Aiyar, P. S., 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1, 12.1; Ambedkar compared to, 8.2; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Ajmer, Rajasthan, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
Ali, Muhammad, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2; arrests of, 6.3, 6.4; Gandhi’s fasts at bungalow of, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1; Gandhi’s relationship with, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 8.2, 8.3, 12.1; Gandhi’s wearing of loincloth and, 6.9; Khilafat and, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13; noncooperation campaign and, 6.14, 6.15
Ali, Shaukat, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1
All India Congress Committee, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1
All India Radio
All India Spinners Association
All India Village Industries Association (AIVIA), 10.1, 12.1; celibacy vow and, 10.2; in context of contemporary India, 10.3; Gandhi’s disappointment with, 10.4, 10.5; recruitment of workers for, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8
All Parties Convention (1928)
Al Qaeda
Alwaye (now called Aluva), Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in (1924)
Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1; as Buddhist convert, 8.4; earliest petitions and statements of, on behalf of untouchables, 8.5; educational achievements of, 8.6; in electoral politics, 8.7; final falling-out of Gandhi and, 9.4; Gandhi’s convergence with, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7; Gandhi’s fast unto death and, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11; Gandhi’s first meetings with, 8.8; Gandhi visited at Segaon by, 10.2; Hinduism renounced by, 10.3, 10.4; marriages of, 8.9, 9.12, 12.2; at Round Table Conference, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13; satyagraha tactics adopted by, 8.14, 8.15, 8.16; separate electorate for untouchables sought by, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17; temple-entry issues and, 8.21, 8.22, 9.18, 9.19, 10.5; as untouchable, 8.23; in writing of 1950 constitution, 8.24, 9.20
Amrita Bazar Patrika, 11.1
Amritsar: Congress meeting at (1919), 6.1, 7.1; massacre at (1919), 6.2, 6.3, 12.1
Andhra, corruption of Congress movement in
Andrews, Charles F., 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1
Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2; stretcher corps led by Gandhi in, 1.3, 2.1, 3.2, 3.3, 10.1, 12.1
anti-Indian laws and regulations, South African, 1.1, 4.1, 12.1, 12.2; educational opportunities and, 4.2, 4.3; final settlement after satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.1; head tax on former indentured Indians and, 3.1, 4.4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13; immigration restrictions and, 3.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 12.3; legitimacy of traditional Indian marriages and, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19; property rights and, 1.2, 4.8; Transvaal’s registration requirements and (“Black Act”), 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.9, 4.10, 5.20, 12.4, 12.5; voting rights and, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 4.11, 4.12, 5.21
Anti-untouchability League. See Harijan Sevak Sangh
Anything Goes (Porter), 10.1
apartheid, fm.1, 1.1, 2.1; alliance of Indian and African activists in opposition to, 3.1; Indians’ situation under, 5.1
Arab world, 6.1, 6.2; Palestine issue and, 10.1
Area of Darkness, An (Naipaul), 2.1
Armstrong (white planter)
Arya Samaj, 2.1, 7.1
ashrams, 1.1; as base for satyagrahis, 3.1, 4.1; celibacy and other rules at, 6.1; cottage industries at, 6.2; Gandhi’s approval of intercaste marriages at, 9.1; mission of, 4.2, 4.3, 6.3; Ruskin and Tolstoy as inspirations for, 1.2, 4.4, 12.1; sanitation system in, 2.1; untouchables residing at, 6.4. See also Phoenix Settlement; Sabarmati Ashram; Sevagram village and ashram; Tolstoy Farm
Asiatic Act (1907), 3.1, 12.1
Asiatic Law Amendment Ordinance, called “Black Act” (1906), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 12.1, 12.2
Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal)
Attenborough, Richard
Aurobindo, Sri (Aurobindo Ghose)
Autobiography (Gandhi), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1, 12.1; “The Story of My Experiments with Truth” as subtitle of, 2.4
Ayyankali, 7.1, 8.1
Ayyappan, Sahodaran
Azad, Maulana, 11.1, 12.1
Bajaj, Jamnalal, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4
Balasundaram (Tamil gardener), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Ballengeich mine, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Balmikis (sometimes spelled Valmikis)
Bangladesh (former East Pakistan, originally East Bengal), 11.1, 11.2, 12.1; commemoration of 140th anniversary of Gandhi’s birth in, 11.3; Hindus remaining in, 11.4, 12.2. See also Noakhali; Srirampur
Banias. See Modh Banias
Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)
Bari, Maulana Abdul, 6.1, 6.2
Baroda, maharajah of
Bauris
Bawazir, Imam Abdul Kader
Bayly, Susan
BBC, 3.1, 4.1, 12.1
Benares (now called Varanasi), Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1, 9.2
Benares Hindu University
Beneva Sugar Estates
Bengal, 1.1; East, 11.1, 12.1 (see also Bangladesh; Noakhali; Srirampur); united, Suhrawardy’s plan for, 12.2; West, 11.2, 12.3
Bengali language
Bhagavad Gita
Bhambatha, Chief, 3.1, 3.2
Bhambatha Rebellion (1906), 3.1, 12.1; atrocities committed on Zulus in, 3.2; corps of stretcher bearers led by Gandhi in, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 10.1; Dube’s position on, 3.6, 3.7; Gandhi’s decision to support whites in, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 6.1; outbreak of, 3.12
Bhangis (sweepers), 2.1, 2.2, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
Bhatt, Ela
Bhave, Vinoba, fm.1, 12.1
Bhavnagar, Gujarat, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
Bihar, fm.1, 12.1; campaign on behalf of indigo farmers of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 9.1, 12.2, 12.3; communal violence in, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8; earthquake in (1934), 9.2
bin Laden, Osama, 6.1, 12.1
Birla, G. D., 11.1, 12.1
Birla House (Delhi), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5; explosion at, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8; Gandhi’s assassination at, 12.9, 12.10; lax security precautions at, 12.11; turned into shrine, 12.12, 12.13
Bissick, Ada
“Black Act.” See Asiatic Law Amendment Ordinance
black South Africans, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1; alliance between Indians and, 3.2, 3.3; Gandhi’s contact with, outside of prison, 3.4, 3.5, 12.1; Gandhi’s imprisonment with, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9; Gandhi’s seemingly racist writings and, 3.10; indentured Indians put on same plane as, 3.11; indentured Indians replaced with, 5.2; “kaffir” epithet for, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14; Natives Land Act and, 3.15, 3.16, 5.3; nonviolence tactic and, 3.17, 10.1; racial separation and, 3.18 (see also apartheid); repressiveness of Afrikaner regime and, 3.19; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; skin color and, 3.20; YMCA debate of 1908 and, 3.21, 3.22; Zulu uprising of 1906 and, 3.23, 12.2 (see also Bhambatha Rebellion)
Bloemfontein jail, 5.1, 5.2
Boer War. See Anglo-Boer War
Bombay: Ambedkar’s first meeting with Gandhi in (1931), 8.1; Gandhi’s valedictory day as congressman in, 9.1, 10.1; Hindu opinion on untouchability in, 9.2; Jinnah and Gandhi’s talks in (1944), 11.1, 11.2; riots in (1919), 6.1
Bombay Presidency
Bose, Nirmal Kumar, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7
Bose, Subhas Chandra, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2
Botha, Louis, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 12.1; three-pound head tax and, 4.1, 4.2; white miners’ strike and, 5.3, 5.4
Bourke-White, Margaret
boycotts: of cloth from English mills, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1; of Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour, by untouchables, 9.1; Hindu-Muslim relations and, 11.1, 12.2
BRAC Bank
brahmacharya. See celibacy vow
Brahmans, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2; Ambedkar’s relations with, 8.3, 9.3; supporters of Vaikom protests, 7.3, 8.4; Vaikom temple and, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 9.4
British Commonwealth, dominion status for India in
British Empire, 8.1; Anglicized native ruling class in colonies of, 6.1, 6.2
; clash over South Africa’s proper place in, 5.1; divide and rule tactics of, 1.1, 8.2; Gandhi’s promotion of racial equality in, 3.1; Indians as full citizens of, 1.2, 1.3, 3.2; India’s independence from (see Independence Day; independence movement); South African colonies of, 1.4, 1.5; spread of Indian immigrants throughout, 1.6, 1.7
Brown, Judith
Buber, Martin
Buddhism, untouchables’ conversion to, 8.1, 10.1
Buller, General Redvers
Buxar, Bihar, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
Calcutta (now called Kolkata): All Parties Convention in (1928), 8.1; communal violence in, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1; Gandhi’s fast in, 12.4; Gandhi’s peacekeeping mission to (1947), 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; Gandhi’s visit to (1901), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.1; Hydari Manzil in, 12.8; independence celebration in, 12.9
Campbell, Colin, 5.1, 5.2
Campbell, Marshall, 3.1, 3.2, 12.1; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.1
Campbell, William
Cape Province, 1.1, 5.1
caste discrimination, 1.1, 5.1, 8.1; ambiguities in Gandhi’s position on, 7.1; British racism equated with, 2.1, 2.2; Christianity and, 2.3, 2.4; dining and, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 6.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1; evolution of Gandhi’s ideas about, 2.7, 7.4, 7.5; Gandhi’s London sojourn and, 2.8; Gandhi’s renunciation of, 10.2; imprisonment and, 3.2; Indian National Congress and, 2.9, 2.10; intercaste marriages and, 2.11, 7.6, 7.7, 8.2, 9.4, 10.3; in Kerala, 7.8; Manusmriti burnings and, 8.3; multiplicity of categories and subgroupings in, 1.2, 2.12; possibility of humanizing makeover of, 7.9; predestination doctrine and, 7.10; rigid and oppressive practice of, in Indian villages, 2.13, 7.11; social divide of class in relation to, 1.3, 2.14; in South Africa vs. India, 2.15; strictures of, applied to non-Hindus and foreigners, 3.3, 4.1; Tolstoy’s influence on Gandhi’s thinking about, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18; varnashrama dharma (rules of caste) and, 2.19, 7.12, 7.13, 10.4. See also indentured Indians; untouchables, untouchability
“Caste Has to Go” (Gandhi)
Cawnpore (now called Kanpur): Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
celibacy vow: at Gandhi’s ashrams, 6.1; Gandhi’s own abstinence and, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1; in Hinduism (brahmacharya), 1.3, 10.2; Manu as test of, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6; village self-sufficiency campaign and, 10.3
Central Peace Committee
Champaran, Bihar, campaign on behalf of indigo farmers of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2
Chaplin, Charlie, 8.1, 8.2
charkha (spinning wheel), 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2. See also spinning
Charlestown, indentured Indian mine workers’ strike in (1913), 5.1, 5.2
Chatterji, Joya
Chauri Chaura, riot at (1922), 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1
Chelmsford, Lord (viceroy), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Chesterton, G. K.
Chicago Tribune, 9.1
China, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
Christians, Christianity: African converts to, 3.1, 3.2; Gandhi’s flirtation with, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1; untouchables converting to, 2.2
Churchill, Winston, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
civil disobedience, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4; Salt March of 1930 and, 4.1, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2. See also satyagraha
class distinctions, 1.1, 2.1; coolies and, 1.2. See also caste discrimination
class struggle, 9.1; of whites versus whites, 5.1
Communal Award (British ruling on electorates for Indian communities), 9.1; Gandhi’s fast unto death in response to, 9.2
Communists, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1
constitution, Indian (1950), 8.1, 9.1
“coolies”: as affront to Gandhi, 3.1; origin and use of word, 1.1, 12.1. See also indentured Indians
cottage industries: boycott of foreign cloth and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1; at Gandhi’s ashram, 6.4; as salvation for underemployed, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 12.1; wearing of khadi (homespun cloth) and, 6.8, 8.2. See also spinning
cows, protection of, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 10.1
Critic (Johannesburg), 2.1
Czechs, Gandhi’s nonviolent approach to Nazi threat and, 10.1, 11.1
Dacca. See Dhaka
Dafda, Dani
Dafda, Dudabhai Malji, called Duda
Dafda, Lakshmi (outcaste adopted by Gandhi as his daughter), 2.1, 6.1
Daily Herald (London), 8.1, 8.2
Dalits, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 12.1; affirmative action for, 8.2; critical views of Gandhi among, 7.3, 9.5; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour protested by, 9.6; “Harijan” term rejected by, 8.3; relative standing of Ambedkar and Gandhi among, 8.4. See also untouchables, untouchability
Dandi Beach, Gandhi’s defiance of salt law at (1930), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
darshan (merit or uplift gained by being in presence of holy person), 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
dboti. See loincloth
Deekshabhoomi (Nagpur)
Defiance Campaign Against Unjust Laws
Delhi, 12.1, 12.2; Bhangi colony in, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5; communal violence in, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10; firing on crowd in (1919), 6.1; Gandhi’s assassination in, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14; Gandhi’s fast in, 12.15; Gandhi’s final visit to, 12.16; Hindu opinion on untouchability in, 9.1. See also Birla House
Depression, Great, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Desai, Ashwin, 5.1, 5.2
Desai, Mahadev, 1.1, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4
Desai, Narayan, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
Dhaka (formerly Dacca), 12.1; commemoration of 140th anniversary of Gandhi’s birth in, 11.1
Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Din (Mass Conversion Ceremony Day)
Dharasana, nonviolent raid on saltworks at (1930)
dharma (duty of righteous man), 6.1, 9.1
Dheds
Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma (great-granddaughter), 3.1, 6.1
Dinuzulu, king of Zulus
Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946)
Doke, Joseph, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
Dravidian language
Dube, James
Dube, John Langalibalele, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 12.1; anti-Indianism ascribed to, 3.4; Bhambatha Rebellion and, 3.5, 3.6; Gandhi’s direct contact with, 3.7, 3.8, 5.2; as hallowed figure in South African heritage, 3.9; nonviolent resistance witnessed by, 3.10
Dube, Lulu
Dundee: Gandhi’s arrest and arraignment in, 5.1, 5.2; mines in, 5.3; monument to Gandhi in, 1.1
Durban, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2; Gandhi’s legal practice in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.3, 2.4, 12.3; Gandhi’s political activities in, 2.5; Gandhi’s post-strike appearances in, 5.3; Gandhi’s prolonged absence from, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6; Gandhi’s speech at racecourse in (1913), 5.4; monument to Gandhi in, 1.4; satyagraha campaign of 1913 in, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8; Zulu “pogrom” against Indians in (1949), 3.3. See also Phoenix Settlement
East Bengal, 11.1, 12.1. See also Bangladesh; Noakhali; Srirampur
East Pakistan. See Bangladesh
Empire Theater (Johannesburg), 1.1, 3.1, 8.1
English language, Gandhi’s use and nonuse of, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1
Erikson, Erik, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1
Esoteric Christian Union, 1.1, 2.1
Ezhavas (sometimes spelled Ilhaves), 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 10.1; mass conversion of, 10.2
fasts, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1; Gandhi’s decrees on, 7.1, 9.1; Hindu-Muslim violence and, 6.2, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; partial, Gandhi’s daily meager diet as, 4.2; for purification of Congress, 9.2; seventeenth and final, 12.5, 12.6; untouchability issue and, 2.1, 2.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 12.7; in Vaikom Satyagraha, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.7, 9.8
Fiji, 1.1, 5.1
“firings”, 6.1, 6.2
First Vote
Fischer, Louis, 2.1, 6.1, 11.1, 11.2
foot-touching
Fort (Johannesburg)
Freud, Sigmu
nd
Gaiety Theater (Johannesburg)
Gandhi (movie), 1.1
Gandhi, Abha (grandniece)
Gandhi, Devadas (fourth son), 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 12.1
Gandhi, Ela (granddaughter)
Gandhi, Harilal (eldest son), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 12.1; father’s disappointment in, 10.1, 10.2
Gandhi, Indira
Gandhi, Jaisukhlal (nephew), 11.1, 11.2
Gandhi, Karamchand, called Kaba (father), 1.1, 12.1
Gandhi, Kastur, called Ba (née Makanji; wife), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2; death of, 3.2, 11.1, 12.3; husband’s celibacy vow and, 1.4, 4.5; in satyagraha of 1913, 5.3, 5.4; untouchability and, 2.2, 6.2, 6.3
Gandhi, Laxmidas (older brother), 2.1, 4.1, 4.2
Gandhi, Manilal (second son), fm.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 12.1; in love with Muslim woman, 6.2
Gandhi, Manu (grandniece), 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1; Mahatma’s assassination and, 11.4, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; as test of Mahatma’s vow of celibacy, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7; in walking tour of Noakhali, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10
Gandhi, Mohandas K.: Aiyar’s views on, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1; Ali’s relationship with, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.2, 8.3, 12.1 (see also Ali, Muhammad); Ambedkar’s relationship with, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1 (see also Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji); ambition of, 1.2, 1.3; ancestors of, 1.4; assassination of, 5.4, 7.1, 9.5, 11.1, 11.2, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; attire of, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 2.1, 4.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 8.7; black South Africans’ contact with, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 12.8 (see also black South Africans); caste background of, 1.8, 2.2, 10.2; caste discrimination and (see caste discrimination; untouchables, untouchability); celibacy vow of, 1.9, 1.10, 3.6, 4.5, 4.6, 6.7, 6.8, 10.3, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.9; Christian missionaries and, 1.11, 2.3, 5.8, 7.2; chronology for, 12.10; communal settlements established by (see ashrams; Phoenix Settlement; Sabarmati Ashram; Sevagram village and ashram; Tolstoy Farm); cremation of, 12.11, 12.12; deification of, 6.9; demeanor of, 1.12; dietary rigors of, 1.13, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12; essential foreignness of, 2.4, 2.5; fasting of (see fasts); as father, 4.11; first political speeches of, 1.14; fundamental nature of appeal of, 6.13; funeral of, 12.13, 12.14; Gokhale as mentor of, 1.15, 2.6, 4.12, 6.14, 6.15 (see also Gokhale, Gopal Krishna); health experiments of, 4.13, 5.12, 12.15; Hindu-Muslim unity sought by, 4.14, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 7.3, 8.8, 8.9 (see also Hindu-Muslim relations); imprisonment of, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.15, 5.13, 5.14, 7.4, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 11.6, 12.16, 12.17, 12.18, 12.19; independence movement and, 6.21, 7.5, 8.13, 11.7 (see also independence movement; Indian National Congress; swaraj); Jinnah’s relationship with, 11.8 (see also Jinnah, Mohammed Ali); Kallenbach’s relationship with, 4.16, 10.4 (see also Kallenbach, Hermann); Khilafat movement supported by, 1.16, 6.22 (see also Khilafat, Khilafat movement); languages spoken by, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 4.17, 5.15, 6.23, 6.24, 6.25, 6.26, 12.20; mahatma title conferred on, 1.20, 6.27, 7.6; marriage of, 1.21, 1.22, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20 (see also Gandhi, Kastur); massages received by, 4.21, 9.9, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12; monuments to, 1.23, 3.10; Nehru as heir and successor of, 11.13 (see also Nehru, Jawaharlal); nonviolent tactics of, 1.24, 4.22, 6.28, 7.7 (see also civil disobedience; noncooperation campaigns; nonviolence; satyagraha); one hundredth anniversary of birth of, fm.1; photographs of, 2.7, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 4.23, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 6.29, 6.30, 7.8, 8.14, 8.15, 9.10, 10.5, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 12.21; pro-British sentiments of, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, 4.24, 6.31, 6.32, 10.6; racial thinking of, 3.17 (see also black South Africans); return to India of (1915), 1.25, 2.8, 4.25, 4.26, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24, 6.33; sanitation and hygiene as concerns of, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 4.27, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 9.11, 10.7, 10.8, 11.18; self-rule notion of (see swaraj); social equality notion of, 1.26 (see also caste discrimination; indentured Indians; untouchables, untouchability); transformation or self-invention of, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 5.25; wartime service of, 1.31, 2.14, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 6.37, 10.9, 12.22
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