women as 410, 411
See also New Model Army
Leven, Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl 4, 39, 112, 449, 328, 335–6, 375, 386
at Marston Moor 330, 332–3
Lewes, Stephen 188
Licensing Ordinance 1643 459–60
See also print licensing
Lichfield/Lichfield Cathedral 265, 266, 345
Lilburne, Elizabeth (wife of John Lilburne) 411
Lilburne, Henry (brother of John Lilburne) 544
Lilburne, John 136, 137, 252, 273, 440, 442–4, 463, 534, 559
attacks on 279, 442–3, 444–5
John Bastwick and 442–3
Henry Burton and 440, 441–2
C’s trial, opposition to 565
Copie of a letter… To Mr. William Prinne Esq. 344
England’s Birth-Right Justified 443
George Glover’s engraving of 440
imprisoned for publishing illicit tracts 440, 441, 486–7, 489
William Lenthall, Speaker of the Commons and 443
as a Leveller 458, 508, 565
New Model Army, his influence on 490, 508, 512
Parliament, his attacks on 443, 507–8, 584
in parliamentary army 440; resignation from 372
print campaign in defence of 442–3
William Prynne and 343–4, 441, 442–3
religious beliefs 372, 440, 486
William Walwyn and 440, 441–2, 443, 444
Lilburne, Robert (brother of John Lilburne) 488, 544
Lilly, William 363–9, 407, 448, 454, 485
Christian Astrology 368
Merlinus Anglicus Junior 367, 368
as the parliamentary astrologer 366, 450
his prophecies 368
Supernaturall sights and apparitions seen in London 364–5, 366, 368
as a quack 366
Lincoln 326
Lincolnshire 99, 106, 130, 211, 213, 220, 223, 234, 345, 402, 409
neutralism 219–20
parliamentarians in 251, 327
Lincolnshire fens 462
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, 1st Earl 106, 242
at Edgehill 244; death 244, 284
Lisle, Sir George 548
literacy levels 50, 51 See also books/reading
Littleton, Sir Edward, Lord Keeper 185, 212
Livesey, Colonel Sir Michael 205, 542
local communities 393–9, 400–404, 406–7, 413–36
clubmen as part of 286, 384, 385, 413–21, 461, 462, 463
disorder/lawlessness in, caused by soldiers 415–17, 419–21
disruption of 393–4, 424–6, 435–6, 461–3
local government 57, 58–63, 74, 201, 284–5, 424–6
Books of Orders (Privy Council) for 59, 60, 65
in boroughs 60
by committee 422, 424–6, 427
dearth orders 59, 61
disputes/rivalry in 85–7
ideals of active service 54, 55, 60–61, 70–71, 79–80
local opinion and 67, 209
in opposition to the king 70–71, 80
by royalists 284–5
as self-government 60–61, 67, 70, 79–80, 415, 418, 426
tax collection and 132–3
in parishes 61
as voluntary 58, 70, 71, 79–80
local opinion 182, 183, 187, 197–208, 212–13, 216–17, 533–4
on enclosure 234–5, 418, 420–21
local government and 67, 209
on mustering troops 210, 211, 421
neutralism in 219–22, 225
in towns 221–2
partisanship in 209, 216–17, 218–22, 231–2
local politics 419–26, 435–6
See also individual counties
Locke, John 203
London 115, 128, 137, 541
alehouses/taverns see alehouses/taverns brothels 115
C’s return to from Scotland, 1645 175–6, 178; his loss of control of 179–80; departure from 180, 181, 182
C’s advance on, 1642 247, 248–9, 266; 1643 290, 320, 321; 1644 328, 333
fortification of, 1643 268–9, 392–3, 392
government of 115, 117; See also Common Council of the City of London
as manufacturing centre 114
migration to 114, 115
monsters reported as being seen in 206–7
mortality rate 114
as parliamentarian 222, 224, 252
partisanship in 223, 473
peace movement 254; proposals sent to C, 1642 260–61
petitioning in 236, 254; Root and Branch petition 128–31
population levels 114
Presbyterian coup, 1647 491–2, 532
the Protestation, support for 144
public celebrations 120–21, 124
public disorder 93–4, 97, 115–17, 121, 135–7, 138, 178, 184–5, 293, 458, 480–85, 504, 532–3; army action gainst 501–2; on Newcastle propositions 500–502; Parliament’s attempt to control 496–7; by Presbyterians 480–81, 532; pro-royalist 532–3; at Smithfield, 1647 484–5
public opinion in, after Edgehill 254–5
radicalism 291–2, 458
religious life 115, 121, 137, 410;
Independent churches 410, 458, 486, 489
royalists in 254, 532–3
Southwark 115, 116, 121, 146, 501, 502
as trading centre 113–14
See also individual buildings and sites
London apprentices 103, 11, 406–7, 496
London Trained Bands 243, 248–9, 267, 290, 320, 374, 497, 561
London’s Account 484
Long Parliament, 1640–53 105–6, 113, 181, 183, 237
business 119, 120, 122–4, 142–3, 178–9, 186; private suits 123
C’s relationship with 139, 176, 179–80, 185, 186, 187–8; See also Five Members
Commons see Commons, House of
defence of: by army 209, 210; by London Trained Bands 561
dissolution 514, 519; difficulty of 118, 122, 316; Triennial Act 1641 and 132, 140, 499
elections to 118–19
as an executive body 181, 188, 192–3, 270–72, 323
Fast Days instituted 125–31, 143–8, 149, 161
financial issues 131–4, 140–41, 268–70
Grand Remonstrance, 1641 presented to 169–70, 175, 176, 195, 337, 525
as a Great Council 183, 188–9, 192
grievances presented 113, 117, 118, 119–20, 122, 141, 148–9
harvest recess, September 1641 148–9, 151, 155
Irish Parliament’s denunciation of Wentworth sent to 165
Irish rebellion, 1641 and 169–70
Junto group 125
Lords see Lords, House of
management/organization 122, 124, 126; committee structure 122–3, 271–2, 285, 323
members 118; See also John Pym below
New Model Army demand to purge eleven members, 1647 497, 498–9;
members readmitted 552
New Model Army coup, 1648 and 560–62, 563
Nineteen Propositions see Nineteen Propositions
ordinances issued 183, 187, 189, 270
peace negotiations see peace negotiations
political settlement, attempts to reach 120–21, 122–3, 148, 154–5, 158, 161, 187–8
preachers invited to address 124, 157
Presbyterian influence 477–8, 480–81, 492–3
Privy Council and 126–7, 140, 183
Protestation issued by see Protestation
John Pym as MP 125, 126–7, 131, 133, 139, 148, 160–61, 161, 169, 177, 183–4, 186, 189
religious reform/settlement, attempts to reach 113, 125–31, 143–8, 149, 161, 185–6, 193
Root and Branch proposals 130–31, 143, 145, 151, 226, 228
Ten Propositions 142, 183
Vow and Covenant imposed by, 1643 288, 293, 297
Lords, House of 186
C’s letter to, offering compromise settlement see Hampton Court proposals
Commons, relations with 131, 183, 186, 192–3, 248
function 123, 234
William Laud’s execution, attempt to prevent 360
in Long Parliament 123, 125, 126, 131–2, 183, 184, 186
No Addresses vote passed 524
opposition to 487; by New Model Army 554
peace negotiations see peace negotiations religion, defence of 145
Self-Denying Ordinance 1644 and 352, 353
See also Commons, House of; Parliament
Lords of the Congregation (Scottish Protestants) 12
Lostwithiel, battle of, 1644 332, 336, 349, 370
Loudoun, John Campbell, 1st Earl 92, 104, 520, 529
Louis XIII, Covenanters and 89, 90–91
Lucan (M. Annaeus Lucanus): Pharsalia, translated by Thomas May 54–5, 431, 582
Lucas, Sir Charles 230, 529
at siege of Colchester, 1648 541–2, 548; his execution following 548
Lucas, Sir John (brother of Sir Charles Lucas) 548
Ludlow 59, 204
Ludlow, Edmund 554
Lunsford, Colonel 178, 182, 215
Luther, Martin 6–7, 8
Lyme, siege of, 1643–4 312, 326, 327, 331
Maidstone, battle of, 1648 541
Malet, Justice 25
malignancy 275–7, 296, 314, 461–2
ordinances against 462
Mallow (Ireland), battle of, 1647 530
Manchester 216–17, 222, 398
Manchester, Edward Montagu, Lord
Mandeville and then 2nd Earl 105, 289, 314, 346, 503
criticism of 346, 347, 350, 351, 353; endorsed by Commons 350
Cromwell and 347, 350, 503
financial responsibilities 321–2
at Marston Moor 330, 331, 333
military expertise 350
at Newbury 333–4, 346
as a parliamentarian 326, 327, 336, 346, 450; loss of command 372
religious beliefs 314, 346
Manchester, Henry Montagu, 1st Earl 59, 105
Marie de Medici (Queen Mother) 94, 103, 138
Marprelate, Martin 442
Marriot, Thomas 218
Marshall, Samuel 255
Marshall, Stephen 124
Marston Moor, battle of, 1644 329–33, 347
casualties 330, 331, 362–3
Cromwell at 330, 347, 439
effects of 329, 331, 333, 336, 353, 362
Prince Rupert at 329, 347–8
Marten, Henry 257, 285, 297, 476, 518, 522, 537
No Addresses vote proposed by 510, 515, 524
Mary I (Mary Tudor) 19, 21
Mary, Princess (daughter of C) 577
Mary of Guise, Queen Regent of Scotland 12, 13
Massey, Sir Edward 290, 301, 327, 371, 374, 477, 491, 501
on the clubmen 415, 421
New Model Army’s charges against 498, 500
Maurice, Count of Nassau, Prince of Orange 244, 265, 287, 331, 388 at Lyme 318, 326
relationship with other commanders 284, 290
May, Thomas 121, 177, 248
The history of the parliament Of England… 582–5
Lucan: Pharsalia, translation of 54–5, 431, 582
Mayerne, Theodor 357
Maynwaring, Roger 48
McColla, Alastair 492
medical help, on the battlefield 246, 247, 390–91, 457–8
aftercare 391, 402, 408; cost of 402–3
Melville, Andrew 14, 15–16
Mercurius Aulicus 282, 332, 356, 358
An Answer to… 357, 358, 359
Mercurius Britannicus 266, 358
Mercurius Cambro-Britannicus 363
Mercurius Rusticus 231, 282–4, 303, 354
Mere 418
middling sort 57–8
in Scotland 32, 59, 62, 137
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl 235
Middleton, John 544
Midland Association 254
Midlands 75, 172, 225, 265, 266, 267, 396–7
See also individual counties
Mildmay, Sir Henry 533
Miles, Thomas 460
military strategy/tactics 228, 242–3, 266
action, constraints of 285
battle formations 244
codes of conduct 395–6
field armies 215–16, 223–5, 271
fortification 392–3, 392, 402, 402
inexperience in 244, 247
of Irish troops 317–18
laws of war 285, 300
parliamentarian 266, 271–2, 324, 327, 336–7, 346–7, 349–51, 370, 373
printed sources 242, 243
royalist 266, 284, 356, 374–5
sieges 391–4; See also individual sieges
skirmishing 391
military supplies/equipment 397–9, 400
for New Model Army 373, 398, 399, 400, 404
See also weapons/ordnance
militia
C’s mobilization of, by royal prerogative 81–2, 83, 84, 86, 106
demands made by, to Parliament 142–3
iconoclasm by 100–102, 215, 345
as local in sympathy 218
numbers of 84
officers 87, 243
Parliamentary control of 183, 192, 214–15, 465 in Prayer Book rebellion 4, 19, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87–8, 111; casualties 105; payment of 89, 91, 92, 96; in second campaign 89, 104–6
reform of 64, 65
religious beliefs 99–102, 101
training/weapons 87, 243
See also New Model Army; Trained Bands
Militia Ordinance 1642 186, 187, 192, 199, 210, 212, 297, 356
C’s rejection of 182, 187
implementation of 183, 192, 210, 211, 214, 219–20, 224, 268
millenarian beliefs 345, 454, 455, 464, 567–8
Milton, John 279, 341–3, 369, 440, 448, 460, 534
Aereopagitica… 342–3, 458
The doctrine and discipline of Divorce 341, 342, 409, 585, 587
Of Education 342, 343, 454
Samuel Hartlib and 454
on sectarianism 452
Mistris Parliament Brought to Bed… 534
Modbury, Battle of, 1643 264
Moderate Intelligencer 482–3, 485
Mohun, Lieutenant William 100, 101
monarchy
abolition of proposed 565
authority of the King 191
C’s perception of 24, 26, 122, 153–4, 161, 316, 468, 472, 474–6, 527
Cromwell’s defence of 510, 514–15, 562
dedate on xxiv, 108–9, 448–9, 466, 512
demystification of 475–6
hostility towards, at Putney debates 517–18
the King as God’s anointed 451
Parliament and 45, 46, 49, 54, 183, 188–90, 192–3, 196, 237, 323–4
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