty) Washington Times, Jan. 28, 1997; (“Here’s this voice”) Waldie diary entry, cited in SF Examiner, Aug. 9, 1984.
RN swearing: (computer check) Hoff, op. cit., p. 315–; (changing goddams) AOP, p. xv; (“Little shits”) Richard Reeves in New York, May 10, 1976; (“fucking”) WHT entries, June 11, June 19, 1973; AOP, pp. 598, 611; (Rebozo) AP, Nov. 4, 1974; (Finch) int. Robert Finch in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 267–; (Kissinger) Time, Mar. 15, 1999; (Cushman) int. Robert Cushman by FB, FBP; (Price) eds. Strober, Nixon, op. cit., p. 384; (Hess) int. Stephen Hess in eds. Miller Center, op. cit., p. 372; (mother) Good Housekeeping, June 1960; (Mazo) Lurie, Running, op. cit., p. 40; (diplomatic dinner) int. Walter Coombs [former head of World Affairs Council] by FB, FBP; (“Fuck Volpe”) Harper’s, Aug. 1994; (“fucking Trudeau”) William Watts cited in Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 106; (“motherfucking cocksucker”) tapes diary entry of James Doyle, chief spokesman Watergate special prosecutor, Oct. 30, 1973, provided to author; (three obscenities) Ed Rollins with Tom DeFrank, Bare Knuckles and Back Rooms, New York: Broadway Books, 1996, p. 71; (RN in old age) Crowley, Nixon in Winter, op. cit., p. 289; (Lincoln) New Republic, June 23, 1982; (RN on Truman) Kansas City Times, Oct. 13, 1960, letter in SF Examiner(?), June 17, 1974; ed. Sidney Kraus, The Great Debates, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1962, p. 197; (Paar) Paar, op. cit., p. 132; (“son-of-a-bitching Watergate”) WHT, Apr. 30, 1973, AOP, p. 381, also monitored for author and re: slurring; WP, Nov. 29, 1996.
RN worry re: tapes: Spiro Agnew in letter to Prof. Stanley Kutler, Feb. 1, 1989, Kutler Collection; (Hearst) ed. Miller, Breaking of the President, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 221; (“real love”) Frady, op. cit., p. 478; (“spider”) Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, op. cit., p. 113; (“definite image”) RN notes, Sep. 7, 1969, Nov. 28, Dec. 6, 1970, Nixon Presidential Files, Box 186, NP, NA.
RN and ethnic slurs: (women) WP, Dec. 27, 1998; (Mexicans) ibid., AP, Mar. 9, 1999; (Italians) WP, Dec. 27, 1998; Breslin, op. cit., p. 151; O’Neill, op. cit., p. 256–; (RN/Immigration Act) RN Record as Favoring Anti-Italian Quota Barriers, Box 240, DPP; NYT, Oct. 10, 13, 1952, Congressional Record, 1952, p. 8267; (“shit-asses”) James Doyle taped journal entry, early Sept. 1974, citing Leon Jaworski, supplied to author; (Zumwalt) Zumwalt, op. cit., p. 479, int. late Adm. Elmo Zumwalt.
RN anti-Semite?: (“Show me”) Garment, op. cit., p. 199; int. Leonard Garment; (“not an ounce”) Korff, op. cit, p.165; (“You can’t believe”) Henry Kissinger cited by Alan Dershowitz, SF Examiner, June 18, 1991; (RN on “Jewish traitors”) Ehrlichman cited in Isaacson, op. cit., p. 148; (“Jews . . . liberalizing”) May 26, 1971; HD, p. 292; (“find one”) WHT, July 2, 1971; AOP, p. 20; (“cabal”) SF Examiner, Sept. 11, 1988, cited Frederick Malek memo; (“youth, black, Jew”) July 18, 1970; HD, CD; (objected to having rabbi again) March 7, 1971, ibid.; (“the Jews . . . stealing”) WHT, Sep. 8, 1971; AOP, p. 29; (“please get me the names”) WHT, Sep. 13, 1971; AOP, p. 31; (IRS “full of Jews”) WHT, Sep. 14, 1971; AOP, p. 32; (“a kike”) WHT, Oct. 7, 1971, cited in American Journalism Review, Apr. 1997; AP, Mar. 9, 1999; (“avoiding the Jews”) WHT, Mar. 29, 1973; AOP, p. 288; (Jews disloyal, etc.) WHT, summer 1971, cited in WP, Oct. 6, 1999.
RN not anti-Semite: (some continued) Nixon Library archivist Susan Naulty article, Washington Times, Jan. 28, 1997; Safire, op. cit., p. 569; (Jewish group defended) Korff. op. cit., p. 164–, Washington Times, supra. 6, the reference is to an episode in 1950; (Soviet Jews) Korff, op. cit., pp. 4, 128.
RN and blacks: (“incompetent”) WHT, Mar. 8, 1971, in WP, Dec. 27, 1998; (great grandfather) Mazo, op. cit., p. 280; (mother welcomed) Nixon, Arena, op. cit., p. 93; (college & black youth) Mazo, op. cit., p. 23; (at Duke) Alsop, op. cit., p. 235; MO, p. 177; (black Senate attendant) int. Robert Parker; (black on TV crew) Rather and Herskowitz, op. cit., p. 227; (drink in basement) int. Lou Campbell; (“most dangerous”) Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988, p. 219, citing King letter, 1958; (“racist reflexes”) John Osborne, The Nixon Watch, New York: Liveright, 1970, p. 165; (Bork) int. Robert Bork by FB, FBP; (“niggers”/“jigs”) Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 110; (“never . . . an adequate black nation”) HD, p. 53; (Biafra) Howe and Trott, op. cit., p. 184; Hoff, op. cit., p. 247; Wicker, op. cit., p. 673; Morris, Uncertain Greatness, op. cit., p.131; (white S. Africa) Small, op. cit., p. 142–; (“Let’s leave the niggers”) Hersh, Price of Power, op. cit., p. 111; (“presented different sides”) int. Ehrlichman in eds. Strober, Nixon, op. cit., p. 384; (“just down from trees”) Seymour Hersh article, The New Yorker, Dec. 14, 1992; (“would do his best”) int. John Ehrlichman and see Ehrlichman, op. cit., p. 196; (black admiral, etc.) Patrick Buchanan, The New Majority, Girard Bank, 1973, p. 36; (excoriated re: busing) e.g., Panetta, op. cit., p. 6; Reichley, op. cit., p. 174; (“nothing beyond the law”) Aug. 4, 1970 entry; HD, CD, Genovese, op. cit., p. 85; (“No gain”) Aug. 4, 1970, HD, CD; (“make sure”) Morris, Uncertain Greatness, op. cit., p. 131; (“We do not make votes”) Newsday, Apr. 25, 1994; (Michigan busing) Ehrlichman, op. cit., p. 207, the aide sent was Mike Bolzano, on Charles Colson’s orders; (Chisholm/Bond/Jackson ploy) AOP, p. 33;
London Independent, Nov. 20, 29, 1996.
“Thugs” conversation: (RN/Haldeman meeting) WHT, May 5, 1971, transcribed for author and see Conv. No. 491-014, WSPF, Record Grp. 460, NA; (Fitzsimmons mtg.) James Neff, Mobbed Up, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989, p. 163–; (demonstrations) Charles DeBenedetti with Charles Chatfield, An American Ordeal, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1990, p. 291; Szulc, Illusion, op. cit., p. 389–; ed. Clifton Daniel, Chronicle of the Twentieth Century, Mt. Kisco, NY: Chronicle Pub., 1987, p. 1032; HD, p. 284; (Chicago Seven) DeBenedetti, op. cit., pp. 246, 452n101.
Hoffman/injury: AP pictures (showing bandaged nose) and captions, May 6, 7, 1971, SF Examiner, Sep. 30, 1981 and unid. alternative press clip, 1981, citing Hoffman; int. Anita Hoffman.
Haldeman and “thugs” conversation: (declined comment) NYT, Sep. 24, 1981, May 5, 1971 entry, HD, CD.
NY construction workers: (attack on protestors) NYT, May 9, 1970; (construction workers demo.) NYT, May 16, 20, 1970; Wise, Politics of Lying, op. cit., p. 287; (RN received) NYT, May 27, 1970; (Brennan described) Colson, op. cit., p. 38; Scheim, op. cit., p. 297; ed. Schoenebaum, p. 68; (“Thank God for hard hats”) Safire, op. cit., p. 678 and see Time, June 8, 1970.
Triggered by RN high command?: int. Richard Howard and NYT, Sep. 24, 1981 citing John Ehrlichman.
San Jose incidents: Washington Evening Star, Oct. 30, 1970; Safire, op. cit., p. 327–; MEM, p. 492; (“We wanted confrontation”) HD, p. 205.
The Arrogance of Power Page 101
