Snake Creek (Mont.), 312
Snake Indians. See Northern Paiute Indians
Snake River (Ida.), 177, 178, 297, 302, 308, 322 passim
Snyder, Capt. Simon, 274, 311–2
Society of Friends. See Quakers Soldier Spring (Okla.). See Battles Solomon River (Kan.), 138, 139, 143, 144, 162 n37
Sonora (Mexican State), 169, 344, 356 passim. See also Mexico Sonora River (Mex.), 388
South (region), 10, 11, 14, 62, 64
South Canadian River, 147, 149. See also Canadian River
South Dakota (State), 135, 237, 403 passim
South Pass (Wyo.), 241, 410
South Platte River (Colo.-Neb.), 95, 122. See also Platte River; North Platte River
Southern Cheyenne Indians, 4, 114 passim, 133, 137–8, 142 passim. See also Cheyenne Indians; Northern Cheyenne Indians; and Dog Soldiers
Southern Pacific Railroad, 375, 379, 383
Southern Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 190
Southern Ute Agency (Colo.), 333
Southwest (region), 2, 4, 5, 14, 76, 163, 356 passim, 369 passim; defense system, 167–71
Spencer, Herbert, 65
Spencer carbine, 70, 98, 105, 148
Spotted Bear (Sioux), 245
Spotted Eagle (Sioux), 284
Spotted Elk (Cheyenne), 140 n16
Spotted Tail (Sioux), 132, 135, 245–6, 272, 282–3, 412 n14; peace mission of, 279, 290; and reservation, 237–40
Spotted Tail Agency (Neb.), 239–40, 272, 278, 279, 281–3
Springfield Armory, Mass. See U.S. Armory
Springfield shoulder arms, 69—70, 71, 72, 98, 123–5
Staff (War Dept.), and Burnside Bill, 64; and commanding general, 28 passim; composition of, 11–2, 36 n9 Staked Plains (Tex.), 154–5, 164, 207, 400; operations of 1871–72 on, 211–2; Red River War on, 221–33
Standing Elk (Sioux), 99
Standing Rock Agency (N.D.), 237–40, 253, 272, 288, 404
Stanley, Gen. David S., 74, 240, 242–3, 400, 411 n7
Stanley’s Stockade (Mont.), 252
Stanton, Sec. War Edwin M., 10, 113, 126 n8, 131
Starr carbine, 103
Steamboat Frank (Modoc), 205
Steele, Gen. Frederick, 14, 37 n14, 175
Steens Mountain (Oreg.), 324, 325
Steins Peak Range (Ariz.-N.M.). See Peloncillo Mountains
Sterling, Albert D., 375, 376
Sternberg, Lt. Sigismund, 124
Stikine Indians, 182–3
Stikine River (Alaska), 182
Stinking Water River (Wyo.), 310, 39
Stone Calf (Cheyenne), 229
Stoneman, Gen. George, 192–3
Storm (Arapaho), 140 n16
Strategy of Indian warfare, 44–58, 144–5, 158–9, 251–2.
Stumbling Bear (Kiowa), 140 n16, 210
Sturgis, Col. Samuel D., 272, 280, 310–1, 319, 329
Subsistence Department, 12, 15, 32, 189
Sullivant Hills (Wyo.), 104, 105
Sully, Gen. Alfred, 113–4, 120, 121, 126 n12, 130, 150, 236
Summer clothing, 76–7
Summerhayes, Capt. John W., 20
Summerhayes, Martha, xiii, 90
Summit Springs (Colo.). See Battles Sumner, Lt. Col. Edwin V., 405, 412 n16
Sun River (Mont.), 121
Superstition Mountains (Ariz.), 197
Surgeon General, 36 n9, 87
Sweetwater Creek (Tex.), 155, 159, 160 n40, 225, 228
Sweetwater River (Wyo.), 241
Sword Bearer (Crow), 402
Tabeguache Ute Indians, 332, 340. See also Ute Indians
Taft, Sec. War Alfonso, 30
Taghee (Bannock), 322
Tall Bull (Cheyenne), 116, 140 n16, 148, 159
Taos, N.M., 174
Tappan, Samuel F., 132–8, 145
Tarahumari Indians, 364
Targhee Pass (Ida.), 308, 309
Tatum, Agent Lawrie, 207–12
Taylor, Supt. E.B., 99, 102, 108 n15
Taylor, Com. of Ind. Affairs N.G., 131–8, 139 n5 145
Taza (Apache), 358
Tecumseh (Shawnee), 402
Teller, Sec. Int. Henry M., 381
Ten Bears (Comanche), 140 n16
Ten Eyck, Capt. Tenodor, 103, 105
Tendoy (Bannock), 322
Tenth Cavalry, 25–8, 71, 120, 148; in Jacksboro Affair, 209–11; Mexican border campaigns, 350 passim, 361–5, 387; in Red River War, 220 passim; in winter campaign of 1868–69, 147 passim
Tenth Infantry, 122
Terrazas, Col. Joaquin, 364
Terry, Gen. Alfred H., 13, 48, 70, 94, 120–1, 44, 277, 288, 293 n21, 305, 318, 395 n34, 400, 411 n7; characterized, 34; heads commission to Canada, 285–6, 311; and Peace Commission of 1867, 132–8; in Sioux War of 1876, 248, 251–3, 256–8, 261, 268–70, 272, 281, 292 n10
Teton Sioux Indians, 95; Ghost Dance among, 402–9; in 1866 war, 98–107; in 1876–81 war, 248–91. See also Sioux Indians; and specific Sioux tribes
Texas (State), 1, 4, 14, 33, 46, 64, 67 n11, 73 76 93, 249 338, 390; border conflicts 344–56, 361–5; defense system, 163–8, 169–70, 183 n6; Indian raids in, 35, 97, 115, 127 n18, 137, 144, 164–6, 174, 207–14, 344–56; Reconstruction in, 166; Red River War in, 219 passim
Texas Frontier Regiment, 164
Texas Rangers, 166, 213
Theller, Lt. Edward R., 301
Third Cavalry, 17, 80, 149, 154, 170, 192, 215 n22; in Apache campaigns, 376, 379; in Sioux War of 1876, 248 passim, 268 passim; in Ute War, 335–7
Third Infantry, 25, 27, 120, 126 n12, 147, 149, 286
Thirteenth Infantry, 40 n63, 122
Thirteenth Infantry, 122
Thirty-eighth Infantry, 120, 137
Thirty-fifth Infantry, 168, 183 n6
Thirty-first Infantry, 122
Thirty-ninth Infantry, 183 n6
Thirty-second Infantry, 171, 186 n32
Thirty-seventh Infantry, 116, 120, 149, 170
Thirty-sixth Infantry, 122
Thomas, Rev. Eleasar, 203
Thomas, Capt. Evan, 204, 216 n33
Thomas, Gen. George H., 34, 39 n58, 181
Thomas, Gen. Lorenzo, 216 n33
Thornburgh, Maj. Thomas T., 335–6, 339, 341
Tiffany, Agent J.C., 371, 373–4
Tinaja de las Palmas (Tex.). See Battles
Tongue River (Wyo.-Mont.), 100, 103, 242, 249, 252, 254–5, 256, 272 passim, 284; cantonment at, 269 passim, 288, 310, 311
Tongue River Reservation (Mont.), 284
Tonkawa Indians, 225, 234 n9
Tonto Basin (Ariz.), 184 n12, 376; Crook’s campaign in, 196–8
Tonto Creek (Ariz.), 196
Toohoolzote (Nez Percé), 297, 299, 305, 316
Tosawi (Silver Brooch) (Comanche), 140 n16
Townsend, Adj. Gen. Edward D., 30
Treaties, nature of, 7, 95–6; with Bannocks (1868), 324; of Fort Laramie, 135 passim, 242, 243, 246, 272; of Medicine Lodge, 133–4 passim; with Modocs, 199; with Nez Percés (1863), 297; with Plains Indians (1865), 95–7, 170 n11; with Plains Indians (1866), 97—9; treaty system abolished, 214 n4; with Utes (1868), 332, 340
Tres Castillos (Mex.). See Battles Trevino, Gen. Geronimo, 352, 355, 361
Trobriand, Gen. Philippe Régis de, 17, 51, 52–3
Tucson, Ariz., 169–70, 185 n14, 192, 358
Tularosa Reservation (N.M.), 194, 198, 360–3, 391
Tule Canyon (Tex.), 223, 225
Tule Lake (Calif.), 199, 201, 203, 206, 216 n3o
Tupper, Capt. Tullius C., 375–6
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 410
Turret Peak (Ariz.). See Battles Twelfth Infantry, 19, 216 n31, 217 n36, 306, 325, 372
Twentieth Infantry, 37 n14, 175, 183 n6, 252
Twenty-fifth Infantry, 25–8, 41 n89, 275
Twenty-first Infantry, 192, 199 passim, 215 n22, 2r6 n31, 217 n36, 300 passim, 325—9
Twenty-fourth Infantry, 16, 25–8, 73; Mexican border cam
paigns, 345 passim, 362–5
Twenty-second Infantry, 122, 269 passim, 338
Twenty-seventh Infantry, 103, 122–5, 136
Twenty-sixth Infantry, 168, 183 n6
Twenty-third Infantry, 175, 186 n32, 197, 204, 215 n22; in Paiute campaigns, 178–81
Two Kettle Sioux Indians, 95, 135, 237. See also Sioux Indians; Teton Sioux Indians
Two Moons (Cheyenne), 284
Two Strike (Sioux), 405, 408
Tyler, Capt. George H., 311–2
Tzoe (Apache). See “Peaches”
Uintah Ute Indians, 333. See also Ute Indians
Uintah Valley Agency (Utah), 333, 339–40
Umatilla Indians, 323–9, 330–2, 327
Umatilla Reservation (Oreg.), 326–7, 330
Uncompahgre Ute Indians, 332, 340. See also Ute Indians Uniforms, 73–7
Union Pacific Railroad, 3, 95, 121–3, 135, 241, 243, 337–8
U.S. Armory, 69–70, 77 n6
U.S. Army, and act of 1866, 11–4, 18, 53; and act of 1869, 15; in Alaska, 181–3; amusements in, 87–8; in Apache wars, 168–74, 193–8, 344–93; attitudes of public toward, 22, 59, 65–7; attitudes toward Indians, 45, 111; bands in, 88; and Bozeman Trail war, 98–110, 172–6; brevet rank in, 13, 20–1, 37 n13, 39 n54, n57, 42 n100; chaplains in, 92 n35; command, 13–4, 32–5, 400; composition, 11–2, 15–8; concentration program, 47, 399; and Congress, 15, 17, 59 passim, desertion in, 23, 128 n32; disease in, 86–7; education, 24, 40 n77, 44–5; enlisted men, 22–5, 80–1; equipment, 75–6; esprit, 25–6; failure of appropriation for (1877), 62; fatigue labor, 83–4; foreigners in, 18–9, 23; frontier life, 80 passim, in Ghost Dance troubles, 403–9; in Hancock campaign (1867), 115–20; horsemanship, 24; humanitarian image, 399; humanitarian view, xiv, 188; and Indian Bureau, 112–3, 88–9, 382, 398; ladies in, 88–9; laundresses in, 89; logistics, 48, 158–9, 172, 175, 231–2; living conditions in, 22, 80, 82, 400; marksmanship, 24, 41 n78; medical services in, 87; Mexican border campaigns, 344–96; military justice, 84–5, 89 n15, n16; mobility, 47–8; in Modoc War, 199–207; noncommissioned officers, 23–4, 84; Negroes in, 10–1, 25–8, 36 n7, 170, 209–10; officers, 12–3, 15, 17, 18–22, 38 n40, 39 n48, 81; in Paiute wars, 178–81, 322–9; pay, 19, 22, 24, 38 n40, 39 n62; in Plains campaign (1868–69), 142–59; politics in, 13, 22, 59, 60; professionalism in, 44–5, 66; promotion, 19–21, 39 n46; punishment in, 84; rations in, 85–6; recruiting, 24–5; in Red River War, 219–33; retirement, 20, 39 n48; sanitation in, 86; self-view, xiii; in Sheepeater campaign, 329–32; significance in westward movement, 410–1; in Sioux wars (1876–81), 246–62, 267–91; social organization of, 83; staff, 11–2, 28 passim, 37 n18; staff-line relations, 28 passim; statistics of Indian combat, 410; strategies of Indian warfare, 44–58, 144–5, 158–9: strength of, 11–2, 15–8, 46–7, 61 passim, 67 n11; in Texas, 163–7, 344“56, 363: training, 24–5; uniforms, 73–4, 76–7; in Ute War, 332–42; weapons, 69–73. See also Artillery; Cavalry; Indian scouts; Infantry; Staff; and specific camps, departments, districts, forts, geographical divisions, regiments, staff departments
U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 8, 55, 56, 95, 35, 38, 143, 177, 96 97, 229, 240, 298–9, 339, 346, 357–8, 360, 362, 370, 372, 399, 403; and army, 112–3, 389–9; corruption, 7; and Modocs, 199 passim; and Peace Policy, 189–92, 397–8; proposed transfer to War Department, 112–3, 126 n10, 136–7, 138–9, 189–90; and Sioux War (1879), 246–7, 253
U.S. Cavalry Association, 44
U.S. Congress, 4, 14, 16; and army act of 1866, 10–11; and army reduction, 15–8; and attack on army, 15, 59–65; and brevet rank, 20–1; and economy, 59; and Indian Bureau transfer, 113, 126 n10, 136–7, 189–90, 399; and Mexican border friction, 353; and Negro soldiers, 10, 11, 27–8; and promotion, 19; and staff, 28, 30–2, 37 n18; and treaties, 214 n4. See also U.S. House of Representatives; U.S. Senate
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 28
U.S. Department of the Interior, 7, 60, 106, 189, 212, 247–8, 271, 299, 338, 341, 405
U.S. House of Representatives, 10, 17, 136, 214 n4, 353; and army reorganization, 60 passim; and Indian Bureau transfer, 113, 126 n10, 189–90, 399. See also U.S. Congress; U.S. Senate
U.S. Indian Commission of New York, 141 n23
U.S. Military Academy, 15, 18, 21, 44, 63
U.S. Senate, 10, 128, 136 n5, 214 n4; and army reorganization, 61 passim; and brevet rank, 21; and Indian Bureau transfer, 113, 126 n10, 189, 399; and treaties (1868), 136–7. See also U.S. Congress; U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. State Department, 346, 353
U.S. War Department, 11–2, 21, 28 passim, 56, 60, 84, 90 n4, 140 n14, 181, 183, 247–8, 309, 353, 405; Indian Bureau transfer, 112–3, 120 n10, 136–7, 138–9, 189–90, 398–9
U.S.S. Saginaw, 182
Upper Platte Agency (Neb.), 143
Upton, Gen. Emory, 44, 45
Utah (Territory), 13, 95, 122, 333, 339–40
Ute Indians, 5, 184 n12, 322, 373; war with, 35, 332–42, 397
Valle, Col. Adolph, 363
Verde River (Ariz.), 170, 184 n12
Veteran Reserve Corps, 11, 36 n7
Victorio (Apache), 359–65, 369, 375
Viele, Capt. Charles D., 227
Vinegar Hill (Ida.). See Battles
Virginia City, Mont., 95, 135, 309
Volunteers, xiii, 11, 13, 18, 21, 53, 64, 92, 97, 117–8, 129, 144, 165–8, 172, 198–9, 267, 308
Wade, Maj. James F., 359 Wagon Box Fight (Wyo.). See Battles
Walapai Indians, 169, 173, 184 n12, 185 n28
Walker, Com. Ind. Affairs Francis A., 196, 246
Walker River Reservation (Nev.), 322
Wallowa Mountains (Oreg.), 297
Wallowa Valley (Oreg.), 297–300, 315
Walpapi Paiute Indians, 178, 323. See also Northern Paiute Indians
Walsh, Maj. J.M., 285, 287–8
Wands, Lt. Alexander H., 109 n25
War Bonnet Creek (Neb.). See Battles
War Department. See U.S. War Department
Warm Springs Apache Indians, 184 n12, 194, 359–65; in Geronimo warfare, 371 passim. See also Apache Indians; Gila Apache Indians; Chiricahua Apache Indians
Washa Lobo (Lipan), 345
Washakie (Shoshoni), 268, 332
Washington (Territory), 14, 175–7, 315 35
Washington, D.C., 14, 33, 60, 63, 76, 132, 212, 239, 245, 282, 286, 351, 352, 369, 382, 384, 386, 403
Washington, George, 12
Washita (Okla.). See Battles
Washita River (Okla.), 149–51, 153, 155, 159, 221 passim
Watkins, Insp. E.C., 247–8
Weapons, military, 95–105
Weichell, Mrs. Maria, 157
Weigley, Russell, 14
Weippe Prairie (Ida.), 305
Wessels, Lt. Col. Henry W., 106, 110 n33, 294 n34
Wessels, Capt. Henry W., Jr., 191, 283–4, 294 n35
West Point Military Academy. See U.S. Military Academy
Western Apache Indians, 184 n12, 344. See also Apache Indians; and specific Western Apache groups
Wheatley, James, 105
Wheaton, Col. Frank, 199, 201–2, 204, 217 n36, 321 n24, 324–7, 330
Wheelan, Capt. James W., 280
Whetstone Agency (S.D.), 237–40
Whipple, Capt. Stephen G., 302
Whipple Barracks, Ariz. See Fort Whipple White, Sarah, 162 n37
White Antelope (Cheyenne), 228
White Bird (Nez Percé), 285, 297, 299–300, 305, 307, 313–6
White Bird Canyon (Ida.). See Battles
White Bull (Cheyenne), 280
White Clay Creek (S.D.). See Battle of Drexel Mission
White Horse (Cheyenne), 116, 148, 157
White Horse (Kiowa), 229, 233
White Mountain Apache Indians, 169 passim, 184 n12, 194, 357; Natiotish outbreak, 376–7; outbreak of 1881, 370–5. See also Apache Indians; Western Apache Indians
White River (Colo.), 332 passim; (S.D.), 239, 240, 283, 404–5, 408
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White River Agency (Colo.), 332–42
Whitman, Lt. Royal E., 192
Whitside, Maj. Samuel M., 406
Wichita Agency (Okla.), 197
Wichita Indians, 144
Wichita Mountains (Okla.), 153, 154, 221
Wilcox, Gen. Cadmus, 61
Wilcox, Agent P.P., 377, 381–2
Willcox, Ariz., 379
Willcox, Gen. Orlando B., 366 n26, 372–5, 377, 397, 411 n7
Williams, Capt. J.M., 173, 174
Williams, Lt. Col. Robert, 338, 343 n25
Willow Creek (Calif.), 205
Wiminuche Ute Indians, 332, 341. See also Ute Indians
Winchester rifle, 71–2, 259, 406
Wind River (Wyo.), 241
Winnemucca (Paiute), 323
Winnemucca, Sarah (Paiute), 325
Winter clothing, 76
Wisconsin (State), 61
Wolf Mountains (Mont.). See Battles
Woman’s Heart (Kiowa), 140 n16, 154, 224, 229, 233
Wood, Rep. Fernando, 60
Wood, Maj. H. Clay, 298, 319 n4
Wood, Dr. Leonard, 387–92
Wood Mountain (Canada), 285
Wounded Knee (S.D.). See Battles
Wovoka (Paiute), 402–3
Wright, Gen. George, 216 n33
Wright, Lt. Thomas F., 216 n33
Wynkoop, Agent Edward W., 115 passim, 138, 143, 147, 152
Wyoming (Territory), 54, 123, 135, 278, 328, 335, 337–8
Yahuskin Paiute Indians, 178, 323. See also Northern Paiute Indians
Yakima Reservation (Wash.), 328
Yampa Ute Indians, 232. See also Ute Indians
Yamparika Comanche Indians, 144, 160 n13. See also Comanche Indians
Yanktonai Sioux Indians, 95, 122, 135, 237, 254, 274. See also Sioux Indians
Yaqui River (Mex.), 378, 388
Yavapai Indians, 169–71, 184 n12, 185 n28, 193, 194, 196–8, 356, 357, 370
Yellow Bird (Sioux), 406–7
Yellow Hair (Cheyenne). See Yellow Hand
Yellow Hand (Cheyenne), 268, 291
Yellowstone National Park (Wyo.), 72, 308–9, 310, 319, 328
Yellowstone River (Mont.), 121, 122, 137, 236 passim, 267 passim, 310–1, 314, 400
Young, Brigham, 47
Young, Capt. S.B.M., 173
Yreka, Calif., 199
Yuma Indians, 184 n12, 370
Zaragosa (Mex.), 345, 350–2
Zele (Apache), 369
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