131. Brockway, ‘Fenner Brockway’s 80th Birthday Celebrations, 1968’, p. 3.
132. Ibid.
133. From MCF, ‘Tasks for the Seventies’.
134. Ibid., p. 2.
135. Ibid., p. 7.
136. Ibid.
137. Lewis, Empire State Building, p. 91.
138. Prudence Smith, ‘Margery Perham and Broadcasting: A Personal Reminiscence’, in Alison Smith and Mary Bull, eds, Margery Perham and British Rule in Africa (New York/Abingdon: Routledge, 2013), p. 199.
139. Lewis, Empire State-Building, p. 89.
140. Roland Oliver, ‘Prologue: The Two Miss Perhams’, in Smith and Bull, Margery Perham and British Rule in Africa, p. 23.
141. Ibid. See also Margery Perham, Colonial Sequence, 1949–1969: A Chronological Commentary upon British Colonial Policy in Africa (London: Methuen, 1970).
142. Lewis writes that ‘the late colonial state faced a crisis of paternalism and found a confusing array of prescriptions with which to read the problem and find a solution’. Lewis, Empire State-Building, p. 123.
143. Faught, Into Africa, p. 134.
144. Margery Perham, East African Journey: Kenya and Tanganyika, 1929–30 (London: Faber & Faber, 1976), p. 15.
145. Faught, Into Africa, p. viii.
146. ‘Newscheck on South Africa and Africa’, 12 October 1962, cited in ibid., p. 127.
147. Lewis, Empire State-Building, p. 92.
148. Ibid., p. 100.
149. Perham, East African Journey, p. 16.
150. Ibid., p. 118.
151. Ibid., p. 32.
152. Ibid., p. 192.
153. Perham, Colonial Sequence, 1930–1949, pp. xv, xix.
154. Ibid., p. 42.
155. Ibid., p. 140.
156. Ibid., p. 45.
157. Margery Perham, ‘Introduction’, in Margery Perham, ed., Ten Africans: A Collection of Life Stories (London: Faber & Faber, 1963), p. 9.
158. Ibid.
159. Ibid., p. 12.
160. Elspeth Huxley and Margery Perham, Race and Politics in Kenya: A Correspondence between Elspeth Huxley and Margery Perham with an Introduction by Lord Lugard, 2nd edn (London: Faber & Faber, 1956), p. 26.
161. Ibid., p. 120.
162. Ibid., p. 111.
163. Ibid., p. 192.
164. Ibid., p. 194.
165. Ibid., p. 212, emphasis in original.
166. Ibid., pp. 254–5.
167. Ibid., p. 258.
168. Elspeth Huxley, A Thing to Love: A Novel (London: Chatto & Windus, 1954).
169. Huxley and Perham, Race and Politics in Kenya, p. 265.
170. Ibid., p. 274.
171. Ibid., p. 268.
172. Ibid, emphasis in original.
173. Ibid.
174. Ibid., p. 276, my emphasis.
175. Perham, Colonial Sequence 1949–1969, p. 93.
176. Ibid.
177. Ibid., pp. 93–4.
178. Ibid., p. 94.
179. Ibid., p. 112.
180. Ibid., p. 95.
181. Ibid.
182. Ibid., p. 96.
183. Ibid., p. 97.
184. Ibid., p. 147.
185. Ibid., p. 148.
186. Tom Mboya, The Kenya Question: An African Answer (London: Fabian Colonial Bureau, 1956).
187. Cited in David Goldsworthy, Tom Mboya: The Man Who Kenya Wanted to Forget (Nairobi/London: Heinemann, 1982), p. 55.
188. Margery Perham, foreword in Mboya, The Kenya Question.
189. Ibid., p. 7.
190. Cited in Faught, Into Africa, p. 158.
191. Mboya, The Kenya Question, p. 13.
192. Ibid., p. 13.
193. Ibid., p. 17.
194. Ibid.
195. Ibid.
196. Ibid.
197. Ibid., p. 16.
198. Ibid., p. 31.
199. Ibid., p. 17.
200. Tom Mboya, Freedom and After (London: André Deutsch, 1963), p. 49.
201. Ibid., p. 52.
202. Ibid., p. 51.
203. Margery Perham, The Colonial Reckoning (London: Collins, 1961).
204. Ibid., p. 16.
205. Letter to Prudence Smith, cited in Faught, Into Africa, p. 140.
206. Perham, The Colonial Reckoning, p. 9.
207. Ibid., pp. 14–15.
208. Ibid., p. 13.
209. Ibid., p. 11.
210. Ibid., p. 22.
211. Ibid., p. 38.
212. Ibid., p. 40.
213. Ibid.
214. Ibid., p. 44
215. Ibid., p. 52.
216. Ibid., p. 26.
217. Ibid., p. 95.
218. Ibid., p. 96.
219. Ibid., pp. 94–5.
220. Ibid., p. 63.
221. Ibid.
222. Ibid.
223. Ibid., p. 62, emphasis in original.
224. Ibid., p. 70.
225. Ibid., p. 79.
226. Ibid., p. 130.
227. Ibid., p. 114.
228. Ibid.
229. Ibid., p. 102.
230. Ibid., p. 113.
231. Ibid., p. 154.
232. Ibid., p. 156.
233. Fenner Brockway, African Socialism: A Background Book (London: Bodley Head, 1963), p. 20.
234. Ibid., p. 31.
235. Ibid., p. 14.
Epilogue
1. The title of the Epilogue is taken from David Harvey, The New Imperialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003): ‘If we were able to mount that wondrous horse of freedom, where would we seek to ride it?’ (p. 198).
2. ‘Address by Harold Macmillan to Members of both Houses of the Parliament of the Union of South Africa, Cape Town, 3 February 1960’, Appendix One, in Harold Macmillan, Pointing the Way, 1959–1961 (New York: Harper, 1972), p. 475.
3. Ibid., p. 476.
4. Ibid.
5. ‘Introduction’, in Tony Smith, ed., The End of the European Empire: Decolonization after World War II (Massachusetts: D.C. Heath & Co., 1975), p. xi.
6. Ibid., p. xii.
7. Christopher Hale, Massacre in Malaya: Exposing Britain’s My Lai (Gloucestershire: History Press, 2013), p. 284. There was evidence that the Batang Kali massacre, the British High Court agreed in 2012, had involved ‘a deliberate execution of 24 civilians’ even as it refused to sanction a public inquiry. Arguably, Malaya caused less of a public outcry in its time than Kenya because of how much was successfully covered up.
8. A. J. Stockwell, ‘Suez 1956 and the Moral Disarmament of the British Empire’, in Simon C. Smith, ed., Reassessing Suez 1956 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), p. 232.
9. Humphrey Trevelyan, cited in ibid., p. 232.
10. Kenneth O. Morgan, ‘Imperialists at Bay: British Labour and Decolonization’, in Robin D. King and Robin W. Kilson, eds, The Statecraft of British Imperialism: Essays in Honour of Wm. Roger Lewis (London: Frank Cass, 1999), p. 238.
11. ‘Dec. 12, 1963, Kenya Gains Independence’, New York Times (‘Learning Network’), 12 December 2011.
12. ‘Obama’s Speech to UK Parliament, in Full, with Analysis’, BBC, 25 May 2011, available at bbc.co.uk.
13. C. L. R. James, Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution (London: Allison & Busby, 1977), p. 214.
14. Cited in Gary Younge, ‘Cruel and Usual: The Outrages at Camp Breadbasket are Consistent with British Colonial Rule – Brutal, Oppressive, and Racist’, Guardian, 1 March 2005.
15. Tony Blair, ‘Doctrine of the International Community’, 24 April 1999, available at webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk.
16. James, Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution, p. 35.
17. Ibid., p. 11.
18. Ibid., p. 14.
19. Ibid., pp. 29–30, emphasis in original.
20. Ibid., p. 31.
21. Ibid., p. 32.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., p. 29.
24. Ibid., p. 34.
25. Ibid., p. 35.
26. Ibid., p. 38.
27. Ibid., p. 3
6.
28. Ibid., p. 35.
29. Ibid., p. 36.
30. Paul Gilroy, After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? (Abingdon: Routledge, 2004), p. 2.
31. Ibid., pp. 2, 3.
32. Ibid., p. 3.
33. Some recent works that offer useful insights and accounts include: Michael Goebel, Anti-imperial Metropolis: Interwar Paris and the Seeds of Third World Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015); Daniel Brückenhaus, Policing Transnational Protest: Liberal Imperialism and the Surveillance of Anticolonialists in Europe, 1905–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017); Ian Birchall, ed., European Revolutionaries and Algerian Independence, 1954–1062 (London: Merlin, 2012); Jennifer Anne Boittin, Colonial Metropolis: The Urban Grounds of Anti-imperialism and Feminism in Interwar Paris (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2010). As is evident, there is much more on France than on other European imperial powers.
34. Robbie Shilliam, The Black Pacific: Anti-colonial Struggles and Oceanic Connections (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015), p.185
35. Runnymede Trust, The Future of Multi-ethnic Britain: The Parekh Report (London: Profile, 2000), p. 14.
36. Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (London: Vintage, 1994 [1993]), p. 59.
37. Richard J. Evans, ‘The Wonderfulness of Us (the Tory Interpretation of History’, London Review of Books 33:6 (17 March 2011).
38. Jo Littler and Roshi Naidoo, ‘White Past, Multicultural Present: Heritage and National Stories’, in Robert Phillips and Helen Brocklehurst, eds, History, Identity and the Question of Britain (London: Palgrave, 2004), p. 338.
39. Jamaica Kincaid, A Small Place (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000 [1998]), p. 56.
40. ‘The Meaning of Working through the Past’, in Theodor W. Adorno, Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords, transl. Henry W. Pickford (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), p. 89.
41. Said, Culture and Imperialism, p. 24.
42. Ibid., p. 19.
43. Ibid., p. 10.
44. E. M. Forster, A Passage to India (London: Penguin, 2005 [1924]).
45. Mary Beard, ‘Cecil Rhodes and Oriel College, Oxford’, Times Literary Supplement blog, 20 December 2015, the-tls.co.uk.
46. Goldwin Smith, Reminiscences, ed. Arnold Haultain (New York: Macmillan, 1910), p. 369.
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