Landis, James M., 122
Larouche, Lyndon, 294
Laxalt, Paul, 162–65, 286
Leach, Jim, 278, 328
Legal Tender Acts, xii, 30–35, 48, 50
Legal Tender cases, 49–52, 113, 118, 123, 344
Lehrman, Lewis, 295, 297
Lend-Lease Act, 129
Liberty Bonds, 6–7, 101, 114, 118
Lincoln, Abraham, 1, 29, 31, 49, 50, 321, 344
Lindbergh, Charles, 106
Linderman, Henry Richard, 346
Lippmann, Walter, 125
Littlefield, Henry, 74
London gold market:
closure and reopening of, 211, 213
and devaluation of the pound, 199
“gentlemen’s understanding” with, 150
gold sales through, 157
and price of gold, 141–47, 152, 214
London Gold Pool, xiii, 151, 195, 199–200, 205, 207–8, 212–13
Lugar, Richard, 303
Lusitania, 78
MacLean, Angus, 119
Madison, James, 15
Magnuson, Warren, 169
Mansfield, Mike, 208–9, 248
Marine Diamond Corporation, 184
markets, effects of news on, 47–48
Markey, Edward, 280
Marshall, John, 124
Martin, William McChesney, 151, 181, 197, 208, 209
Marxism, 218, 219
Mason, Richard Barnes, 21
McAdoo, William G., 79
McCaffrey, Neil, 218
McCarran, Pat, 134, 136
McClure, James, 258, 263, 265, 267
McCracken, Paul W., 231, 235, 237
McCulloch, Hugh, 18
McCulloch v. Maryland, 16
McFadden, Louis, 100
McGovern, George S., 169, 209, 234, 248
McKinley, William, 69–70, 72
McNamara, Robert S., 206, 264
McReynolds, James C., 125, 133
Meltzer, Allan, 231, 294
Mexico:
immigrants from, 22
US war with, 1, 6, 28, 29
Meyer, Eugene I., 84, 100
Military Airborne Command, 196
Mills, Ogden L., 83
mining:
environmental destruction in, 22, 304, 336
and land ownership, 20–21
and strikes, 240–41
see also gold mining; silver
Mises, Ludwig von, 220
Moley, Raymond, 88, 93, 94
money, see currency
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 59–60, 63, 70, 75, 77–78, 323
Morgenthau, Henry, 88, 102–3, 112, 120–22, 128, 130
Morrill, Justin, 33
Muskie, Edmund S., 234
National Banking Act (1863), 14
National Cordage Company, 57
National Recovery Act, 111
National Review, 216, 218
National Taxpayers Union, 292
Neutrality Acts (1935), 128
Nevada, xi, 21, 22, 304
New Deal, 89, 93, 105, 107–8, 119, 126, 153
Newman’s Silver Shop, Reno, 161
Newmont Mining Corporation, 137, 304
newspapers, “fake news” in, 54–55, 107
New York Mercantile Exchange, 249–50
New York Times, 43, 50, 120, 121, 189
Nixon, Richard M., 146–47, 226
“benign neglect” of, 231–33
closing the gold window, xiii, 227, 229–31, 236, 243, 244–49, 294–95
resignation of, 268–69
and wage-price freeze, 40, 235, 237, 238–41
Nixon administration, 235–45, 249, 256–57, 260, 262–66, 268, 270, 279, 281, 308
Norman, Montagu, 104
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, 117
North Carolina, gold rush in, xi, 4–5, 287
Nortz v. United States, 118
Obama administration, 312, 313, 316, 318
Objectivist, The, 217, 259
O’Leary, Paul M., 346
OPEC, 264
Operation Goldfinger, xiii, 167, 170–71, 180–93, 196, 304
Overstreet, Jesse, 72
Pacific Coast Coin Exchange (PCCE), 224, 250–53, 314
Pacific Mail Company, 24
Paine, Thomas, 220
Panic of 1837, 17
Panic of 1857, 27–28
Panic of 1893, 57–58, 114, 322, 327
Panic of 1907, 77–79, 322
paper money, see currency
Par Value Modification Act (1972), 258
Patman, Wright, 256, 258
Patterson, Floyd, 155
Paul, Ron, 294–95, 296, 310, 316–17, 326
Pearson, Drew, 139
Pelikan, Robert, 357
Pentagon Papers, 230
Perry v. United States, 118, 124
Pick, Franz, 156–57, 216, 224, 250–51
Pizarro, Francisco, 2
Polk, Frank, gold statue by, 140, 162
Polk, James K., 1–2
Pompidou, Georges, 261
populism, 55, 61, 64, 76, 113, 126–27, 133, 134, 308, 320, 322, 329–30, 332–33
Populist movement, 55, 75, 80, 108–9, 347
Populist Party, 74, 80
Porter, Sylvia, 253
precious-metal trading, 307
presidential elections:
of 1832, 17
of 1896, 65–70, 73
of 1912, 80
of 1932, 84–85, 95
of 1952, 137–38
of 1960, 143–47, 148, 171, 238
of 1964, 257
of 1968, 231, 234
of 1972, 233–34, 238, 248
of 1976, 283, 285
of 1980, 291, 292, 298
of 2012, 317–18
and inaugurations, 87
presidential powers, 47, 91, 99, 101, 105–6, 116, 204
progressivism, 67–68
Project Plowshare, 186–92
Project Sloop, 188–90, 191
Proxmire, William, 284, 299
Public Credit Act (1869), 39
Pullman Strike (1894), 58
Putin, Vladimir, 326
railroads:
bankruptcies of, 57, 58
expansion of, 48
financing of, 23–24, 76, 114, 117
investors in, 27, 38
Ralston, William, 346
Ramaphosa, Cyril, 281
Rand, Ayn, 217, 259, 286, 299
Ratner, Sidney, 113
Reagan, Ronald, 281, 286, 291, 294, 298, 299, 309, 329
Reagan administration, 296, 298–99, 301–2, 307–8, 309
“Reagan Revolution,” 308
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), 102–3, 104–5
Rees, Thomas, 266
Regan, Donald, xiv, 292–93, 294, 299
Republican Party:
conservative arm of, 132, 138, 216, 257, 267, 272–73, 285–87, 299, 308, 334
and conspiracy theories, 272, 316
and economic orthodoxy, 108–9, 114, 152, 292, 299
and 1898 elections, 71
and FDR, 105–6, 108
and Fox News, 312–13
free-market, 235, 288, 289
and gold cover, 210
gold populism in, 329–30, 332
and gold price, 303
and gold standard, xiii–xiv, 42, 64, 70, 71–72, 82, 83, 108, 136, 138, 291–300, 302, 308–9, 311, 317, 319–21, 326, 328–29
and libertarian ideals, 259
and monetarism, 293, 309
and 1952 campaign, 137–38
and 1960 campaign, 146–47
and 1968 campaign, 234
and 1972 campaign, 233–34
and 1980 campaign, 291–92, 298
“Old Right” in, 308
party identity, 48–49
and postwar economic growth, 131–32
and “Reagan Revolution,” 308
on restoring the past, 332
and silver, 56, 64
and
Tea Party, 318, 331, 333
and 2012 campaign, 317–18
Reuss, Henry, 236, 279
Rickards, James, 324, 325
Rickenbacker, William F., 218–19
Roberts, Ellis H., 72–73, 75
Rockefeller, David, 272
Rockefeller, John D., 75, 77, 86
Rockefeller family, 272
Rogers, Will, 106
Romney, Mitt, 317
“Roosa bonds,” 179
Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
comparisons with, 214, 243, 244, 248–49, 269, 289
and elections, 85, 87, 91, 135, 148
and gold-clause cases, 112, 113, 116, 118, 121, 123–25, 284, 323
and gold confiscation, 86, 88–99, 107, 216, 314
manipulating the markets, 120–21, 125–26, 152
and monetary policy, 126–28, 132, 133
opposition to, 107–9
and preludes to World War II, 129
and Supreme Court, 112–13, 121, 123
taking US off gold standard, xii, 87–109, 112, 116, 215
Roosevelt, Theodore, 75, 78
Root, Elihu, 79
Rostow, Eugene, 186, 248
Rostow, Walter, 207
Roth, William, 307, 308
Rothbard, Murray, 293, 295, 342
What Has Government Done to Our Money?, 217–18, 219–20, 224
Rothschild, N. M., 141, 142
Rothschild banks, 59, 65
Rousselot, John, 273
Rueff, Jacques, 295
Rusk, Dean, 211
Sachs, Alexander, 116, 123, 185–86, 187, 190
Safire, William, 239, 244
Salant, Walter S., 104
San Francisco, and gold rush, 18–19
San Francisco earthquake and fire, 77
Schiff, Jacob, 76
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., 105
Schwartz, Anna J., 98, 293, 295
Scott, Paul, 242
Seaborg, Glenn, 190–91
Searls, Fred, Jr., 137
Second Bank of the United States, 14, 16, 25
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 122, 250–52, 307
Segermark, Howard, 284–85, 287, 288
Seyd, Ernest, 54
Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890), 56
Shreve & Company, San Francisco, 162, 163
Shultz, George P., 235, 241–43, 261, 263, 264, 299
silver:
coins, 13, 52–53, 177, 215, 218–19, 249–53, 262, 336
and Comstock Lode, xi, 52
demonetization of, xii, 52–54, 72, 216
and gold exchange rate, 33
gold vs., 58, 63–72, 113
government subsidy of, 168
market for, 215–16, 249–50, 305, 307
production of, 52, 55, 107
and western states, 55, 56, 72, 100, 126, 132
silver movement, 55, 56, 65, 74
silver standard, 53–55
Simon, William P., 262–63, 265, 268, 272–73, 276, 284, 285, 287
Six-Day War, 198
Skousen, Mark, 218
slavery, 12, 35, 41
“Smith, Adam,” 253
Smith, Fred B., 182–83
Smith, Frederick, 133
Smith, Jerome, 306
Smith, Martin, 100
Smithsonian Agreement (1971), 258, 260
Smoot, Dan, 152
Snell, Bertrand, 94
Snowden, James Ross, 346
Solarz, Stephen, 280–81, 301
Sorenson, Theodore C., 171
South Africa:
apartheid regime of, 236, 278–81, 301–3
Boer War in, 6, 75
gold discovered in, xii, 71
as gold producer, xiv, 129, 143, 145–46, 168, 184, 207, 213, 236, 276, 279, 300–304, 335
Krugerrands, see Krugerrand coins
US sanctions against, 302–4
Southard, Frank, 152–53
Soviet Union:
and Cold War, 134, 141, 174–75
gold in, 130, 168, 174, 276, 365
gold sales by, 143
Spain, “pieces of eight,” 13
Spaulding, Elbridge, 31–32, 33
Specie Resumption Act (1875), 56
Starlifters (C-141s), 195–96, 199
Stassen, Harold E., 138
states:
banks chartered by, 17, 25, 30
and hard money, 35, 333
powers of, 12, 15–16, 33, 35
Steagall, Henry, 94
Stein, Herb, 244
Stephens, Don and Barbie, 222, 223
Stewart, William, 346
Stockman, David, 291
stock market crash (1929), 82–83
Stone, Harlan, 119
Strange, Susan, 151, 326
Sumner, Charles, 33
Supreme Court, US:
on banking, 16
Dred Scott decision, 27, 52
gold-clause cases, 111–13, 116, 117–27, 289
on income tax, 52
Legal Tender cases, 49–52, 113, 118, 123
and New Deal, 126
number of justices in, 51, 113, 120
Swiss banks, 143, 146, 152, 210, 221–22, 325
Switzerland, on gold standard, 96, 325
Symms, Steven, 286
Taft, Robert A., 137–38, 308
Taney, Roger B., 49
taxation, 15, 28, 29, 242, 274, 292
Tea Party, 318, 331, 333
Teller, Edward, 186–87
terHorst, Jerry, 269
Thaler, Richard, 327
Third Great Awakening, 2, 23
Thomas, Elmer, 120
Thompson, Fred, 312
Thurman, Allen G., 54
Thurmond, Strom, 210
Toronto Stock Exchange, 158
Trading with the Enemy Act (1917), 90, 91, 99, 243
Treasury, US:
changing the rules, 137, 249
closing the gold window, 247
and contraction policy for greenbacks, 39, 56
establishment of, 17
and Fort Knox, 111, 128
and gold-clause cases, 112, 117–18, 122, 125, 285, 287, 290–91
and gold confiscation order, 93, 96–99, 102
and gold cover, 208–9
gold outflow from, 57, 59, 84, 150, 175, 193, 196, 199–200, 207, 227, 272
gold purchased by, 102–3, 107, 149, 212
gold reserve of, 56–57, 71–73, 75, 79, 81, 82, 83, 115, 121, 127, 206, 209, 227, 259, 273, 322–23
gold sold by, xii, 40, 43, 46, 155, 212, 271, 273, 300
gold window of, 150
independence of, 32
and international markets, 122, 213, 275
minting coins, see US Mint
notes issued by, xi, xii, 30, 34
and Operation Goldfinger, 182–83, 185
and panics, 322
and private gold ownership, 215, 256, 260, 263, 270, 298
“Trent Affair,” 30
Triffin, Robert, 175–76, 327–28
Trowbridge, Alexander, 203
True, James, 108–9
Truman, Harry S., 136
Trump, Donald J., 3, 317
Trust Company of America, 78
Udall, Stewart, 181
United Nations (UN), 278
United States:
agrarian interests in, 35
balance-of-payment problems of, xiii, 144, 149–54, 171–75, 177–80, 198, 201–4, 206, 209, 227, 231–32, 326
dollar, see currency; US dollar
drought in (1930), 83
gold consumption in, 335
as gold producer, see gold mining
growth vs. party loyalty in, 48
industrial cities in, 35
post–Civil War unity of, 40–41
and preludes to World War II, 129
public debt, 34, 41–42, 132, 264, 286, 329
trade deficit, 229–30, 237, 276
troops abroad, 150
Un
ited States Mail Steamship Company, 25
United States of America v. One Solid Gold Object in Form of a Rooster, 163–65, 286
Updike, John, Rabbit is Rich, 278
US dollar:
and Bretton Woods system, 131
defined, xi, 56
delinking gold from, 179, 192, 200, 206–7, 208–15, 223, 227, 229–31, 235, 247–48, 323
devaluation of, xii, xiii, 93, 101, 116, 127, 132, 216, 237–38, 247, 258, 260
fixed value for, xiv, 3, 121
floating against other currencies, 6, 228, 235, 241
as global reserve currency, 319
“good as gold,” 172
government management of, 99, 101, 105, 115, 121, 126
inflation of, 133, 177
as medium of exchange, 214
metallic basis for, 3, 6, 334
US Mint:
gold coins from, xiv, 53, 278, 282, 298, 300, 302, 331, 333–34, 335
role of, 52
Utah Precious Metals Association, 333
Van Buren, Martin, 17
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 25
Vietnam War, 7, 171, 172, 178–79, 201, 203, 205, 206, 209, 214, 232, 234–35, 264
Volcker, Paul A., 227–31, 235–37, 242–43, 245–46, 261–62
Wallace, George, 234
Wanniski, Jude, 291
war:
economic effects of, 7, 28–30, 34–35, 81–82, 130–32, 201, 325
funding for, 6–7, 31–33, 34, 40, 119, 321–22
Warburg, James, 101, 108
Warburg, Paul M., 91
Ward, Barbara, 205–6, 207, 211, 223
War of 1812, 28
Warren, George, 88, 89
Washington, George, 11–12, 13
Watergate, 231, 239, 242, 264, 272
Weidenbaum, Murray, 293, 299
Weiner, Anthony, 313–14
Weiss, Samuel, 270, 274
Whig Party, 2, 14
White, Harry, 130
Whitney, William C., 65
Wilson, Harold, 195, 198, 205, 211, 223
Wilson, Thomas, 164
Wilson, Woodrow, 70, 80
Woodin, William H., 92, 93, 103
World Bank, 131, 133, 263–65, 284, 336
World War I:
economic effects of, 81–82
funding for, 6–7, 101, 114
gold standard abandoned in, xii, 81–82
World War II:
economic effects of, xiii, 80, 130–32, 325
looted gold in, 130
postwar economic growth, 131–32, 144
preludes to, 80, 127, 128–29
US as arsenal of democracy in, 129–30, 175
war debts of, 129–30
Wyatt, Walter, 93
Wylie, Chalmers P., 294
OTHER BOOKS BY JAMES LEDBETTER
Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower
and the Military-Industrial Complex
The Great Depression: A Diary (coeditor)
Dispatches for the New York Tribune: Selected
Journalism of Karl Marx
Made Possible By . . . : The Death of Public
Broadcasting in the United States
One Nation Under Gold Page 42
