by Ron Chernow
32. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 33.
33. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 305.
34. WWF,35:359.
35. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 33.
36. Miles, George and Martha Washington, 39.
37. Ibid., 42.
38. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, 139.
39. MTV. “Early Descriptions, 1800-1841.”
40. Unger, Unexpected Washington, 232.
41. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 276.
42. Flexner, George Washington, 3:196.
43. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, 191.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., 193.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid., 191.
48. Ibid.
49. WWF,34:458. Letter to Elizabeth Parke Custis, February 10, 1796.
50. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, 192.
51. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 62.
52. DiariesA,415.
53. Ibid., 413.
54. PWRT, 1:266. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, July 23, 1797.
55. WWF,35:295. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, November 28, 1796.
56. PWRT,1:153. Letter to Samuel Stanhope Smith, May 24, 1797.
57. Ibid., 1:159. Letter from George Washington Parke Custis, May 29, 1797.
58. WWR,907. Letter to Charles Carter, March 10, 1795.
59. WWF,34:502. Letter to William Pearce, March 20, 1796.
60. Ibid., 34:451. Letter to William Pearce, February 7, 1796.
61. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 308.
62. WWR,911. Letter to William Pearce, May 10, 1795.
63. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 349.
64. WWF, 34:453. Letter to David Stuart, February 7, 1796.
65. Ibid., 35:182. Letter to James Anderson, August 18, 1796.
CHAPTER SIXTY-TWO: THE MASTER OF FAREWELLS
1. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 47.
2. Wright, “Pickering’s Letter.”
3. Stahr, John Jay, 358.
4. WWF,35:37. Letter to Governor John Jay, May 8, 1796.
5. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 505.
6. WWR,938. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, May 15, 1796.
7. Ibid., 946. “Draft of the Farewell Address,” May 15, 1796.
8. Ibid., 948.
9. Ibid., 950. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, June 26, 1796.
10. WWF, 35:104. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, July 5, 1796.
11. Ibid., 35:126. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, July 6, 1796.
12. Ibid., 35:178. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 10, 1796.
13. Ibid., 35:190. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 25, 1796.
14. Freeman, George Washington, 7:403.
15. WWR, 962. “Farewell Address,” September 19, 1796.
16. Ibid., 963.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., 965.
19. Ibid., 968.
20. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington, 237.
21. WWR,968. “Farewell Address,” September 19, 1796.
22. Ibid., 969.
23. Ibid., 973.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid., 975.
27. Ibid., 977.
28. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 54. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 507.
29. Ketcham, James Madison, 366.
30. Ibid.
31. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 37.
32. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 508.
33. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 226.
34. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 349.
35. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 226.
36. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 103.
37. WWF, 34:154. Letter to William Pearce, March 22, 1795.
38. Ibid., 34:476. Letter to William Pearce, February 21, 1796.
39. Wilentz, Rise of American Democracy, 62.
40. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 30.
41. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 224.
42. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 177.
43. WWR,594. Letter to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786.
44. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 268.
45. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 204.
46. Harvey and O’Brien, George Washington’s South, 202.
47. Ibid.
48. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 323.
49. Harvey and O’Brien, George Washington’s South, 202.
50. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 287.
51. WWF, 35:201. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, September 1, 1796.
52. Ibid., 35:202.
53. Ibid.
54. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 326.
55. Ibid.
56. WWF, 35:297. Letter to Joseph Whipple, November 28, 1796.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid., 35:298.
60. Ibid.
61. PWRT,4:237. Letter to Burwell Bassett, Jr., August 11, 1799.
62. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 332.
63. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 204.
64. PWRT, 2:60. Letter to Frederick Kitt, January 29, 1798.
65. Ibid., 2:16. Letter to Frederick Kitt, January 10, 1798.
66. Harvey and O’Brien, George Washington’s South, 203.
67. PWRT, 1:83.
68. Ibid., 1:422. Letter to Bushrod Washington, October 23, 1797.
69. PWRT,1:469. Letter to George Lewis, November 13, 1797.
CHAPTER SIXTY-THREE: EXITING THE STAGE
1. Freeman, George Washington, 7:420.
2. WWR,985. “Eighth Annual Message to Congress,” December 7, 1796.
3. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 236.
4. Sullivan, Public Men of the Revolution, 145.
5. Smith, John Marshall, 182.
6. Grant, John Adams, 384.
7. Freeman, George Washington, 7:425.
8. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 304.
9. Jefferson, Writings, 1319.
10. DiariesA,404.
11. Brady, Martha Washington, 211.
12. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 237.
13. WWF, 35:409. Letter to Henry Knox, March 2, 1797.
14. Ibid., 35:412. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, March 3, 1797.
15. Ibid.
16. Diaries,6:236. Diary entry for March 4, 1797.
17. Freeman, George Washington, 7:437.
18. Ibid.
19. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 434.
20. Irving, Life of George Washington, 613.
21. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 64.
22. Ibid.
23. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:298.
24. Ibid., 3:307.
25. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 35.
26. Ibid., 31.
27. Ibid., 31-32.
28. Grant, John Adams 387.
29. PWRT,1:130. Letter to Mary White Morris, May 1, 1797.
30. Ibid., 1:28. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 11, 1797.
31. Ibid., 1:29.
32. Ibid., 1:52. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 26, 1797.
33. Ibid., 1:25. Letter to Tobias Lear, March 9, 1797.
34. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 241.
35. PWRT,1:71. Letter to James McHenry, April 3, 1797.
36. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 85.
37. Magnet, “Alexander Hamilton,” City Journal, Winter 2009.
38. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 108.
CHAPTER SIXTY-FOUR: SAMSON AND SOLOMON
1. Brady, George Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 31.
2. Ibid.
3. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 240-41.
4. PWRT,1:79. Letter to James Anderson, April 7, 1797.
5. Ibid., 1:335. Letter to Lawrence Augustine Washington, September 3, 1797.
6. Freeman, George Washington, 7:453.
7. WWR,1002-3. Letter to Lawrence Lewis, August 4, 1797.
8. Ib
id.
9. PWRT,1:53. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 26, 1797.
10. WWR,998. Letter to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797.
11. Freeman, George Washington, 7:469.
12. WWR,996. Letter to James McHenry, May 29, 1797
13. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 173.
14. Brady, Martha Washington, 215.
15. WWR,996. Letter to James McHenry, May 29, 1797.
16. Ibid., 996-97.
17. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 84.
18. PWRT, 1:495. Letter to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., December 3, 1797.
19. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 57.
20. PWRT, 2:273. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, May 16, 1798.
21. Ibid., 2:272.
22. Ibid., 2:274.
23. Ibid., 1:79. Letter to James Anderson (of Scotland), April 7, 1797.
24. Ibid., 2:74. Letter to James Anderson, February 6, 1798.
25. Ibid., 1:378-79. Letter to Thomas Law, October 2,1797.
26. WWF, 35:369. Letter to George Dunnington, January 15, 1797.
27. PWRT, 1:247. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 12, 1797.
28. Freeman, George Washington, 7:493.
29. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:267.
30. Ibid., 3:305.
31. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 235-36.
32. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 123.
33. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:310.
34. Callahan, Henry Knox, 361.
35. PWRT, 1:313. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 21, 1797.
36. Ibid., 1:158. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, May 28, 1797.
37. Ibid., 1:384. Letter from Lafayette, October 6, 1797.
38. Ibid., 3:282. Letter to Lafayette, December 25, 1798.
39. Freeman, George Washington, 7:496.
40. PWRT,2:241. Letter to James Lloyd, April 15, 1798.
41. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 245.
42. Brady, George Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 52.
43. PWRT, 2:280. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, May 19, 1798.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid., 2:298. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, May 27, 1798.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid., 3:284. Letter to Lafayette, December 25, 1798.
50. Ibid., 2:310. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, June 2, 1798.
51. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 86.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid., 87.
54. PWRT,2:352. Letter from John Adams, June 22, 1798.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid., 2:369. Letter to John Adams, July 4, 1798.
57. Ibid., 2:370.
58. Ibid., 2:457. Letter to John Trumbull, July 25, 1798.
59. Ibid., 2:383. Letter to James McHenry, July 5, 1798.
60. Ibid., 2:387. Letter from Timothy Pickering, July 6, 1798.
61. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 556.
62. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 93.
63. WWR,1006. Letter to John Adams, July 13, 1798.
64. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 558.
65. Ibid.
66. PWRT, 2:425. Letter to Henry Knox, July 16, 1798.
67. Callahan, Henry Knox, 363.
68. PWRT,2:469. Letter from Henry Knox, July 29, 1798.
69. Ibid., 2:506. Letter to Henry Knox, August 9, 1798.
70. Callahan, Henry Knox, 368.
71. PWRT, 2:563. Letter from Henry Knox, August 26, 1798.
72. Smith, John Marshall, 240.
73. PWRT,3:59. Letter to James McHenry, September 30, 1798.
74. Ibid.
75. Smith, John Marshall, 241.
76. PWRT,3:21. Letter from James McHenry, September 19, 1798.
77. Ibid., 2:589. Letter from James McHenry, September 7, 1798.
78. Ibid., 2:609. Letter from Timothy Pickering, September 13, 1798.
79. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 560.
80. PWRT,3:37. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798.
81. Ibid., 3:38.
82. Ibid., 3:41-42.
83. Ibid., 3:42.
84. Ibid., 3:43.
85. PWRT, 3:123. Letter to Henry Knox, October 21, 1798.
86. Callahan, Henry Knox, 372.
87. PWRT, 3:241. Letter to Lawrence Lewis, December 2, 1798.
88. Ibid., 3:298. Letter to David Stuart, December 30, 1798.
89. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 253.
90. PWRT,3:246. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 7, 1798.
91. Ibid., 3:247.
92. Bordewich, Washington, 61.
93. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 346.
94. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 593.
CHAPTER SIXTY-FIVE: A MIND ON THE STRETCH
1. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 570.
2. WWR,1016. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, November 22, 1798.
3. PWRT,3:287. Letter to William Vans Murray, December 26, 1798.
4. Ibid., 3:398. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 25, 1799.
5. PWRT, 4:51. Letter to Bushrod Washington, May 5, 1799.
6. Bordewich, Washington, 209.
7. PWRT,1:220. Letter to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797.
8. Bordewich, Washington, 211.
9. Ibid., 98.
10. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 346.
11. Thompson, “They Appear to Live Comfortable Together.”
12. PWRT, 2:119. Letter to John McDowell, March 5, 1798.
13. Ibid., 2:448-49. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, July 24, 1798.
14. Ibid., 3:179. Letter to Henry Lee, Jr., November 4, 1798.
15. Ibid., 3:291. Letter to Richard Raynal Keene, December 28, 1798.
16. Ibid., 3:471. Letter to James Welch, April 7, 1799.
17. Ibid., 4:423. Letter to Alexander Addison, November 24, 1799.
18. Ibid., 4:296. Letter to James McHenry, September 14, 1799.
19. Ibid., 4:297.
20. Ibid., 2:109. Letter to William Augustine Washington, February 27, 1798.
21. Ibid., 4:292. Letter to James Anderson, September 10, 1799.
22. Ibid., 4:144. Letter from Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., June 22, 1799.
23. WWR, 1044. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., July 21, 1799.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid., 1045.
27. Ibid.
28. PWRT,4:275-76. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., August 30, 1799.
29. Ibid., 4:276.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., 4:373. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, October 27, 1799.
32. Ibid., 4:401. Letter from James McHenry, November 10, 1799.
33. Ibid., 4:410. Letter to James McHenry, November 17, 1799.
34. Ibid., 4:453. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, December 9, 1799.
35. Ibid.
CHAPTER SIXTY-SIX: FREEDOM
1. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68.
2. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 348.
3. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 79.
4. Ibid.
5. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 351.
6. Ibid., 352.
7. PWRT,2:613. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, September 14, 1798.
8. Ibid., 4:256. Letter to Robert Lewis, August 17, 1799.
9. Ibid., 4:256-57.
10. Ibid., 2:615.
11. Ibid., 1:404. Letter to William Stoy, October 14, 1797.
12. Harvey and O’Brien, George Washington’s South, 197.
13. Freeman, George Washington, 7:583.
14. PWRT, 4:491. “George Washington’s Last Will and Testament,” July 9, 1799.
15. Ibid., 4:479.
16. Ibid., 4:480.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 4:480-81.
22. Ibid., 4:482.
23. Ibid., 4:489.
24. DiariesA,426.
25. WWR, 1050. Letter to Burges Ball, S
eptember 22, 1799.
CHAPTER SIXTY-SEVEN: .HOMECOMING
1. PWRT, 1:520. Letter from Martha Washington to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 17, 1797.
2. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 89.
3. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Howell Lewis, December 9, 1799.
4. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 136.
5. WWR,1051. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, December 12, 1799.
6. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 192.
7. DiariesA,428. Diary entry for December 12, 1799.
8. WWR,1052. Letter to James Anderson, December 13, 1799.
9. PWRT,4:548.
10. DiariesA,428.
11. Ibid., 429.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 202.
15. Ibid.
16. DiariesA,430.
17. Ibid., 430.
18. PWRT, 4:545.
19. DiariesA,430.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 431.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. PWRT 4:491. “George Washington’s Last Will and Testament,” July 9, 1799.
25. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 104.
26. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 26.
27. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 601.
28. Ibid.
29. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 488.
30. DiariesA,423.
31. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 32.
32. Wills, Cincinnatus, 32.
33. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 266.
34. Weintraub, George Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 66.
35. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 229.
36. Neely, “Mason Locke Weems’s Life.”
37. Furstenberg, “Spinning the Revolution,” New York Times, July 4, 2006.
38. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 135.
39. Ibid., 121.
40. Smith, John Marshall, 331.
41. Ibid.
42. Brady, Martha Washington, 226.
43. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 306.
44. MTV. “Early Descriptions 1800-1841.” Letter from Sally Foster Otis to Mrs. Charles W. Apthorp, January 13, 1801.
45. MTV. “Early Descriptions 1800-1841.” Diary of Manasseh Cutler, January 2, 1802.
46. PWRT,4:494.
47. MTV. “Early Descriptions 1800-1841.” Abigail Adams letter, December 21, 1800.
48. Bryan, First Lady of Liberty, 378.
49. PWRT, 4:494.
50. MTV. “Early Descriptions 1800-1841.” Undated letter by Sir Augustus John Foster.
51. Malone, Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty, 3:443.
52. Smith,Correspondence and Miscellanies of the Hon. John Cotton Smith, 224.
53. Smith, John Marshall, 19.
54. MTV. “Early Descriptions 1800-1841.” Diary of Manasseh Cutler, January 2, 1802.
