by Ian Kershaw
withdrawal from
Lebensraum
and eastward expansion
military successes in 1942
naval treaty with Britain (1935)
Olympic Games (1936)
and Pact of Steel
public opinion
rearmament
Reich Cabinet
Reichskristallnacht (1938)
and risks of war on two fronts
Security Police
and Soviet Union
anti-Bolshevism
economic reasons to attack
ideological reasons for attack
invasion of
strategic reasons to attack
and Treaty of Locarno
and United States
anti-American propaganda
avoidance of provocation (1939–41)
perception of American support for Allies
pre-war relations with United States
and prospect of war with United States
reaction to attack on Pearl Harbor
Weimar Republic
western offensive: advance on Dunkirk
and defeat of France
invasion of Belgium
see also
German army; German navy; Hitler, Adolf; Luftwaffe;
Operation Sealion Gibraltar
German plans to take
Goebbels, Joseph
on Atlantic Charter
and declaration of war on United States
and extermination of Jews
and Japan
and Pearl Harbor
on Roosevelt
Golikov, General Filip, Soviet military intelligence
Göring, Hermann, Luftwaffe Commander-in-Chief
and Dunkirk offensive
and Jews
Gort, General Lord, commander of BEF
Grandi, Dino, Fascist leader in Bologna
Graziani, Marshal Rodolfo, chief of Italian army staff
in north Africa
Grazzi, Emanuele, Italian ambassador in Athens
Great Britain
and American aid
and American lend-lease agreement
appeal to America for destroyers
and appeasement
army see
British Expeditionary
Force (BEF)
Cabinet discussion
decision to stay in war
declaration of war on Germany
economic weakness
and Greece: guarantees to (and Romania)
intervention in
and Italian invasion
intelligence
military weakness
and Mussolini
naval treaty with Germany
pessimism about Red Army
and Poland
policy towards Japan
and possibility of alliance with Stalin
possibility of negotiated peace
risks entailed
propect of invasion
public opinion
and Churchill’s ‘never surrender’ speech
mood of pessimism (May 1940)
significance of Mediterranean to
urgency of rearmamen
war aims (1939)
see also
British Empire; Churchill,
Winston; War Cabinet
‘Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere’
as fundamental to Japanese policy
Greece British as guarantors of independence
British intervention
civil war
effect of Italian fiasco on German war
German occupation
Helli
incident
Italian invasion
Greek forces, underestimation of
Greenland
Greenwood, Arthur, Minister without Portfolio in War Cabinet
Greer, USS, encounter with U-boat
Greiser, Arthur, head of Gau Wartheland
Grew, Joseph C., American ambassador in Tokyo
and Japanese decision for war
meeting with Konoe
and proposed meeting of Konoe and Roosevelt
Guadacanal, battle of
Guadalajara, Italian defeat at (1937)
Guilty Men
Guzzoni, General Alfredo, Italian commander in Albania
Hainan Island
Halder, Colonel-General Franz, chief of German army General Staff
and invasion of Soviet Union
and Japanese entry into war
Halifax, Lord, British Foreign Secretary
and American occupation of
Iceland
and appeal to Roosevelt
and approach to Mussolini
broadcast speech on intention to
fight on
meeting with Bastianini
relations with Churchill
on Roosevelt’s Greer
speech
search for alternatives to fighting
Hanfstaengl, Ernst
Hara Yoshimichi, president of Japanese Privy Council
Harnack, Arvid (the ‘Corsican’)
German communist agent
Harvey, Oliver, British embassy in Paris
Hata Shunroku, Japanese Army Minister
Haushofer, Karl
Hess, Rudolf
Heydrich, Reinhardas architect of ‘final solution’
and deportations
and gas chambers
and ‘Jewish Question’
and Soviet Jews
and Wannsee Conference
Higashikuni, Prince
Hillmann, Sidney, Amalgamated Clothing Workers
Himmler, Heinrich, head of SS
as architect of ‘final solution’
and deportations of Jews
and elimination of Jews
and gas chambers
and Soviet Jews
Hindenburg, Paul von, President of Germany
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan
and decision for war
and ‘Essentials’ plan for war
opposition to war with America
and possibility of negotiated settlement with America
powers of
and proposed meeting of Konoe with Roosevelt
and resignation of Konoe
Hiroshima
Hitler, Adolfaddress to party leaders (December 1941)
alternatives open to
and Britain
admiration for Lloyd George
and effect of decision to fight on
and invasion of
and need to remove from war
notion of continental block against
‘peace offer’ to (October 1939)
view of British Empire
character and motivations: ambitions
antisemitism
as gambler
ideological
megalomania
preoccupation with secrecy
racism
fear of conflagration in Balkans
foreign policy: from
from
and France: armistice terms Pétain
and Franco
as head of state
nature of dictatorship
and Italian entry into war
and Italian invasion of Greece
and Japan
Japanese attack on Singapore
Japanese intentions
‘no-separate-peace’ agreement
optimism about
and Oshima
and visit of Matsuoka
and war on Soviet Union
and Jews: antisemitism
blamed for all ills
and ‘Jewish-Bolshevism’
and killing of Jews
decision
implications of invasion of Soviet Union on
role in planning
and Lebensraum
Mein Kampf
and Mussolini
meetings with
Reichstag speeches: (30 January 1
939)(19 July 1940)(11 December 1941)
remilitarization
rise to power
and Roosevelt
and South Tyrol
and Soviet Union: attack on
intention to invade
and Molotov
and need to keep America out of war
optimism about war in
order for Operation
Barbarossa
and
Stalin
and United States
and agreement with Japan
and Atlantic Charter
declaration as matter of prestige
declaration of war
expectation of war with
and Greer
incident
hostility towards
reaction to
Pearl Harbor
and war in the Atlantic
war strategy
Raeder’s ‘peripheral strategy’
and war on two fronts
western offensive urgency of
‘world-view’
see also Non-Aggression Pact (Hitler–Stalin) Hoare, Sir Samuel
Hodja, Daud, Albanian bandit
Hong Kong
Hopkins, Harry, adviser to Roosevelt
and FDR’s speech on Greer
incident
and lend-lease
visit to Stalin
Hornbeck, Stanley K., US State Department
Hull, Cordell, US Secretary of State
commitment to world peace
and FDR’s speech on Greer
incident
‘Four Principles’ for negotiation with Japan
and inevitability of war with
Germany
and Kurusu
and lease of military bases in British possessions
and oil embargo on Japan
and Pearl Harbor
and proposed meeting of Konoe and Roosevelt
rejection of Japan’s terms
and repeal of neutrality laws
‘Ten Points’ counter-proposals to
Kusuru
view of Japan
view of Tojo
Hungary
murder of Jews
Iceland
American occupation of
Ickes, Harold, US Secretary of the
Interior
support for destroyers for Britain
and support for intervention
and threat from Japan
India
Japanese threat to
Indian Ocean
Indochina
Japanese invasion
Inner Mongolia
intelligence
agents
MAGIC intercepts of Japanese signals
Soviet military
Stalin’s distrust of
translation distortions
international relations
system of collective security
see also
League of Nations
Ireland
Ironside, General Sir Edmund, CIGS
Italian armed forces
air force
army: ‘in no condition to wage war’
officers
navy
and plans for invasion of Greece
Italy alternatives to intervention in war neutrality
ambitions: dream of great power status
expansionist policy
and opportunities offered by war
American oil supplies to
and Austria
cult of the Duce
economy
Fascist Party
Foreign Ministry
