by Lynne Cheney
Massachusetts:
and Constitutional Convention, 121, 139, 141
elections in, 262
and molasses trade, 189
and ratification, 169
revolutionary skirmishes in, 46–47, 48, 63
Shays’s Rebellion in, 119, 130, 135
and slavery, 214
Mathews, George, 376
Mattern, David B., 9
Mazzei, Philip, 67
Meade, Bishop William, 42
Mercer, John, 231–32
Merry, Anthony and Elizabeth, 313–16, 322–23, 337, 339, 361
Mexico, plan to invade, 336
Minor, George, 403–4, 405, 417
Mississippi River:
free navigation of, 2, 84–85, 111, 113, 120–21, 122–23, 124, 157, 169, 174–75, 182, 247, 259–61, 304–5
and Louisiana Purchase, 307
Missouri Compromise, 431–33
Mitchill, Samuel, 344–45, 346, 386
Molyneux, Thomas, 33
Moncure, Henry, 456, 457
Monroe, James, 97, 114, 175, 177, 245
and Adams, 272–73
as candidate for Congress, 184, 185–86, 238
death of, 450
as governor of Virginia, 280–81, 305
and Hamilton, 235, 237, 272
and land speculation, 115–16
and Louisiana Purchase, 307–8, 310
Madison as counselor to, 272–73
and Madisons’ furnishings, 266, 270–71, 305
Madison’s letters to, 117, 124, 216, 256, 257, 450
as minister to France, 249, 251, 269–70, 281, 305, 307
as minister to Great Britain, 315, 332–33, 335, 339–41, 369
as minister to Spain, 305, 329
and Mississippi navigation, 259
and money matters, 305, 345
presidency of, 222, 426
and presidential elections, 236, 263, 335, 345–46, 350, 369, 423, 426
reputation of, 272
as secretary of state, 369, 373, 387, 394
and War of 1812, 375, 376, 401, 406, 407, 411, 412, 414, 417, 418
Montague, Peter, 13
Montesquieu, baron de, 21, 76, 124
Montgomery Court House, 410
Monticello, 104, 205, 263, 270
Montlezun, baron de, 422, 424–25
Montpelier (Madison’s home):
daily routine in, 110–11
farming at, 270, 396, 429–31
financial troubles of, 449–50, 456
income from, 114, 116, 270, 306
isolation of, 33, 105, 111, 242
and James senior, 243, 252, 253, 270, 271, 293, 430
library of, 15, 36, 37, 38, 117
and Madison estate, 293–94
restoration/renovations of, 9, 270–71, 286, 358–59
retreat to, 262, 265–66, 270, 271, 392, 396, 421, 423–25, 427
sale of, 456, 457
sale of lands, 440, 449
slaves at, 271–72, 441, 449, 452, 455, 456
socializing in, 104, 203, 359, 424
travel by steamboat to, 427
Moore, William, 55, 56
Morgan, Daniel, 87
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 381
Morris, Gouverneur, 128–29, 140, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 318
Morris, Robert, 125, 138, 202, 203, 218
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 5, 7
Muhlenberg, Frederick, 188–89, 261
Murray, William Vans, 279–80, 286
Napoleonic Wars, end of, 430
Nassau Hall (Princeton), 22–33, 225
National Gazette, 229, 231, 232–33, 234, 235, 240, 241
National Intelligencer, 295, 343, 354, 356–57, 359, 362, 385, 397, 418
Nelson, Lord Horatio, 332
Nelson, Roger, 363, 364
Nelson, Thomas, 58
New England:
and Canada, 375–76
and capital city location, 201–2
and elections, 287, 318
Federalists in, 416
and Hartford Convention, 415–16, 417–18, 420
and northern confederacy, 311
and slavery, 214
and tax withholding proposal, 418
and trade embargoes, 247, 350, 351, 379, 394, 396
and War of 1812, 379–81, 382–83, 389, 395, 415–16
New Hampshire:
and Constitutional Convention, 136
and ratification, 166, 178
and Sedition Act, 283
New Jersey:
and Constitutional Convention, 133, 134, 135, 139, 141
Continental army in, 64, 65, 78, 86–87
mutiny in, 87
and taxes, 116
New Orleans:
and Louisiana Territory, 305, 307–8
and Mississippi River, 304–5
and Revolution, 66
and War of 1812, 414, 417, 418–19, 421
Newton, Sir Isaac, 5, 28
New York:
and bank speculation, 226
as capital of U.S., 182, 186, 187
and Constitutional Convention, 121, 133, 139
elections in, 262, 286, 287, 316
Federal Hall in, 187, 188, 210
and impost amendment, 95, 116
Jefferson and Madison’s travel to, 223–25
and land speculation, 210–11
and location of permanent capital, 201, 202, 218
and ratification, 157, 158, 178, 181–82
Revolutionary War battles in, 63, 64
and War of 1812, 395, 413–14
New York Independent Journal, 156
New York Journal, 163
Nicholas, George, 108, 169, 170
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, 108, 351, 415–16, 442
Nicholson, Joseph, 334, 335
Non-importation Act (1806), 334, 335, 343
Nonintercourse Act (1809), 352, 356, 366
North American Review, 446
North Carolina:
and Constitutional Convention, 139, 141
and ratification, 182
and slavery, 148
and statehood, 194, 201
and taxes, 116
Northwest Territory, 419
Norton, John, 15
Ohio River, and land claims, 66–67, 85, 393
Orange County Committee of Safety, 46, 47, 48–49, 55
Origen, 31
Osgood, David, 379
Pacificus (pseud.), 241
Page, John, 78, 186
Paine, Thomas, 39, 308
Common Sense, 52–53, 58
Palladio, Andrea, 270, 286
Paracelsus, 17
Parish, Rev. Elijah, 389
Paterson, William, 133, 135, 136, 139, 141, 231
Paulding, James K., 434–35
Payne, Anna (Cutts), 248, 250, 253, 254, 271, 294, 306; see also Cutts, Anna Payne
Payne, John, 248
Payne, Lucy, 402, 456
Payne, Mary, 248, 346
Peale, Charles Willson, 89
Pemberton, Betsy, 331
Pemberton, John, 213, 214
Pendleton, Edmund, 107, 109, 202, 284
background of, 56
and Constitution, 171, 182, 200
Madison’s correspondence with, 82–83, 87, 91, 121–22
and Virginia Assembly, 46, 64
and Virginia Convention, 55–57, 59, 60–61
Pennsylvania:
and capital city location, 202, 203, 218
and Constitutional Convention, 125, 126, 131, 132, 139, 141
and elections, 264, 265, 284
farmers in, 220, 250–51
and Jay Treaty, 260–61
militia of, 48, 251, 417
and Mississippi navigation, 261
and ratification, 171
Revolution in, 64–65
Whiskey Rebellion in, 250–52
Pennsylvania Abolition Society, 212
Pennsylvania Packet, 80
Perry,
Oliver Hazard, 300, 393, 394
Peters, Richard, 196, 199, 345–46
Peterson, Merrill, 71
Philadelphia:
and bank speculation, 226
and capital city location, 415
City Troop of, 125
Congress’s flight from, 64–65
Constitutional Convention in, 7, 124
Continental Congress in, 45, 47, 48, 60, 75, 101, 121
Gray’s Tavern outside of, 140–41
Independence Hall, 24
Indian Queen in, 140
Madison’s residence in, 1–2, 220
newspapers in, 223, 226, 234, 255
Second Continental Congress in, 47, 48
yellow fever in, 243–44, 245
Philadelphia Gazette, 357
Phillips, William, 69, 90
Physick, Philip Syng, 328–29, 331
Pichon, Louis, 301, 302
Pickering, Timothy, 345
and Adams presidency, 256, 287
censureship of, 368
and Continental army, 79
Federalist views of, 280, 311, 347, 362, 389
Pierce, William, 3, 127, 132
Pike, Zebulon, 388
Pinckney, Charles (cousin), 132, 289, 304, 305, 350–51
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 148–49, 287, 288, 289, 349, 350
Pinckney, Thomas, 259, 263–64, 278, 289
Pinckney Treaty, 259–61, 263
Pinkney, William, 339, 364, 383
Pittsburgh Gazette, 261
Plato, 165
Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 32
Plumer, William, 311, 316, 325, 329, 333, 336, 344, 348
political parties:
and elections, see presidential elections
founding of, 8, 236–37
peaceful transfer of power between, 295
see also Federalists; Republican Party
Polk, Charles Peale, 16, 297
Polk, James K., 146
Polly, 43
Porter, Charles, 65
Porter, Peter, 373, 374, 375
Potomac River:
commerce on, 113, 117
location of capital city on, 202, 218–19, 220, 296, 409
and War of 1812, 392, 399, 405–6, 410, 411
president:
as commander in chief, 8, 145
powers of, 190–91, 242, 258, 298, 299, 366, 367, 392, 397
presidential elections:
election of 1788, 182–83, 185, 186–87
election of 1792, 233–34, 236–37
election of 1796, 262–65, 278, 284, 286
election of 1800, 278, 279, 280, 283–84, 285–87, 288, 289–92, 295, 316, 318
election of 1804, 316–19
election of 1808, 317, 335, 344–52, 369
election of 1812, 384–85
election of 1816, 423, 426
election of 1828, 445
press, freedom of, 155, 198, 252, 283
Prevost, Sir George, 385, 413
Priestley, Joseph, 45
Princeton:
Battle of, 65, 91
Congress meeting in, 101
Princeton University:
Madison’s bequest to, 455
Madison’s studies at, 22–33, 225
natural philosophy (science) in, 28–29
Publius (Valerius Publicola), 156–58, 163
Quakers:
antislavery views of, 212–15, 432
and Dolley Payne Madison, 248, 249–50, 271
and elections, 264–65
Quincy’s Dispensatory, 17–18
Raisin River, Battle of, 381–82, 393
Randall, Henry, 70
Randolph, Edmund, 62, 92, 101, 105, 225
as attorney general, 208
and constitutional amendments, 200
and Constitutional Convention, 118, 128, 129, 132, 134, 135, 141, 149, 151
and Continental Congress, 75
and financial matters, 75, 81, 114
as governor of Virginia, 158, 166
and ratification, 158, 166, 169, 171–72, 182
as secretary of state, 247, 255
and treaty with Britain, 255–57
Vindication, 256–57
and Virginia Convention, 56–58, 60
Randolph, John (the Tory), 56, 71
Randolph, John of Roanoke, 374, 391
and Chase trial, 325–27
and elections, 345, 346–47
enmity toward Madison, 324–27, 331, 333–35, 347
and Madison’s presidency, 355, 357, 363–64, 366, 423
oratorical style of, 324, 325, 326, 334, 335
Stuart’s portrait of, 323
and trade restrictions, 331, 334, 335, 366
and Yazoo landgrab, 324–25, 347
Randolph, Peyton, 46
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 293
Randolph, Virginia Jefferson, 441
Read, George, 129
Reagan, Ronald, 146
religion:
deism, 28, 30, 42
and epilepsy, 6, 30–32, 36, 40, 72
freedom of, 6, 40, 59–60, 63–64, 72, 108–10, 123–24, 155, 167–68, 195, 198, 253
and heresy, 42
“Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments,” 108–9
and miracles, 28, 30, 32, 36, 42
objection to supernatural parts of the Bible, 28, 36, 42
separation of state and, 41, 42, 64, 109–10
Rensselaer, Stephen Van, 382
Report of 1800, 282–84
Republican Citizens of Baltimore, 429
Republican Party:
and Adams presidency, 273, 274–76, 277, 279, 303
and elections, 236, 262–65, 284, 286, 287, 289, 290–92, 295, 317–18, 319, 346–47, 348
formation of, 236–37
and immigrants, 274
and Jay Treaty, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262
and Jefferson presidency, 303
and Madison presidency, 368, 379
and trade embargo, 351
and War of 1812, 374, 395
and Washington presidency, 242, 243, 247, 251, 252
Reynolds, James, 237, 272
Rhode Island:
and Constitutional Convention, 126, 139
currency of, 124
and impost amendment, 95
and ratification, 159, 166
and statehood, 194, 201
Richmond Enquirer, 347
Richmond Recorder, 308
Rittenhouse, David, 27–28
Rivington, James, 48–49
Roane, Spencer, 177, 434
Robertson, Donald, 21–22, 280
Robinson, Moses, 224
Rochambeau, comte de, 82
Rodgers, John, 370
Rodney, Caesar, 360, 365
Rodney, Thomas, 89, 90
Rogers, David, 66
Roman Republic, founders of, 157
Rose, Frances Madison (sister), 439
Ross, Joe, 35–36
Ross, Robert, 403, 413
Royal Gazette, 77
Rule of 1756, 330
Rush, Benjamin, 88, 213, 222
Rush, Richard, 392, 406, 407, 409, 424, 430
Russell, Jonathan, 395
Rutledge, John, 120
Saint Domingue, 301, 304, 307
Salem Gazette, 389
Saratoga, Battle of, 66, 68, 79, 80, 82, 224
Savannah, British capture of, 68
Sawney (slave), 23, 225
Schuyler, Elizabeth, 237
Schuyler, Philip, 223
Scott, John Morin, 80
Scott, Thomas, 201
Scott, Winfield, 382, 394, 398
Second Bank of the United States, 423
Sedgwick, Theodore, 198, 209, 214, 216, 246, 279, 290
Sedition Act, see Alien and Sedition Acts
Sérurier, Louis, 387
Sharp, Solomon, 396
Shays’s Rebellion, 119, 130, 135, 159, 216
S
herman, Roger, 130, 133, 136, 146, 147, 194, 196–97
Shippen, Peggy, 80
Shippen, Thomas Lee, 219
Short, William, 105, 114
Shulman, Holly C., 10
Sioussat, Jean-Pierre, 408
Skeen, C. Edward, 400
slavery, 212–15
abolitionists, 212, 248, 432
and colonization plans, 214, 433, 441
and Constitutional Convention, 137, 148–49
dower slaves, 452
euphemisms for, 149
“federal consensus” on, 212–14
Illinois “black code,” 441
income from slave labor, 115, 431
insurrection feared, 50, 213, 302
and Madison family, 13–14, 15, 19, 36, 94
and Missouri Compromise, 431–33
as moral issue, 94
and racial mixing, 225
and Revolution, 50–51, 52
three-fifths rule, 94–95, 148
in Virginia, 13–14, 37, 40, 61, 72, 148, 212, 431, 449
Smith, Adam, 211
Smith, James, 409
Smith, Margaret Bayard, 295, 354–55, 359, 411
Smith, Robert, 355–56, 360, 361–63, 368–69
Smith, Samuel (senator), 334–35, 355, 412–13
Smith, Samuel Harrison, 308, 348, 359
Smith, Samuel Stanhope, 3, 30, 63
Smith, Walter, 403–4
Smith, William Loughton, 213, 214, 218
Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, 231
Society of the Cincinnati, 119–20, 145
Soloman, Haym, 81
Sons of Liberty, 27
South Carolina:
British occupation of, 84
and Constitutional Convention, 139, 141
and Mississippi River, 84, 85
and nullification, 447
and ratification, 166–67, 172
Revolutionary War battles in, 79, 82, 87
and slavery, 148–49, 212–13, 214, 215
Spain:
and Britain, 323, 332, 367
and Burr conspiracy, 336–37
and Floridas, 310, 323, 329–31, 333, 339
and France, 84–85, 111–13, 329, 367, 376
and Mississippi River, 2, 84–85, 111, 120–21, 122, 169, 247, 259–61, 304–5
and New Orleans, 302, 304–5
Pinckney Treaty with, 259–61, 263
Sparks, Jared, 451
Spectator, 2, 15, 19, 24, 431, 438–39
speech, freedom of, 198, 252, 274–77, 383
Spencer, Joseph, 167
Spotswood, Alexander, 12
Stagg, J. C. A., 9
Stamp Act (1765), 22, 26, 45, 46
State Department, creation of, 190
Stevenson, Andrew, 434
Stewart, Charles, 385
Story, Joseph, 382–83
Stuart, Archibald, 175, 176–77
Stuart, Gilbert, 321–23, 435
Supreme Court, U.S.:
creation of, 192
and Georgia Repeal Act, 325
judicial review, 312, 447
McCulloch v. Maryland, 434
Marbury v. Madison, 311–13
roles of, 282
sessions of, 303
and treason, 338
