by Colin Pask
16. Einstein in a letter to a friend, quoted in A. Pais, Subtle Is the Lord: The Science and Life of Albert Einstein (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 30.
17. Robert A. Millikan in his book The Electron, as quoted in J. S. Rigden, Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), p. 37.
18. “The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921: Albert Einstein,” Nobelprize.org, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ (accessed April 7, 2015).
19. Arthur H. Compton, “A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements,” Physical Review 21 (1923): 501.
20. Newton, Opticks, p. 339.
21. Einstein quoted in Bynum and Porter, Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations, p. 279.
22. Einstein quoted in Pais, Subtle Is the Lord, p. 30.
23. Ibid., p. 414.
24. Einstein, letter to Michele Besso dated December 12, 1951, in Banesh Hoffman and Helen Dukas, eds., Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel (New York: Viking, 1972).
CHAPTER 10: BUILDING BLOCKS
1. Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, written around 50 BCE and translated as The Poem on Nature by C. H. Sisson (Manchester, UK: Carcanet, 2006), bk. 1.
2. Richard Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1971), pp. 1–2.
3. James Clerk Maxwell, “Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases,” Philosophical Magazine 9 (1860): 19–32.
4. Albert Einstein, “On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat,” Annalen der Physik 17 (1905): 549–60. See Anna Beck, trans., The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, vol. 2 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), p. 123.
5. Albert Einstein, “On the Theory of Brownian Motion,” Annalen der Physik 19 (1906): 371–81. See Beck, Collected Papers, vol. 2, p. 180.
6. A. Pais, “Introducing Atoms and Their Nuclei,” in Twentieth Century Physics, vol. 1, ed. L. M. Brown, A. Pais, and Sir Brian Pippard (Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995), p. 97.
7. “The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926: Jean Baptiste Perrin,” Nobelprize.org, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1926/ (accessed April 7, 2015).
8. Max Born, “Einstein's Statistical Theories,” in P. A. Schilpp, ed., Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (New York: Harper, 1959), p. 166.
9. G. Kirchhoff and R. Bunsen, “Chemische Analyse durch Spektralbeobachtungen,” Ostwalds Klassiker der exacten Wissenschaften, no. 72 (1860), translated as “Chemical Analysis by Observation of the Spectrum,” in Physical Thought from the Presocratics to the Quantum Physicists: An Anthology, ed. S. Sambursky (New York: Pica, 1975).
10. Johann Jakob Balmer, “Notiz über die Spectrallinien der Wasserstoffs,” Annalen der Physik und Chemie 25 (1885): 80–85 (translated as “The Hydrogen Spectral Series,” in A Source Book in Physics, ed. William Francis Maggie [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963], p. 360).
11. Words spoken to L. Rosenfeld, quoted in Niels Bohr, On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, with a forward by L. Rosenfeld (New York: Benjamin, 1963), p. 39.
12. Vistor Weisskopf quoted in W. F. Bynum and R. Porter, eds., Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 614.
13. Louis de Broglie in the 1929 Nobel lecture in physics (reproduced as “The Wave Nature of the Electron,” in Physical Thought from the Presocratics to the Quantum Physicists: An Anthology, ed. S. Sambursky [New York: Pica, 1975], p. 514).
14. James Chadwick, “Possible Existence of a Neutron,” letter to the editor, Nature 129 (1932): 312.
15. Ibid.
16. Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, translated as Poem on Nature by Sisson, bk. 1.
CHAPTER 11: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
1. Richard Feynman, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985), pp. 7–8.
2. Ibid., p. 7.
3. Ibid.
4. Paul Dirac quoted in W. F. Bynum and R. Porter, eds., Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 179.
5. C. D. Ellis and W. A. Wooster, “The Average Energy of Disintegration of Radium E,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A, cited in A. Pais, “Introducing Atoms and Their Nuclei,” in Twentieth Century Physics, vol. 1, ed. L. M. Brown, A. Pais, and Sir Brian Pippard (Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995), p. 119.
6. Niels Bohr quoted in Pais, “Introducing Atoms and Their Nuclei,” p. 127.
7. Wolfgang Pauli in a letter quoted in Laurie Brown, “The Idea of the Neutrino,” Physics Today (September 1978): 27.
8. Fred Hoyle, Astronomy and Cosmology: A Modern Course (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1975), p. 314.
9. Isaac Newton, when introducing his “axioms, or laws of motion,” in The Principia (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1995), pp. 24–25.
10. Enrico Fermi quoted in Bynum and Porter, Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations, p. 212.
11. Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, written around 50 BCE and translated as The Poem on Nature by C. H. Sisson (Manchester, UK: Carcanet, 2006), bk. 1.
12. Isaac Newton, Opticks (New York: Dover, 1952), p. 400. A reprint of the original 4th ed. published in London in 1730.
13. J. D. Cockcroft and E. T. S. Walton, “Disintegration of Lithium by Swift Protons,” Nature 129 (1932): 649.
14. Sir Arthur Eddington, The Internal Constitution of the Stars (New York: Dover, 1959), p. 289. A reprint of the 1926 original.
15. Lord Kelvin, “On the Age of the Sun's Heat,” Macmillan's Magazine 5 (1862): 388–93.
16. Eddington, Internal Constitution of the Stars, p. 291.
17. Fritz Houtermans quoted in Simon Singh, Big Bang (London: 4th Estate, 2004), p. 302.
18. “The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967: Hans Bethe,” Nobelprize.org, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1967/ (accessed April 7, 2015).
19. Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, “Concerning the Existence of Alkaline Earth Metals Resulting from Neutron Irradiation of Uranium,” Naturwissenschaften 27 (January1939): 12.
20. Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, “Verification of the Creation of Radioactive Barium Isotopes from Uranium and Thorium by Neutron Irradiation; Identification of Additional Radioactive Fragments from Uranium Fission,” Naturwissenschaften 27 (February 10, 1939): 95.
21. Lise Meitner and Otto R. Frisch, “Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: A New Type of Nuclear Reaction,” Nature 143 (January 16, 1939): 239.
22. Robert Serber, The Los Alamos Primer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
23. Ibid.
24. Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, “Peierls-Frisch Memorandum,” reproduced in Serber, Los Alamos Primer, p. 82.
25. From the “Farm Hall transcripts” given in the book by Sir Charles Frank, Operation Epsilon: The Farm Hall Transcripts (Berkley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 71.
26. P. L. Rose, Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project: A Study in German Culture (Berkeley: California University Press, 1998), p. 324.
CHAPTER 12: METHODS AND MOTION
1. Daniel Bernoulli, “Réflexions et éclaircissemens sur les nouvelles vibrations des cordes exposées dans les mémoires de l'Académie de 1747 & 1748,” quoted in Morris Kline, Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972), p. 509.
2. Lord Kelvin quoted in Alan Mackay, A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (Bristol, UK: Adam Hilger, 1991), p. 239.
3. Lord Kelvin quoted in W. F. Bynum and R. Porter, eds., Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 582.
4. Ibid.
5. E. Fermi, J. Pasta, and S. Ulam, “Studies of Nonlinear Problems,” Los Alamos Document LA-1940 (May 1955): 979.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Thierry Dauxois, “Fermi, Pasta, Ulam and a Mysterious L
ady,” Physics Today (January 2008): 57.
9. Robert M. May, “Simple Mathematical Models with Very Complicated Dynamics,” Nature 261 (June 10, 1976): 467.
10. Mackay, Dictionary of Scientific Quotations, originally in Laplace, Théorie Analatique des Probabilité, vol. 3, 1812–1820.
11. Robert May quoted in John Carey, ed., The Faber Book of Science (London: Faber, 1995), p. 504.
CHAPTER 13: EVALUATION
1. Quoted in Patricia Rife, Lise Meitner and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age (Boston: Birkhäuser, 1999), p. 21.
2. Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte quoted in W. F. Bynum and R. Porter, eds., Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 74.
3. Albert Einstein quoted in Bynum and Porter, Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations, p. 201.
4. Sir Arthur Eddington quoted in Alan D. Mackay, Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (Bristol, UK: Adam Hilger, 1991), p. 79.
5. Fred Hoyle quoted in Mackay, Dictionary of Scientific Quotations, p. 123.
6. Robert Millikan quoted in Bynum and Porter, Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations, p. 441.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Baggott, J. Farewell to Reality: How Modern Physics Has Betrayed the Search for Scientific Truth. New York: Pegasus, 2013.
Cohen, I. Bernard. The Triumph of Numbers. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.
Crease, R. P. The Great Equations. New York: Norton, 2008.
———. The Prism and the Pendulum: The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments in Science. New York: Random House, 2004.
Johnson, G. The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments. London: Vintage, 2009.
Malthus, T. R. Essay on the Principle of Population as It Affects the Future Improvement of Society. London: St. Paul's, 1798. (Many versions are available.)
Shamos, M. H. Great Experiments in Physics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1959.
CHAPTER 2: ANCIENT MATHEMATICS
Berggren, L., J. Borwein, and P. Borwein. Pi: A Source Book. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1997.
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Britton, J. P., C. Proust, and S. Shnider. “Plimpton 322: A Review and a Different Perspective.” Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences 65 (2011): 519–66.
Brotton, Jerry. A History of the World in Twelve Maps. London: Penguin, 2013.
Calinger, R. A Contextual History of Mathematics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
Chabert, Jean-Luc, ed. A History of Algorithms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999.
Dijksterhuis, E. J. Archimedes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
George, Andrew. The Epic of Gilgamesh. London: Penguin Books, 1999.
Gill, A. The Rise and Fall of Babylon. London: Quercus, 2011.
Gillings, R. J. Mathematics in the Time of the Pharaohs. New York: Dover, 1972.
Hewath, Sir Thomas. A History of Greek Mathematics. Vol. 2. Oxford: The Clarendon, 1965.
Joseph, G. G. The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics. London: Penguin, 1992.
Martzloff, J.-C. A History of Chinese Mathematics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997.
Neugebauer, O. The Exact Science in Antiquity. New York: Dover, 1959.
Robins, G., and C. Shute. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. London: British Museum Publications, 1987.
Robinson, A. Writing and Script: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Robson, Eleanor. “Mathematics Education in an Old Babylonian Scribal School.” In The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics. Edited by Eleanor Robson and Jacqueline Stedall. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
———. “Neither Sherlock Holmes nor Babylon: A Reassessment of Plimpton 322.” Historia Mathematica 28 (2001): 167–206.
———. “Tables and Tabular Formatting in Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria, 2500BCE–50CE” In The History of Mathematical Tables. Edited by M. Campbell-Kelly, M. Croaken, R. Flood, and E. Robson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
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Stein, S. Archimedes: What Did He Do besides Cry Eureka? Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America, 1999.
Yan, Li, and Du Shiran. Chinese Mathematics: A Concise History. Translated by J. N. Crossley and A. W.-C. Lun. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.
CHAPTER 3: STEPS INTO MODERN MATHEMATICS
Berger, A., and T. P. Hill. “Benford's Law Strikes Back: No Simple Explanation in Sight for Mathematical Gem.” Mathematical Intelligencer 33 (2011): 85–91.
Bruce, I. “The Agony and the Ecstasy—The Development of Logarithms by Henry Briggs.” Mathematical Gazette 86 (2002): 216–27.
———. “Napier's Logarithms.” American Journal of Physics 68 (2000): 148–54.
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Carslaw, H. S. “The Discovery of Logarithms by Napier.” Mathematical Gazette 8 (1915): 76–84, 115–19.
Chabert, Jean-Luc, ed. A History of Algorithms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999.
Conway, J. H., and R. K. Guy. The Book of Numbers. New York: Copernicus Springer-Verlag, 1996.
Devlin, K. The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution. London: Bloomsbury, 2011.
Dunham, W. Euler: The Master of Us All. Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America, 1999.
Edwards, A. W. F. Pascal's Arithmetical Triangle. London: Charles Griffin, 1987.
Euler, L., trans. Introduction to Analysis of the Infinite. By J. D. Blanton. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
Gies, J., and F. Gies. Leonardo of Pisa and the New Mathematics of the Middle Ages. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1969.
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Goldstine, H. H. A History of Numerical Analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977.
Hill, T. P. “The First Digit Phenomenon.” American Scientist 86 (1998): 358–63.
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CHAPTER 4: OUR WORLD
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Galilei, Galileo. Two New Sciences: Translated by Stillman Drake. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1974. (Many versions of this book are available.)
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