Rwanda: gacaca (community justice process) in; genocide (1994) and reconciliation in; Musekeweya (New Dawn) [2004] radio drama in; providing public education about conflict and conflict resolution in; role of institutional democratic organizations in healing of; uneven justice processes as part of reconciliation in
Rwandan genocide (1994): interventions for reconciliation following the; war crime trials (2001–2010) following the
S
Safety needs
SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
Sandy Hook elementary School shooting (2012)
Scapegoating
School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) [Columbia University]
School shootings: Columbine High School massacre; Sandy Hook elementary School shooting (2012)
Schools: Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) psychoeducation on inclusion; Learning Communities Project for; peer mediation in; as place of white culture; structuring constructive controversy in the classroom; whole school programs for mediation
The science of Trust (Gottman)
Scope of justice
Search Conference
Secondary power
Secret negotiation strategy
Security: dilemma related to; during process of reconciliation
Self: dialogic communication preparation of; as element of communication process; self-conception development of the
Self-actualization: needs related to; securing cooperation through appeal to
Self-affirmation strategy: description of; promoting open-minded processing about
Self-conception development
Self-construal: gender differences in contract negotiation; gender-based differences in
Self-control: early childhood development of; middle childhood development of
Self-efficacy: competencies required for; social learning theory on
Self-esteem: adolescence development of; constructive controversy enhancement of; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs on need for; middle childhood development
Self-fulfilling prophecies
Self-interest appeal: negotiation role of; to secure cooperation
Self-reflection
Self-regulation: delay of gratification and “marshmallow test”; essential preliminaries for; flexible attention deployment required for; hot reactions and the emotional brain during; modeling/role play/rehearsal of; motivation and persistence in goal pursuit role of; plans and implementation strategies for
Self-regulation competencies: affect; encoding; encodings; expectancies
Sense of injustice: activating the sense of; definition of; victims and victimizers
Sense of self
Serbian ethnic cleansing
Settlements. See Solutions
Seville Statement on Violence
Sex. See also Gender
Sexualization of women
Shadow box experiments: description and purpose of the; experiment one: interaction of social and cognitive actors; experiment two: comparing cooperative and individualistic orientations
Shame
Shared community: description of; as underlying constructive conflict resolution value
Shared views of history
Sharp’s Dictionary of Power and Struggle (2011)
Shining Path (Peru)
Short-term success in mediation (STSM)
Sierra Leone (1999–2000)
“Silent seething”
Simu-Real
Situated model of power and conflict: on cooperation, competition, and goals; implications for training
Slavery resistance
Social and human polarities
Social change. See Change process
Social Conflict (Pruitt and Kim)
Social dominance orientation (SDO): description of; emotions and; intergroup conflict related to
Social dominance theory
Social environment: as mediation factors; mediation used to improve
Social exchange theory
Social groups: mediation and improve environment of; as source of intergroup conflict
Social identity: social identity theory on; unity-in-diversity
Social Justice Research
Social learning theory: on aggression and violence; on personality
Social media: cyberbullying on; online dispute resolution (ODR); social networks created through
Social negotiation motivation
Social networking sites(SNS)
Social networks: charts on traditional vs. dynamic; conflict resolution strategies in; dynamic network theory on; dynamic network intelligence (DNI) on the; examining the structural linkages and; homophily principle of; increasing research on; international linkages; metrics used to describe; Network Conflict Worksheet; online dispute resolution (ODR); research on conflict in; social media as form of; spread of emotions through. See also Relationships
Social perspective cooperation
Social psychological approaches: direct conflict resolution; indirect conflict resolution; intractability as psychological barrier
Social psychological processes: attitudes (cathexis); inducibility; substitutability
The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation (Rubin and Brown)
The Social Psychology of Groups (Thibaut and Kelley)
Social role expectations: contract negotiation and gender differences in; gender differences in self-construal and
Social roles: BART system on group; environmental power and; gender differences during contract negotiation; gender differences in adapting to context of; gender differences in self-construal and expectations of; mediators’ stressful; Network Conflict Worksheet used to transform network
Social situations: cognitive, motivational, moral orientations of; psychological orientation and. See also Conflict situations
Social-emotional learning: childhood period of; conflict management and; for developing relationships; early childhood development function of conflict for; ECSEL Program curriculum for; empathy; induction role in; modeling role in; perspective taking; self-control and discipline. See also Emotional management
Society of Friends
Sociocracy
Socioemotional reconciliation
Solidarity and caring justice framework: description of; Occupy movement explained by the; rooting solidarity in (our) nature
Solutions: analogical reasoning using; bridging; cost cutting; creative; different integrative approaches to; divide-and-choose approach; expanding the pie; integrative agreements as creativity; negotiation stage of inventing and exploring options for; negotiation stage of reaching; nonspecific compensation; PSDM model focus on problem solving to find good; PSDM model phase of identifying alternative; training in inventing. See also BATNAs (best alternative to a negotiated agreement); Integrative agreements; Outcomes
Sound Relationship House theory (SRH): friendship and intimacy; illustrated diagram of; introduction to; manage conflict constructively; sentiment overrides; shared meaning system
South Africa: apartheid system of; The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Soviet Union: breakup of the; nonviolent struggles against; Salt I and Salt II talks with; Soviet Union-United States talks (1985–1987)
Spanish-US base rights talks (1975–1976)
Specific affect coding system (SPAFF)
“Speech at Cooper Union” (Lincoln)
The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Strong (Wilkinson and Pickett)
Stages of development theory: of adolescence; of early childhood development; Erikson’s psychosocial stages in development; Kohlberg’s moral development stages; of middle childhood; on personality development; Piaget’s social cognitive childhood development
Standard Cross Cultural Sample
States: negotiation with terrorists by; rogue
A Step toward Violence Prevention: NVC curriculum
Stimulus control: description of; hot react
ions from
Strategic Nonviolent Conflict (Ackerman and Kruegler)
Stress: conflict resolution management and controlling levels of; hot/cool model of willpower on impact of; physical impact of chronic; physical impact of emotional; as response to conflict
The Strike (Hiller)
Structural violence
Structured focused comparison (SFC) research
Structuring constructive controversy: in the classroom; concurrence seeking; for decision making; processes of; steps taken for
Subordinate loops
Subsidiarity
Substantive mediator interventions
Substitutability: cooperation-competition theory on role of; definition of; pathologies of
Suffering: acknowledgment of; altruism born of
Suicide terrorists
Sukha (sense of serenity)
Sunflower identity
Superordinate loops
Superordination solution
Survey research
Survivors. See Victims/survivors
Sustained dialogue
SWAT (special weapons and tactics) teams
Symbolism of conflict
Syria
Systematic processing: description of; negotiation settings and heuristic vs.
The systems paradigm of intractable conflict
T
Tactical mediator interventions
Tajikistan independence
“Talk table” device
Tamil Tigers (Sir Lanka)
Target position
Task-oriented learning-mastery orientation
Tasks: BART system on group; definition of
Tavistock Institute of Human Relations
Teacher education: language in peace-building; Peace Education Program (Columbia University); peaceful language implications for
Teachers College (Columbia University)
Team building
Team effect
Teams: building; cooperative conflict; making effort by; T-group (training group) for
Technical Conference
Temperament
Terrorism: airplane hijackings; definition of; failure of traditional diplomacy to stop; history of; media and public opinion regarding; during modern times; 9/11 attacks; by rogue states. See also Hostage negotiation
Terrorists: actions taken by; culture, psychology, values, and goals of; issue of trust when dealing with; negotiating with; political, religious, and criminal profiles of; strategic options for engaging; suicide terrorists; victims of
T-group (training group)
Theory of relative deprivation
Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Style Inventory
THRIL technique
Time series analysis: description of; emic quantitative and qualitative
Time-out
Times Square bomb
The Tipping Point (Gladwell)
Top-down power
Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm (Pim)
Tract 2 diplomacy
Training. See Conflict resolution training
Transformative mediation
Transgender. See LGBTQ community
Transparency, illusion of
Trust: characterizing relationships based on elements of; definition of; differing perspectives on; fundamental difference between distrust and; gradual development of mutual; hostage negotiation and historical gestures and; hostage posting strategy to rebuild; implications for managing conflict; implications of relationships and distrust and; negotiating with terrorists and issue of; of new relationships; relationships as containing elements of both distrust and; repairing broken; trust and betrayal theory on; what happens when it is violated; why it is critical to relationships
Trust and betrayal theory
Trust forms: calculus-based trust (CBT); identification-based trust (IBT)
Truth: changing collective memories and moving toward shared views of history and; as essential for survivors; establishing the complex
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
Turkish-Greek conflict: Burton’s human needs theory developed during the; emotional incremental beliefs on; political action tendencies
Twitter
U
Ubuntu (indigenous knowledge)
Uganda
UN Economic Commission for Europe
UNESCO: Linguapax Program of the; study of indigenous conflict resolution approaches
Unexpected information
United Nations: UN Charter; UN Development Program; UN R2P (Responsibility to Protect) resolution; United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
United States: approach to Syrian conflict by the; complementary movement pioneered at community level in the; National Urban League report on racial inequality in the; 9/11 and other terrorism attacks against the; SALT I negotiation process by the; SALT II negotiation process by the; Soviet Union-United States talks (1985–1987); Spanish-US base rights talks (1975–1976); US embassy hostages in Iran (1979)
Unity-in-diversity identity
Untouchables campaign (1924–1925)
Unwanted repetitive patterns (URPs)
US Department of Justice
US embassy hostages in Iran (1979)
US General Accounting Office
US Postal Service mediation program
US-Canada acid rain talks
V
Values: constructive conflict resolution; fallibility; human equality; of indigenous societies; nonviolence; reciprocity; shared community; of terrorist groups
Ventromedial frontal cortex (VMFC)
Victimizers: acknowledgment of suffering by; blanket pardons for Argentine disappearances; healing the wounds of all parties including the; as moral toward their own moral community; Rwandan genocidaires; sense of injustice by; victim “identification with the aggressor” or
Victim-offender mediation
Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes (Janis)
Victims/survivors: acknowledgment of suffering by; of betrayed trust; establishing the complex truth for; healing the wounds of all parties including; humiliation of; “identification with the aggressor” by; “myths” that justify injustice against; perpetuating the conflict and taking the role of; selection for moral exclusion; sense of injustice by; of terrorism; understanding impact of violence on survivors, perpetrators, and bystanders. See also Forgiveness; Other
Violence: bullying; coordinating attention to long-term structural changes and short-term; defining; Geneva Conventions limitations on war-related; group conflict evolution into intense; healing psychological wounds of; implications for practice related to interventions for; moral exclusion permitted by culturally sanctioned; moral theories on aggression and violence; nonviolent actions employed against; nonviolent vs. violent responses to; normalization of hostility and; reconciliation and the prevention of new; Seville Statement on Violence; structural; understanding impact on survivors, perpetrators, and bystanders; violence and resistance response to. See also Aggression; Domestic violence; War
Violence interventions: conflict resolution programs to change behavior; deescalation; perspective taking; self-reflection
Violence theories: aggression and violence as frustration; biological; cultural theories of aggression and violence; personality; social learning and behavior
Volkan’s tree model of medical prevention
W
Walkaway position
“Wall Street game”
Wall Street Journal
Waorani people (Ecuador)
War: masculinized justifications for violence during; The realist paradigm of intractable conflict on; violence of civil wars; war model of communication. See also Genocide; International conflict; Iraq War; Peace systems; Peace-building practice; Violence
War without Violence (Shridharani)
Well’s taxonomy of group conflict: applied to the Pink Power
organization; five levels of; joining the BART system with; providing a framework for understanding conflict
What Am I Feeling? (DeClaire)
What Makes Love Last? (Gottman and Silver)
White Like Me (Wise)
White Privilege Conference
Whole Scale Change
Whole school programs
Whole-Scale Interactive Events
Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? (Tatum)
Willpower: delay of gratification “marshmallow test” on; description of; essential preliminaries for self-regulation and; how hot reactions and the emotional brain impact; how to enable
Women: adapting to expected context of social roles; aggression related to sexualization of; “black widows” suicide terrorists among; evaluating and adapting conflict resolution style preferences of; female genital cutting; greater empathy of; honor ideologies and violence against; “honor killing” of; negotiating contracts; network access of; preference for conflict resolution strategy by; questions on negotiation not yet answered about; social dominance orientation (SDO) levels in; strategies to improve negotiation outcomes of; wage gap experienced by. See also Gender differences
Work design methods
Working Group on ADR
Work-Out
Workplace: gender differences and contract negotiations; gender differences and negotiating boundaries in the
World Café
World Dignity University initiative
World Economic Forum
World Federation of Modern Language Teachers Association
World Health Organization
Z
ZOPA (zone of potential agreement)
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