Tory Party (Great Britain), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
trains: racial incident of 1893 and, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1; strike of white railway men and (1913), 5.1; third-class compartments on, 2.2
Transvaal, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1; chosen as Gandhi’s base, 4.2; citizenship rights off limits to Indians in, 1.2; Gandhi ordered to leave, 12.1; Gandhi’s departure from (1913), 3.2, 4.3; immigration law in, 3.3, 4.4, 4.5, 12.2; registration issue in, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.6, 4.7, 5.1, 12.3. See also Johannesburg
Transvaal Advertiser, 1.1
Transvaal British Indian Association
Transvaal Leader, 5.1, 5.2
Travancore, 7.1, 7.2; Gandhi’s tour of (1937), 10.1; Gandhi’s visit to (1925), 7.3; maharajahs of, 7.4, 7.5, 10.2; maharani of, 7.6, 7.7; mass conversion of Ezhavas in, 10.3; temples thrown open to any manner of Hindu in, 7.8, 10.4. See also Vaikom, Shiva temple at; Vaikom Satyagraha
“Treaty of Separation”
Turkey, 6.1, 7.1. See also Ottoman caliphate
Uka (untouchable), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Union of South Africa: Anglo-Afrikaner relations and, 5.1; creation of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2; inequality as basis of, 5.2
United Nations
Unto This Last (Ruskin), 4.1, 12.1
Untouchability Committee (Kerala). See also Vaikom Satyagraha
untouchables, untouchability, 2.1, 4.1, 8.1, 12.1; abolished in 1950 constitution, 9.1; Ambedkar’s campaigns on behalf of, 7.1, 8.2, 9.2; Ambedkar’s vs. Gandhi’s views on predicament of, 10.1; Bhangis (sweepers), 2.2, 2.3, 9.3, 9.4, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Bihar earthquake as “divine chastisement” for, 9.5; British officials’ reports on rallies against, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9; caste Hindus dispossessed in communal violence lectured on, 11.1; childhood lessons in distancing and, 2.4; colonial taxonomy and, 2.5; conversion to Buddhism and, 8.3, 10.2; conversion to Christianity and, 2.6; conversion to Islam and, 2.7, 2.8, 7.2, 11.2; cottage industries as salvation for, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.10, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 12.5; daughter adopted by Gandhi (Lakshmi), 2.9, 6.4; effective mobilization of, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13; feces removal and, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 6.5, 10.6; Gandhi criticized for inconsistent commitment to, 7.3, 7.4, 8.4, 9.14; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour of 1933–34 and, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17, 10.7, 12.6; Gandhi’s campaign in India against oppression of, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 7.5, 7.6, 8.5, 9.18, 12.7; Gandhi’s condescending tone and, 1.1, 7.7, 8.6, 10.8; Gandhi’s disappointment in struggle against, 10.9; Gandhi’s “fast unto death” and, 9.19, 9.20, 12.8; Gandhi’s fundraising for, 9.21; Gandhi’s ideas of social equality and, 1.2, 2.14, 7.8; Gandhi’s personal experiences with, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18, 7.9; Gandhi’s walking tour of Noakhali and, 11.3; “Harijans” as term for, 1.3, 8.7, 9.22, 9.23, 12.9; higher-caste reformers and, 2.19, 2.20; Hindu-Muslim relations and, 2.21, 7.10, 7.11, 10.10, 11.4; imprisonment of other castes with, 3.1; independence movement and, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 8.8, 8.9, 9.24, 9.25, 9.26; intercaste marriages and, 2.22, 7.15, 7.16, 9.27; intricacies of caste as practiced in Kerala and, 7.17; Kasturba Gandhi’s feelings about, 2.23, 6.12, 6.13; last mention of, in South African newspaper, 2.24; legislative representation of, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 9.28, 9.29, 12.10; overlap between indentured servants and, 1.4, 5.1, 6.14; persistence of discrimination against, at end of Gandhi’s life, 1.5; pollution notions and, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 8.14, 10.11; potential uprising of, 9.30; poverty and, 2.28; practiced by untouchables toward other untouchable groups, 2.29; purification rituals and, 2.30, 2.31, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 7.26; residing at Gandhi’s ashram, 6.15; rigid and oppressive practice of, in Indian villages, 2.32, 7.27; Round Table Conference of 1931 and, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17; satyagraha campaign and, 7.28 (see also Vaikom Satyagraha); Shraddhanand’s pleadings on behalf of, 7.29, 7.30, 7.31; strictures of, applied to blacks, 3.2; temple-entry issues and (see temple-entry issues); unapproachability and unseeability notions and, 7.32, 7.33; uplifted into Hindu fold, 2.33, 7.34, 7.35; urged to leave Hinduism, 9.31, 9.32; village self-sufficiency and, 9.33, 10.12, 10.13, 10.14, 12.11, 12.12 (see also All India Village Industries Association). See also caste discrimination; Dalits
Usman, Mohammad
Vahed, Goolam, 5.1, 5.2
Vaikom, Shiva temple at: description of, 7.1; Gandhi’s audience with Brahmans at, 7.2, 7.3; priestly caste at, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1; untouchables barred from, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 10.1
Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25), 7.1, 8.1, 10.1; absence of Pulaya agitation in, 7.2; fasting in, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1, 9.2; first march in, 7.6; Gandhi’s arrival at, 7.7; Gandhi’s first meeting with Narayan Guru and, 7.8; Gandhi’s restraints on tactics in, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 8.2, 8.3, 9.3; Gandhi’s visit to Travancore and, 7.12, 8.4; impetus for, 7.13; monument to, 7.14, 7.15; non-Hindus barred from participation in, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18; settlement in, 7.19, 10.2; violent attacks on satyagrahis in, 7.20
Vaikom Taluk Toddy Tappers Union
varnashrama dharma (rules of caste), 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1
vegetarianism, 1.1, 4.1
Victoria, queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, empress of India, 1.1, 5.1
Vijayanath, Babu, 7.1, 7.2
village self-sufficiency: contemporary microfinance schemes and, 10.1, 12.1. See also All India Village Industries Association
Vivekananda, Swami
Volksrust: Gandhi’s arrest at (1908), 3.1, 5.1, 12.1; Gandhi’s arrest at (1913), 5.2, 12.2; satyagrahis’ illegal border crossings at, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6
Wahab, Abdue
“Walk Alone”
Wardha, 10.1; as de facto nationalist capital of India, 10.2; foreign delegations’ visits to, 10.3; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour ended in, 9.1; Gandhi’s relocation to, 9.2, 10.4, 10.5, 12.1 (see also Sevagram village and ashram); suicides among indebted cotton farmers of, 10.6
Washington, Booker T., 3.1, 3.2
Wavell, Lord (viceroy), 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
weaving, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1
Weizmann, Chaim
West, Albert
West Bengal, 11.1, 12.1
What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy), 2.1, 12.1
women: Gandhi’s call for enhanced role for, 8.1, 9.1; in satyagraha, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; Self Employed Women’s Association and, 12.1; as victims of communal violence, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.2
Woodgate, Major General Edward
Working Committee (Congress Party), 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
World Bank
World War I, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 12.1; Gandhi’s recruitment of Indian troops for, 6.3, 10.2, 12.2
World War II, 3.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1; Gandhi’s moral pronouncements on circumstances leading to, 10.3; Indian independence and, 10.4, 11.1; Indian support of British war effort in, 11.2; India’s declaration of war in, 10.5, 11.3; “Quit India!” campaign and, 11.4
yajna (self-sacrifice), Manu’s presence and, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
Yeravda prison (near Poona), 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1; “fast unto death” campaign in, 9.3, 12.1, 12.2
YMCA (Johannesburg), debate at (1908), 3.1, 3.2
Young India (Gandhi’s weekly newspaper), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1
Yunus, Muhammad
zamindars (Indian landlords)
Zionism, 4.1, 10.1
Zululand, 1.1, 3.1
Zulus, 12.1; anti-Indian “pogrom” of (1949), 3.1; Gandhi’s encounters with, 3.2; uprising of (1906), 3.3, 6.1, 12.2 (see also Bhambatha Rebellion); whites and Indians outnumbered by, 3.4. See also Dube, John Langalibalele
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Pages fm.1, 2.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.7, 12.2: Vithalbhai Jhaveri / GandhiServe
Page fm.2: James A. Milles / AP Wide World
Page 1.1: MuseuMAfrica
Pages 3.1, 4.2, 10.2: Isa Sarid / GandhiServe
Page 5.1: courtesy of Hassim Seedat
Page 8.2: India Office Library, London, British Library
Page 8.3: the British Library / Bridgeman
Page 8.4: C
ounsic Brothers / GandhiServe
Pages 10.1, 11.1, 11.6, 12.1: Dinodia
Pages 11.4, 11.8: Kanu Gandhi / GandhiServe
Page 11.5: Jagan Mehta / GandhiServe
Pages p1.1, p2.1, 11.9: maps by Archie Tse
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Joseph Lelyveld’s interest in Gandhi dates back to tours in India and South Africa as a foreign correspondent for The New York Times, where he worked for nearly four decades, ending up as executive editor from 1994 to 2001. His book on apartheid, Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White, won the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. He is also the author of Omaha Blues: A Memory Loop. He lives in New York.
ALSO BY JOSEPH LELYVELD
Omaha Blues: A Memory Loop
Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White
Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India Page 56
