[>] 1,600-word feature:John Noble Wilford, "Wary Astronomers Ponder an Accelerating Universe," New York Times, Mar. 3, 1998.
lab press release: "Supernova Cosmology Project Named in Science Magazine's Breakthrough of the Year," Dec. 17, 1998, http://www.osti.gov.news/releases98/decpr/pr98192.htm.
"Basically": John Noble Wilford, "In the Light of Dying Stars, Astronomers See Intimations of Cosmic Immortality," New York Times, Apr. 21, 1998.
"Observational Evidence": Riess et al. 1998.
A straw poll: The Editors, "Revolution in Cosmology," Scientific American, January 1999.
167 "Their highest": Turner.
"It made": Turner.
[>] "Admit it": Schmidt.
"Cosmology Solved? Maybe": M. Turner 1998a.
straightforward "Cosmology Solved?": M. Turner 1998b.
[>] "distasteful": John Noble Wilford, "New Findings Help Balance the Cosmological Books," New York Times, Feb. 9, 1999.
When he thought: Wilford, "New Findings Help Balance."
"half enthusiast": Wilford, "New Findings Help Balance."
[>] "ridiculous": Turner.
"purposefully provocative": M. Turner1999.
[>] Adam Riess: Riess.
Not only did: Carroll et al., pp. 503–4.
"No worker": Carroll et al., p. 504.
[>] "you wouldn't be able": Turner.
wouldhave cooled: Carroll et al., p. 503.
[>] "I have not": Thompson, p. 1065.
"superfluous": Stachel, p. 124.
"You observational": Filippenko.
[>] "Nobody has ever": Riess.
[>] made their point: Gilliland et al.
He couldn't stop: Riess.
[>] "astronomy of the invisible": Dennis Overbye, "From Light to Darkness: Astronomy's New Universe," New York Times, Apr. 10, 2001.
[>] Among the observers: "The Dark Universe: Matter, Energy, and Gravity," Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Apr. 2–5, 2001.
as she pointed out: Rubin 2003, p. 1.
10. THE CURSE OF THE BAMBINO
[>] Karl van Bibber: van Bibber.
catchingan axion: van Bibber and Rosenberg, p. 31.
[>] "cold planets": Rubin 1997, p. 128.
Paczynski suggested: Paczynski 1986a, 1986b.
[>] "Of course": Gates, p. 71.
"the probability": Gates, p. 72.
188 discovered that deuterium: Riordan and Schramm, p. 81.
"baryometer": Turner 1999.
By similar reasoning: Riordan and Schramm, pp. 81–83.
[>] and perhaps higher: Riordan and Schramm, pp. 85–86.
[>] a "Great Wall": Geller and Huchra.
Two-degree-Field: Peacock et al.
Sloan Digital: Abazajian et al.
Galaxies formed first: Finkbeiner 1996.
Cosmic Evolution Survey: Massey et al.
[>] closely parsed: Clowe.
[>] "you could put": Turner.
[>] a group of twelve: Mahapatra.
"Of course": Cabrera.
[>] "We would have totally": Cooley.
"Dark matter discovered?": http://monkeyfilter.com/link.php/17049.
"Has Dark Matter": http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2009–12/evidence-dark-matter-emerges-worlds-most-sensative-detector.
"Rumor has it": http://greenteabreak.com/2009/12/08/rumor-has-it-that-the-first-dark-matter-particle-has-been-found/.
"¿Se ha descubierto": http://www.migui.com/ciencias/fisica/¿se-ha-descubierto-la-materia-oscura-en-el-cdms.html.
"Pátránípo supersymetrické": http://www.scinet.cz/patrani-po-supersymetricke-skryte-hmote.html.
"": http://ameblo.jp/physics/entry-10409525072.html.
"the Thursday speakers": http://resonaances.blogspot.com/2009/12/little-update-on-cdms.html.
[>] Discover magazine: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmic-variance/2009/12/17/dark-matter-detected-or-not-live-blogging-the-seminar/.
"The results": http://titus.stanford.edu/public/movies/vmt6ud.mov.
"I'm in love": Rosenberg.
[>] "I called this particle": Wilczek 1991.
"vanishingly small": van Bibber.
In 1989: van Bibber.
[>] Juan Collar: Collar.
[>] "sort of a rude": van Bibber.
11. THE THING
[>] William L. Holzapfel: Holzapfel.
[>] For Holzapfel: Holzapfel.
[>] acceleration paper: Perlmutter et al. 1999.
[>] "But I don't": Bennett.
[>] The first question: National Research Council, p. 2.
[>] "In a Universe": Michael S. Turner, "Dark Energy and the New Cosmology," http://supernova.lbl.gov/~evlinder/turner.pdf. in January 2002: National Research Council, p. 184.
"the most vexing": National Research Council, p. 144.
[>] Dark Universe meeting: Riess et al. 2001.
In 2004: Riess et al. 2004.
and 2006: Riess et al. 2007.
Peebles had noted: Peebles and Yu.
mapped the locations: Eisenstein et al.
[>] "I hit 'go'": George.
[>] required shipping: William Mullen, "Dark Energy in the Spotlight," Chicago Tribune, Dec. 31, 2007.
And because much: Crawford, McMahon.
[>] Twice a day: Vanderlinde.
started making noises: Crawford, McMahon.
[>] signed off on a paper: Staniszewski et al.
12. MUST COME DOWN
[>] weeklong meeting: "Origins of Dark Energy," Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, May 14–17, 2007; Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, May 18–20, 2007.
[>] "I'm the last": Schmidt.
[>] "Experience remains": Einstein 1934, p. 274.
[>] "I hold it": Einstein 1934, p. 274.
"Saul thinks": Suntzeff.
"Saul is going": Filippenko.
[>] "big enough": Riess.
"mentioned NASA": Mather and Boslough, p. 236.
"appear to be": Filippenko.
[>] Filippenko's personal: Filippenko 2001.
Kirshnerpublished: Kirshner.
"Well, it tells me": Cahn.
"The High-z accounts": Groom.
[>] "Dear Saul": Kirshner.
Over the years: Schmidt NLA.
"We announced": http://www.shawprize.org/en/laureates/2006/astronomy/Perlmutter_Riess_Schmidt/autobiography/Perlmutter.html.
227 "Thoughts on": http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~rkirshner/whowhatwhen/Thoughts.htm.
"Dear Bob": Perlmutter.
Kirshneraddressed: Kirshner.
[>] the feeling among some: Filippenko.
"My team": Goldhaber.
ranan article: Sharon Begley, "In 'Dark Energy,' Cosmic Humility," Newsweek, Oct. 1, 1998.
Part One began: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2007/12/12/dark-energys-10th-anniversary-2/.
"Fundamentalist Physics": White.
[>] another cosmology meeting: American Astronomical Society meeting, Minneapolis, May 29-June 2, 2005.
[>] "We have not": American Astronomical Society meeting, Washington, DC, Jan. 6–10, 2002.
"deep theory": Riess.
Perlmutter liked to begin: Perlmutter.
a friend: Glazebrook.
yet one more conference: "New Views of the Universe" symposium, Chicago, Dec. 8–13, 2005.
"heyday for talking": Carroll. 232
"not worth it!": "A Decade of Dark Energy," Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, May 5–8, 2008.
"standing out": Schmidt.
"then it's a number": Livio.
one of the dark-energy conferences: "A Decade of Dark Energy," Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, May 5–8, 2008.
[>] even its defenders: McGaugh.
[>] less than a millimeter: Adelberger.
[>] "Have you heard": Peebles 2003, p. 4.
[>] didn't explain the mechanism:John Peacock, "A Decade of Dark Energy."
EPILOGUE
[>] The trumpet fanf
are: Video, Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, New York.
240 "Let's just pause": "A Decade of Dark Energy," Space Telescope Science Institute.
[>] George Smoot's: Smoot.
[>] "The really hard problems": Turner.
"If you put": Andreas Albrecht, "Origins of Dark Energy," McMaster University.
[>] "In a very real": Rubin 1997, p. 129.
The world changes: Rubin.
Works Cited
Citations of works of central importance to this book list all authors. Citations of works of more tangential interest by more than two authors list only the first author, followed by "et al."
Abazajian, Kevork N., et al. 2009. Astrophysical Journal Supplement 182:543–58.
Alcock, C., et al. 1993. "Possible Gravitational Microlensing of a Star in the Large Magellanic Cloud." Nature 365: 621–23.
Alpher, R. A., and R. C. Herman. 1948. "Evolution of the Universe." Nature 162: 774–75.
Anton, Ted. 2001. Bold Science: Seven Scientists Who Are Changing Our World. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Aubourg, E., et al. 1993. "Evidence for Gravitational Microlensing by Dark Objects in the Galactic Halo." Nature 365: 623–25.
Australian Astronomers Oral History Project. Interview of Brian Schmidt by Ragbir Bhathal, June 15, 2006. National Library of Australia.
Baade, W. 1938. "The Absolute Photographic Magnitude of Supernovae." Astrophysical Journal 88: 285–304.
Bartusiak, Marcia. 1993. Through a Universe Darkly: A Cosmic Tale of Ancient Ethers, Dark Matter, and the Fate of the Universe. New York: HarperCollins.
Bernstein, Jeremy. 1986. Three Degrees above Zero. New York: New American Library.
Bernstein, Jeremy, and Gerald Feinberg, eds. 1986. Cosmological Constants: Papers in Modern Cosmology. New York: Columbia University Press.
Bondi, H., and T. Gold. 1948. "The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 108:252–70.
Bosma, A. 1978. "The Distribution and Kinematics of Neutral Hydrogen in Spiral Galaxies of Various Morphological Types." PhD diss., Groningen University, Groningen, Neth.
Boynton, Paul. 2009. "Testing the Fireball Hypothesis." In Finding the Big Bang, ed. P. James E. Peebles, Lyman A. Page, Jr., and R. Bruce Partridge. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Burbidge, E. Margaret, G. R. Burbidge, William A. Fowler, and F. Hoyle. 1957. "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars." Reviews of Modern Physics 29:547–650.
Burke, Bernard F. 2009. "Radio Astronomy from the First Contacts to the CMBR." In Finding the Big Bang, ed. P. James E. Peebles, Lyman A. Page, Jr., and R. Bruce Partridge. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Carroll, Sean M., William H. Press, and Edwin L. Turner. 1992. "The Cosmological Constant." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 30:499–542.
Colgate, Stirling A., Elliott P. Moore, and Richard Carlson. 1975. "A Fully Automated Digitally Controlled 30-inch Telescope." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 87: 565–75.
Crowe, Michael J. 1990. Theories of the World from Ptolemy to Copernicus. New York: Dover.
Davis, M. 1982. "Galaxy Clustering and the Missing Mass." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 307: 111–19.
Davis, M., J. Huchra, D. W. Latham, and J. Tonry. 1982. "A Survey of Galaxy Redshifts, II: The Large Scale Space Distribution." Astrophysical Journal 253: 423–45.
Davis, Marc, and P. J. E. Peebles. 1983. "A Survey of Galaxy Redshifts, V: The Two-Point Position and Velocity Correlations." Astrophysical Journal 267: 465–82.
Davis, Marc, Piet Hut, and Richard A. Muller. 1984. "Terrestrial Catastrophism: Nemesis or Galaxy?" Nature 308: 715–17. de Vaucouleurs, Gérard. 1953. "Evidence for a Local Supergalaxy." Astronomical Journal 58:30–32.
Dicke, R. H., and P. J. E. Peebles. 1965. "Gravitation and Space Science." Space Science Reviews 4: 419–60.
Dicke, R. H., P. J. E. Peebles, P. G. Roll, and D. T. Wilkinson. 1965. "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation." Astrophysical Journal 142: 414–19.
Doroshkevich, A. G., and I. D. Novikov. 1964. "Mean Density of Radiation in the Metagalaxy and Certain Problems in Relativistic Cosmology." Soviet Physics Doklady 9: 111.
Einstein, Albert. 1917. "Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity." Reprinted in Cosmological Constants: Papers in Modern Cosmology, ed. Jeremy Bernstein and Gerald Feinberg. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
——. 1934. "On the Method of Theoretical Physics." Reprinted in Ideas and Opinions, ed. Carl Seelig. New York: Bonanza Books, 1954.
Eisenstein, Daniel, et al. 2005. "Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the Large-Scale Correlation Function of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 633: 560–74.
Faber, S. M., and J. S. Gallagher. 1979. "Masses and Mass-to-Light Ratios of Galaxies." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 17: 135–87.
Filippenko, Alexei V. 2001. "Einstein's Biggest Blunder? High-Redshift Supernovae and the Accelerating Universe." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 113: 1441–48.
Finkbeiner, Ann. 1992. "Cosmologists Search the Universe for a Dubious Panacea." Science 256: 319–20.
Gamow, G. 1946. "Rotating Universe?" Nature 158: 549.
——. 1948. "The Evolution of the Universe." Nature 162: 680–82.
Garnavich, Peter M., Robert P. Kirshner, Peter Challis, John Tonry, Ron L. Gilliland, R. Chris Smith, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Alan Diercks, Alexei V. Filippenko, Mario Hamuy, Craig J. Hogan, B. Leibundgut, M. M. Phillips, David Reiss, Adam G. Riess, Brian P. Schmidt, J. Spyromilio, Christopher Stubbs, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, and Lisa Wells. 1998. "Constraints on Cosmological Models from Hubble Space Telescope Observations of High-z Supernovae." Astrophysical Journal 493: L53-L57.
Gates, Evalyn. 2009. Einstein's Telescope: The Hunt for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe. New York: W. W. Norton.
Geller, Margaret J., and John P. Huchra. 1989. "Mapping the Universe." Science 246: 897–903.
Gibbons, G. W., S. W. Hawking, and S. T. C. Siklos, eds. 1985. The Very Early Universe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gilliland, Ronald L., Peter E. Nugent, and M. M. Phillips. 1999. "High-Redshift Supernovae in the Hubble Deep Field." Astrophysical Journal 521:30–49.
Gingerich, Owen. 1994. "The Summer of 1953: A Watershed for Astrophysics." Physics Today 47: 34–40.
Glanz, James. 1995. "To Learn the Universe's Fate, Observers Clock Its Slowdown." Science 269: 756–57.
——. 1996. "Debating the Big Questions." Science 273: 1168–70.
——. 1997. "New Light on Fate of the Universe." Science 278: 799–800.
——. 1998a. "Exploding Stars Point to a Universal Repulsive Force." Science 279: 651–52.
——. 1998b. "Astronomers See a Cosmic Antigravity Force at Work."
Science 279: 1298–99.
Glazebrook, Karl. 2006. "The WiggleZ Survey." PowerPoint presentation.
Goldhaber, Gerson. 1994. "Discovery of the Most Distant Supernovae and the Quest for Omega." Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LBNL Paper LBL-36361.
Goobar, Ariel, and Saul Perlmutter. 1995. "Feasibility of Measuring the Cosmological Constant Λ and Mass Density Ω Using Type Ia Supernovae." Astrophysical Journal 450: 14–18.
Gunn, James E., and Beatrice M. Tinsley. 1975. "An Accelerating Universe." Nature 257: 454–57.
Guth, Alan H. 1981. "The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems." Physical Review D 23: 347–56.
——. 1998. The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. New York: Basic Books.
Hamuy, Mario, M. M. Phillips, José Maza, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, R. A. Schommer, and R. Aviles. 1995. "A Hubble Diagram of Distant Type Ia Supernovae." Astronomical Journal 109: 1–13.
Happer, W., P. J. E. Peebles, and David Wilkinson. 1999. "Robert Henry Dicke, 1916–1997." Biograph
ical Memoirs 77. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Hemingway, Ernest. 1966. "Indian Camp." In The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Hewitt, Adelaide, Geoffrey Burbidge, and Li Zhi Fang, eds. 1987. Observational Cosmology. Proceedings of the 124th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Beijing, China, August 25–30, 1986. Dordrecht, Neth.: D. Reidel.
Hoyle, F. 1948. "A New Model for the Expanding Universe." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 108: 372–82.
Hubble, Edwin. 1936. The Realm of the Nebulae. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Irion, Robert. 2002. "The Bright Face behind the Dark Sides of Galaxies." Science 295: 960–61.
Kare, Jordin'T., Carlton R. Pennypacker, Richard A. Muller, Terry S. Mast, Frank S. Crawford, and M. Shane Burns. 1981. "The Berkeley Automated Supernova Search." Presented at the North American Treaty Organization/Advanced Study Institute on Supernovae, Cambridge, England, June 28-July 10, 1981.
Kim, A., et al. 1995. "K Corrections for Type Ia Supernovae and a Test for Spatial Variation of the Hubble Constant." Presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute Thermonuclear Supernovae Conference, Aiguablava, Spain, June 20–30, 1995.
Kirshner, Robert P. 2002. The Extravagant Universe: Exploding Stars, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Cosmos. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kolb, Edward W., and Michael S. Turner. 1993. The Early Universe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Kolb, Edward W., Michael S. Turner, David Lindley, Keith Olive, and David Seckel. 1986. Inner Space/Outer Space: The Interface between Cosmology and Particle Physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kragh, Helge. 1996. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. Princeton, NJ: Princet on University Press.
Krauss, Lawrence M., and Michael S. Turner. 1995. "The Cosmological Constant Is Back." General Relativity and Gravitation 27: 1137–44.
Leibundgut, B., J. Spyromlio, J. Walsh, B. P. Schmidt, M. M. Phillips, N. B. Suntzeff, M. Hamuy, R. A. Schommer, R. Aviles, R. P. Kirshner, A. Riess, P. Challis, P. Garnavich, C. Stubbs, C. Hogan, A. Dressler, and R. Ciardullo. 1995. "Discovery of a Supernova (SN 1995K) at a Redshift of 0.478." ESO Messenger 81: 19–20.
Lightman, Alan, and Roberta Brawer. 1990. Origins: The Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Livio, Mario, ed. 2003. The Dark Universe: Matter, Energy, and Gravity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
The 4-Percent Universe Page 30