American soldiers could slug it out: Peter R. Mansoor, The GI Offensive in Europe, 255; censorship morale reports, Nov. 1943–June 1944, MTO AG, NARA RG 492, 311.7, box 931 (“I really belong”).
On the day Rome fell: “Strength of the Army,” May 31, 1944, CMH; Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, 638.
Of those eight million American soldiers: “Summary of Activities,” June 1, 1944, NA TOUSA, analysis and control div., CMH; Edmund F. Ball, Staff Officer with the Fifth Army, 262 (“glad that I came”).
Kesselring continued to command: Mark M. Boatner III, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II, 272–73.
Some blew to other fronts: 201 file, Charles W. Ryder papers, DDE Lib, box 2; “Notice of Award of Decoration,” Oct. 23, 1944, FLW papers, HIA, box 3; Texas, 393 (“will not be sorry”).
Others were fated to remain: “Small World,” CBS, 1959 (“never quite get over it”); Peter Neville, Mussolini, 185–86; Benito Mussolini, My Rise and Fall, 322; Sergio Luzzatto, The Body of Il Duce, 46, 100–102, 117, 208–10.
Alexander received: Nigel Nicholson, Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis, 238.
“The limitations of his ability”: Jackson, 295; Boatner, 6; http://www.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/alexander_e.asp.
Geoffrey Keyes continued: U.S. Third Army Web site, http://www.arcent.army.mil/history/com_bios/cg_gkeyes.asp.
Bill Darby’s life: Michael J. King, “Rangers,” June 1985, CSI, 41; Boatner, 117.
“I tried to tell you”: corr, LKT Jr. to Sarah, June 11 and 15, 1944, LKT Jr. papers, GCM Lib, box 1, folder 6; Boatner, 574.
Clark also felt on edge: MWC to Renie, June 8 and 11, July 4, 1944, MWC, personal corr, Citadel; Boatner, 98–99.
“It is the most cruel and unfair”: corr, MWC to Renie, March 13, 1946, “Rapido River Controversy, 1946,” MWC, Citadel, box 39, folder 1; Sidney T. Matthews, “Writing Small Unit Actions with the Fifth Army in Italy,” n.d., SM, MHI, box 2 (commissioned an immense history).
“clairvoyant and energetic”: Martin Blumenson, Mark Clark, 288; William L. Allen, Anzio: Edge of Disaster, 49 (“had his limitations”).
“tough old gut”: Pyle, 201.
“the dreamt land”: Richard Wilbur, “A Baroque Wall-Fountain in the Villa Sciarra,” in Alice Leccese Powers, Italy in Mind, 342.
“the surge of a marching world”: Pyle, 201–2.
“misery, destruction, frustration”: George Biddle, Artist at War, 240; Silver, “Cartoonist for All Wars,” 42 (“I stopped regarding the war”); Glenn G. Clift, A Letter from Salerno, 10 (“born deep inside us”); Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. Robert Fagles, 145 (circling stars).
“I watched a full moon”: Gray, 34.
SELECTED SOURCES
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Allanbrook, Douglas. See Naples. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995.
Allen, William L. Anzio: Edge of Disaster. New York: Elsevier-Dutton, 1978.
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———. The Spearheaders. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1960.
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