2. Higher Education, Evidence—Part One, Volume E: Written and Oral Evidence received by the Committee appointed by the P.M. under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins (London, 1963), pp. 1552—3.
3. The Ford strike was largely the result of the efforts of Rose Boland, the women’s shop steward. One of its results was the formation of the National Joint Action Campaign Committee, the most committed left-wing women’s group.
4. See ‘Equal Pay for Equal What’ by Hugo Young and ‘How Equal is Equal?’ by Vincent Hanna, in the Sunday Times, 1.2.1970.
5. Shirley Enticknap explained the objections of men trade unionists to their loss of control of women’s working hours in the News of the World, 7.9.1969.
6. The Times, 19.5.1969.
7. Reported in Black Dwarf, 10.1.1969.
8. The Times, 21.5.1969.
9. The Times, 4.6.1969.
10. See Pauline Pinder, Working Wonders, PEP Broad-sheet No. 512. Mrs Britain 1969 is a schoolteacher with four children.
11. The results of the Alfred Marks Bureau Inquiry were published on 19.7.1969 (Sunday Times, 20.7.1969).
12. Sunday Times, 27.7.1969.
13. From the classified advertisements of The Times, 4.7.1969.
14. Mary Hyde (op. cit.), pp. 91, 96, 102.
15. The Times, 22.5.1969.
16. Petticoat, 28.6.1969.
17. The Times, 22.5.1969.
18. The People, 11.5.1969.
19. News of the World, 20 and 27.4.1969.
20. Daily Mirror, 7.7.1969.
21. Suzy Menkes, How to be a Model (London, 1969).
22. ‘The Great Nude Boom’, The People, 1.6.1969.
23. It seems that strippers do not belong to their union, and dare not join because of the abundance of black-leg labour available. The average earnings are 6s. a strip, at fifty strips a week, in very poor conditions. (The People, 22,2,1970)
24. Witness the case of Valerie Stringer, a qualified electrical engineer who cannot find work (The People, 25.1.1970) and Dallas Bradshaw, a wireless operator who has fallen foul of the seamen’s prejudice that a woman at sea brings bad luck.
25. The selection of names is arbitrary. Every day the business sections of the newspapers salute the new female arrivals in positions of power.
THE IDEAL
1. In the Renaissance simple statements of the Platonic concept of love were disseminated as commonplaces. To the basic arguments drawn from the Convivium and other dialogues were added the eulogies of Cicero and Plutarch and the theories of Heraclitus and Aristotle. The essence of this mixture can be found in many places, from the courtesy books like the Cortigiano and de la Primaudaye’s Academie to the commonplace books and moral tracts for the consumption of the newly literate, e.g. Sir Thomas Elyot’s The Boke of the Governour (1531), Section 31, The Booke of Friendship of Marcus Tullius Cicero (1550), John Charlton’s The Casket of lewels (1571), Baldwin’s Treatise of Moral Philosophy (1550), Bodenham’s Politeuphuia (1597) and Robert Allott’s Wits Theater of the little World (1599). Possibly the most accessible and the most elegant formulation is Bacon’s Essay of Friendship.
2. Schilder (op. cit.), p. 120, cf. Norman O. Brown, Life Against Death (op. cit.), pp.50—51.
3. William Blake, Poems from MSS, c. 1810 (Nonesuch, p. 124), cf. Suttie (op. cit.), pp. 30—31.
4. The People, 12.11.1969.
5. A. H. Maslow, Motivation and Personality (New York, 1954), pp. 208—46; quotation from pp. 245—6.
6. Norman O. Brown, Life Against Death (op. cit.), p. 144.
7. William Shakespeare, ‘The Phoenix and the Turtle’ (The Complete Works, ed. W. J. Craig, Oxford, 1959, p. 1135).
8. S. E. Gay, Womanhood in its Eternal Aspect (London, 1879), p. 4.
ALTRUISM
1. William Blake, ‘The Clod and the Pebble’, Songs of Experience (Nonesuch, p. 66).
EGOTISM
1. William Blake, ‘The Clod and the Pebble’, Songs of Experience (Nonesuch, p. 66).
2. Erich Fromm (op. cit.), p. 38.
3. Honey, August 1969, ‘She Loves me Not’.
4. Weekend, 8—14 October 1969.
5. Mary Hyde (op. cit.), p. 70.
6. Compton Mackenzie, Extraordinary Women (London, 1967), p. 107.
7. Letter to ‘Evelyn Home’, Woman, 3 May 1969, Vol. 64, No. 1664.
8. Lillian Hellman, An Unfinished Woman (London, 1969), p. 278.
OBSESSION
1. Christopher Marlow, Hero and Leander, p. 178.
2. Jean Racine, Phèdre, I, iii, pp. 151—2.
3. William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, I, i, 11. 196—200 (Works, op. cit., p. 766).
4. Kingsley Amis, ‘An Ever-fixed Mark’, Erotic Poetry, ed. William Cole (New York, 1963), p. 444.
5. Sweethearts, Vol. II, No. 57, December 1960, ‘Kisses can be False’.
6. Ibid.
7. Quoted in Albert Ellis, The Folklore of Sex (New York, 1961), p. 209.
8. Sweethearts (loc. cit.), ‘When Love Calls’.
9. Datebook’s Complete Guide to Dating, edited by Art Unger (New Jersey, 1960), p. 89.
10. Mary Astell, An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex (London, 1721), p. 55.
11. Ti-Grace Atkinson, vide infra ‘Rebellion’, quoted from an article by Irma Kurtz in the Sunday Times Magazine, 14.9.1969.
12. O. Schwarz, The Psychology of Sex (London, 1957), p. 20.
ROMANCE
1. The publishers Mills and Boon asked Dr Peter Mann to analyse their readership and have bound up his report as ‘The Romantic Novel, a Survey of Reading Habits’ (1969).
2. Woman’s Weekly, 2.7.1969.
3. Mirabelle, 8.11.1969, ‘Saturday Sit-in’.
4. Georgette Heyer, The Regency Buck (London, 1968), p. 15.
5. Ibid., p. 5.
6. Ibid.
7. Barbara Cartland, The Wings of Love (London, 1968), p. 152.
8. Ibid., p. 47.
9. Ibid., p. 137.
10. Ibid., p. 191.
11. Lucy Walker, The Loving Heart (London, 1969), p. 226.
12. Ibid., p. 32.
13. Ibid., p. 171.
14. Ibid., pp. 53, 85—6, 91, 112, 191, 207, 228.
15. Ibid., pp. 253—4.
16. Run as a series by the Sunday Mirror 26 October—16 November 1969.
17. Violette Leduc, La Bâtarde (London, 1967), pp. 341—2.
18. ‘The Sexual Sophisticate’ quoted in Phyllis and Eberhard Kronhausen, Sexual Response in Women (London, 1965), p. 61.
19. Maxine Davis, The Sexual Responsibility of Women (London, 1957), p. 91.
20. Cartland (op. cit.), p. 62.
21. D. H. Lawrence, Women in Love (London, 1968), p. 354.
22. From the advertising campaigns of Winter 1969—70.
23. ‘Woman to Woman’, Woman, 19 July 1969, Vol. 65, No. 1675.
24. Jenny Fabian and Johnny Byrne, Groupie (London, 1969).
25. Rey Anthony, The Housewives’ Handbook on Selective Promiscuity (Tucson, 1960 and New York, 1962).
THE OJECT OF MALE FANTASY
1. Penelope, No. 194, 14 October 1969, ‘A Girl called Pony’.
2. Norman Mailer, An American Dream (London, 1966), p. 16.
3. Kate Millet, ‘Sexual Politics: Miller, Mailer and Genet’, New American Review, No. 7, August 1969.
4. Mailer (op. cit.), p. 9.
5. Ibid., p. 23.
6. Ibid., p. 25.
7. E.g. Umar in ‘Umar Walks the Earth!’ Strange Tales, Vol. I, No. 156, May 1967, the villainess Hydra in Captain America, the Black Widow in Captain Marvel, Karnilla, Queen of the mystic Norns, who menaces Thor.
8. E.g. La Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo in On Her Majesty’s Secret Service.
9. Mailer (op. cit.), p. 39.
10. Mickey Spillane, Bloody Sunrise (London, 1967), p. 74.
11. Mailer (op. cit.), p. 36.
12. Ibid., p. 168.
13. Ibid., p. 172.
14. Ibid., p. 102.
1
5. John Philip Lundin, Women (London, 1968), pp. 60—61.
16. Ibid., p. 101.
17. James Jones, Go to the Widowmaker (London, 1969), p. 282.
18. The Poems of Emily Dickinson, ed. M. D. Brainchi and A. L. Hampson (London, 1933), p. 131.
THE MIDDLE-CLASS MYTH OF LOVE AND MARRIAGE
1. Denis de Rougemont, Love in the Western World, cf. C. S. Lewis, The Allegory of Love.
2. Hail Maidenhad, ed. O. Cockayne, Early English Text Society Publications No. 19 (1866), pp. 28—39.
3. C. L. Powell, English Domestic Relations 1487—1653 (Columbia, 1927), p. 126.
4. Rabelais, Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds and Sayings of Gargantua and his sonne Pantagruel (London, 1653), Caps LII—LVIII.
5. Gordon Rattray Taylor, Sex in History (London, 1965), p. 138.
6. Erasmus, Two dyaloges wrytten in Laten…one called Polythemus or the Gospeller, the other dysposing of thynges and names translated into Englyshe by Edmonde Becke, Sig.M5 verso.
7. The story appeared in the Decamerone, not for the first time, and was instantly taken up as a theme, by Petrarch, who wrote a Latin treatment of it, and then several French versions appeared to proliferate in the sixteenth century in a rash of ballads and poems and plays e.g. The Antient True and admirable History of Patient Grissel (1619), The Pleasant and sweet History of Patient Grissell (1630), The Pleasant Comodie of Patient Grissill. By H. Chettle, T. Deloney, and T. Haughton (1603), The Most Pleasant Ballad of Patient Grissel…To the tune of the Brides Goodmorrow (T. Deloney? 1600 and 1640).
8. E.g., The Boke of Husbandry…Made first by the Author Fitzherbert,…Anno Domini 1568, fol. xxxvi verso. The ten properties of a woman:
The .i. is to be mery of chere, ye .ii. to be wel placed, the .iii. to haue a broad forhed, the .iiii. to haue brod buttocks, the .v. to be hard of ward, ye .vi. to be easy to leap upon, ye .vii. to be good at long iourney, ye .viii. to be wel sturring under a man, the .ix. to be alway busy wt ye mouth, ye .x. euer to be chewing on ye bridle.
9. Peter Laslett, The World We Have Lost (London, 1965).
10. John Campion, Two Books of Airs;
Jack and Joan they think no ill,
But loving live and merry still…
11. Nicholas Breton, The Court and Country (1618), The Works in Verse and Prose of Nicholas Breton, ed. A. B. Grosart (London, 1879), Vol. II.
12. E.g. Barclay in The Ship of Fooles, Ascham in The Scholemaster, Lodge in Wits Miserie, among many others.
13. 4 & 5 Philip and Mary c. 8, and 39 Elizabeth c. 9.
14. E.g. the popular Elizabethan ballad, The Brides Goodmorrow. (The version in the B.M. dates from 1625.)
15. Antoine de la Sale, Les Quinze Joies de Mariage rendered by Thomas Dekker as The Batchelar’s Banquet (1603).
16. One farce which exists in both French and English and demonstrates the archetypal pattern is Johan Johan and Tyb his Wife.
17. When Lady Mary Gray, a tiny woman bred too close to royalty for her own comfort, married Keys, a sergeant porter of no breeding and a huge man, for her own safety, the scandal was very great. (Strype, Annals of the Reformation [1735], Vol. II, p. 208.)
18. Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, especially Sonnets xxix, xxxvi, xli, lii, lxxii, lxxvi, lxxxi, lxxxii, cf. Samuel Daniel, Delia and Sir Thomas Wyatt, Poems from the Egerton MS.
19. Edmund Spenser, Amoretti and Epithalamion, published in 1595.
20. William Habington, Castara published anonymously in 1634. The first part deals with courtship and the second, which deals with marriage, has the epigraph Vatumque lascivos triumphos, calcat Amor, pede coniugali.
21. E.g. Thomas Deloney, The Gentle Craft, A Discourse Containing many matters of Delight…London…1637. Chapter 5 relates ‘How the Emperours Fair Daughter Ursula, fell in love with young Crispine comming with shooes to the Court; and how in the end they were secretly married by a blind Frier.’
22. The Fair Maid of Fressingfield is the subject of the subplot of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay (1592) by Robert Greene.
23. The Golden Legend was a compilation of Saints stories made according to the calendar of feasts by Jacobus de Voragine, Bishop of Genoa in the thirteenth century. It was one of the first books to be printed, and went through edition after edition in all places where there were printing presses, the first international bestseller.
24. Gillian Freeman, The Undergrowth of Literature (London, 1969), pp. 50—51.
25. Sunday Times, 3.8.1969, ‘Making Money out of Marriage’.
26. Sunday Times, 15.6.1969, ‘First Catch your Millionaire’.
FAMILY
1. William Shakespeare, Cymbeline, II, v. 1—2 (Works op. cit., p. 1024).
2. Some evidence of this can be gained from the Plowden Report, summarized in the Sunday Mirror, 8.3.1970.
3. Sunday Mirror, 23.11.1969, ‘Let’s All Cuddle’.
4. Lionel Tiger, Men in Groups (London, 1969), pp. 209—10.
5. John Updike, Couples (London, 1968), pp. 138, 141, 150.
6. Sunday Mirror (loc. cit.).
7. Charles Hamblett and Jane Deverson, Generation X (London, 1964), p. 43.
8. Ibid., pp. 48—9.
9. Wilhelm Reich, The Sexual Revolution (New York, 1969), p. 71.
SECURITY
1. Hamblett and Deverson (op. cit.), pp. 41, 111.
2. E.g. Edmund Spenser, Two Cantos of Mutabilitye published in 1609 ‘parcell of some following Booke of the Faeire Queene’ which was never completed.
3. I suspect that a contract made by a man and a woman respecting the conditions of the cohabitation would be regarded by law as a contract for an immoral purpose, and hence not binding in law (!).
4. Hamblett and Deverson (op. cit.), pp. 48—9.
LOATHING AND DISGUST
1. Frank Reynolds as told to Michael McClure, Freewheelin’ Frank (London, 1967), p. 86.
2. Ibid., pp. 55, 7, and 12—13.
3. Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice (New York, 1968), pp. 16—17.
4. ‘Eager Females—How they reveal themselves’, Male, Vol. 19, No. 6, June 1969.
5. Stag, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 1969.
6. Reynolds (op. cit.).
7. William Shakespeare, Sonnet cxxix (Works, op. cit.) p. 1124.
8. Dean Swift, ‘Cassinus and Peter’, The Poems of Jonathan Swift, ed. Harold Williams (Oxford, 1937), p. 597.
9. Hubert Selby, Last Exit to Brooklyn (London, 1966), pp. 82—3.
10. 10. Jenny Fabian and Johnny Byrne, Groupie (London, 1969).
11. 11. R. L. Dickinson and Laura Beam, The Single Woman (London, 1934), pp. 18, 252, 258, 262, 264.
12. 12. Ibid., p. 231.
13. 13. E.g. Albert Ellis and Edward Sagarin, Nymphomania (London, 1968), pp. 45, 54, 59, 103—4, 118—9, 122-3.
ABUSE
1. Evening News, 18.12.1969.
2. William Shakespeare, King Lear, III. iv. 117—22 and IV. i. 62—3 (Works, op. cit., pp. 926, 930).
3. The sources for this section are mainly the New English Dictionary (Oxford), and Wentworth and Flexner’s Dictionary of American Slang and E. Partridge, Smaller Slang Dictionary (London, 1961), and Farmer and Henley, Slang and its Analogues (London, 1890).
4. Rolling Stone, No. 27, 15 February 1969.
5. Nathan Shiff, Diary of a Nymph (New York, 1961).
6. Letter to ‘Mary Grant’, Woman’s Own, 19.7.1969, and to ‘Evelyn Home’, Woman, 15.3.1969, and to ‘Mary Marryat’, Woman’s Weekly, 2.7.1969.
7. ‘Love Needs no Words’, New Romance, No. 3, November 1969 and ‘When Someone Needs You’, True Story, No. 565, December 1969.
8. Gael Green, Sex and the College Girl (London, 1969), p. 111, quoting a Queen’s University Conference on Mental Health, reported in the New York Times, 19 May 1963.
9. Ibid., pp. 45—6, and 111—13.
10. Jim Moran, Why Men Shouldn’t Marry (London, 1969), p. 43.
11. Gilbert Oakley, Sane and Sensual Sex (London, 1963), p. 51.
12. Ibid., pp. 52—3.
13. Philip Wylie, Generation of Vipers (New York, 1942), pp. 187—8.
14. Ibid., pp. 188—9.
15. Best Mother-in-Law Jokes compiled by J. D. Sheffield (London, 1969), p. 1 and passim.
16. From the single ‘Second Generation Woman’ Reprise RS23315 published by Dukeslodge Enterprises.
MISERY
1. Letter to ‘Evelyn Home’, Woman, 2.8.1969.
2. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York, 1963), pp. 20—21.
3. An Observer report on the patent medicine industry (4.1.1970) stated that of £50,000,000 a year, £15,000,000 was spent on painkillers, £6,000,000 on tonics and vitamins, and £6,500,00 on advertising.
4. Letter to ‘Evelyn Home’, Woman, 22.3.1969.
5. Forum, Vol. II, No. 8, pp. 69—70.
6. The People, 23.11.1969.
7. The Times, 9.5.1969.
8. News of the World, 6.7.1969.
9. News of the World, 30.11.1969 reporting the compilation of the Family Planning Association’s publication, The Pill and You.
10. Professor Victor Wynn is in charge of the Alexander Simpson Laboratory for Metabolic Research at St Mary’s Hospital in Paddington (reported in The People, 14.12.1969), cf. research by Dr Anne Lewis and Mr Masud Noguchi reported in the Observer, 15.6.1969.
11. Reported in the Observer, 20.7.1969.
12. Sunday Times, 1.6.1969.
13. Dr W. J. Stanley, in The British Journal of Social and Preventive Medicine, November, 1969.
14. Vide ‘78 Battered Children’. Report of the NSPCC (September 1969), and Sunday Times, 30.11.1969.
RESENTMENT
1. George Eliot, Middlemarch.
2. Eric Berne, The Games People Play (London, 1964), p. 162.
REBELLION
1. The Anatomy of a Woman’s Tongue divided into Five Parts (London, 1963), Epigram III, p. 173.
2. The Family of Love were an English sect which originated in Holland under the leadership of Hendrick Niclaes; it sought to reunify men in the Mystical Body. See A brief rehearsal of the belief of the good-willing in England (1656), A Description of the sect called The Family of Love: with their Common Place of Residence. Being discovered by Mrs Susannah Snow of Pinford near Chertsey in the County of Surrey, who was vainly led away for a time through their base allurements (1641), and The Displaying of an horrible sect of…Heretiques (1578).
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