41 Patrick Henry to Elizabeth Aylett, August 20, 1796, in Henry Family Papers, Virginia Historical Society; Patrick Henry, “To the People of the United States,” Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia), November 15, 1796.
42 Patrick Henry to John Preston, November 29, 1796, in Henry, Patrick Henry, 3:424; Patrick Henry to General Samuel Hopkins, November 29, 1796, in Rhoda Doubleday, Atlantic Between (New York, 1947), 621–22.
43 Patrick Henry to Wilson Cary Nicholas, November 29, 1796, Patrick Henry Letters, Library of Virginia.
44 Albert J. Beveridge, The Life of John Marshall (Boston, 1916–19), 2:411.
45 Patrick Henry to Archibald Blair, January 8, 1799, Patrick Henry Letters, Library of Virginia.
46 Archibald Blair to Patrick Henry, January 13, 1799, in Henry, Patrick Henry, 3:427–28.
47 George Washington to Patrick Henry, January 15, 1799, in The Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition, ed. Theodore Crackel (Charlottesville, VA, 2007).
48 Patrick Henry to George Washington, February 12, 1799, in ibid.
49 John Taylor to James Madison, March 4, 1799, in The Papers of James Madison, ed. David B. Mattern, et al. (Charlottesville, VA, 1991), 17:245–46.
50 Joseph Martin to Patrick Henry, April 2, 1799, in Publications of the Southern History Association 6 (1902): 30.
51 Henry, Patrick Henry, 2:607–10; Douglas Bradburn, “A Clamor in the Public Mind: The Opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts,” William and Mary Quarterly 3rd series, 65, no. 3 (July 2008): 593–94 n.46.
52 Thomas Jefferson to Archibald Stuart, May 14, 1799, in Oberg, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 31:110.
53 Dorothea Henry to Elizabeth Aylett, [June 1799], in “Two Unpublished Henry Letters,” ed. Hugh Buckner Johnston, William and Mary Quarterly 2nd series, 21, no. 1 (January 1941): 33–34.
Epilogue: “Mourn Virginia Mourn!”:
The Legacy of Patrick Henry
1 Vermont Gazette, June 6, 1799, 2.
2 Virginia Gazette, June 11, 1799, in Richard R. Beeman, Patrick Henry: A Biography (New York, 1974), 190.
3 Journal of the House of Delegates (Richmond, VA, 1799), 22.
4 William Wirt, Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry, 15th ed. (New York, 1857), 442–43.
5 Thomas Jefferson to William Wirt, August 4, 1805, in “Jefferson’s Recollections of Patrick Henry,” ed. Stanislaus Henkels, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 34, no. 4 (1910): 387; Andrew Burstein, “Immortalizing the Founding Fathers: The Excesses of Public Eulogy,” in Mortal Remains: Death in Early America, ed. Nancy Isenberg and Andrew Burstein (Philadelphia, 2003), 92; William R. Taylor, Cavalier and Yankee: The Old South and American National Character (New York, 1964), 68–69.
6 Hinton Rowan Helper, Compendium of the Impending Crisis of the South (New York, 1860), 91.
7 Alexander Stephens, A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States (Philadelphia, 1868–70), 163; P. H. Fontaine, “New Facts in Regard to the Character and Opinions of Patrick Henry,” DeBow’s Review (October 1870): 824, 826.
8 Albert J. Beveridge, “The Star of Empire” (1900), at http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/2282/216471.
9 Bernard Mayo, Myths and Men: Patrick Henry, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson (Athens, GA, 1959), 2.
10 www.wallbuilders.com/LIBissuesArticles.asp?id=126; David Limbaugh, Persecution: How Liberals Are Waging War Against Christianity (New York, 2004), 347.
11 George Morgan, The True Patrick Henry (Philadelphia, 1907), 456–62.
12 James Madison, Federalist #48, in The Federalist, ed. George W. Carey and James McClellan (Indianapolis, 2001), 256.
INDEX
Abolitionists
See also Emancipation; Manumissions
Adams, John
First Continental Congress and
on Henry as a military commander
ideological purity of
as presidential candidate
as vice president
Adams, Samuel
Addison, Joseph
Administration of Justice Act
Afghanistan, war in
African-Americans
free, burgeoning population of
smallpox-infected
See also Slavery; Slaves; Slave trade
Age of Reason (Paine)
Albemarle County, Virginia
Alcohol bribes
Alexander the Great
Algerians
Alien Act
Allinson, Samuel
American Philosophical Society
American Revolution
catalysts of the
credit for the
faltering commitment to the war effort in the
final battle of the
greatest orator of the, reputation as the
key grievances remaining from the
legacy of the, concern for the
lingering bitterness following the
most electrifying speech of the
prelude to the
promise of the
sacrifices made in the, as defense against debt collectors
setting the stage for the Civil War
shot that began the
slavery and
state debts incurred during the
See also specific states and people involved in the Revolution
Anglican Church
See also Church of England
Anglicans
Annapolis conference
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Anti-Catholicism
Anti-Christianism
Anti-federalists
Antislavery views
Antoinette, Marie
Arms, right to bear
Arnold, Benedict
Articles of Confederation
Atheism
Authority
center of, shift in the
established, challenging
See also Parliamentary authority
Aylett, Elizabeth Henry (daughter)
Bacon, Nathaniel
Bacon’s Rebellion
Baptism
Baptists
Barbary states and pirates
Barré, Isaac
Barton, David
Benezet, Anthony
Berkeley, Norborne
Berkeley, William
Beveridge, Albert J.
Bible, the
Big government, issue of
See also Consolidated power, issue with
Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom
Bill of Rights
Black people. See African-Americans
Blair, Archibald
Bland, Richard
Bland, Theodorick
Boanerges (“Sons of Thunder”)
Board of Customs
Boone, Daniel
Boston, Massachusetts
Boston Massacre
Boston Port Bill
Boston Tea Party
Boycotts
Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania
Braxton, Carter
Bribery
Britain
modified political union between America and, call for a
post-revolution relations with
Seven Years’ War and
British creditors, repaying, issue of
British government system
British House of Commons
British House of Lords
British settlers, religious, plan to attract
Brunskill, John
Bruton Parish Church
Brutus
Bunker Hill, battle of
Burgoyne, John
Bush, George W.
Caesar, Julius
Caligula
Camden, South Carolina
Camm, John
Canada
Carrington, Edward
Carter, Landon
Carter, Robert
Catholic Church, view toward the
Catholics
Cato
C
ato, A Tragedy (Addison)
Centralized government, danger of. See Consolidated power, issue with
Charleston, South Carolina
Charlotte County, Virginia
Charlotte, North Carolina
Charlottesville, Virginia
Checks and balances, system of
Cherokees
Chesapeake Bay
Chickahominy Indians
Christ. See Jesus Christ
Christian, Anne Henry (sister)
Christian conservatives
Christian republicanism
Christian settlers, attracting, plan of
Christian, William
Christianity
French attacks on
slavery and
See also specific branches and denominations
Christmas menu
II Chronicles 20:15
Church and state, separation of
Church of England
See also Anglican Church; Anglicans; Episcopal Church
Cicero
Cincinnatus
Civil spirituality
Civil War
Civil war, possibility of
Clark, George Rogers
Clark, William
Clinton, George
Clinton, Henry
Cocke, Bowler
College of New Jersey
College of William and Mary
Collier, George
Colonial congress. See First Continental Congress; Second Continental Congress
Commerce
interstate, power to regulate
renewing, with Britain
See also Trade
Committee of correspondence
Common Sense (Paine)
Concord, Massachusetts, battle in
Confederate apologists
Confederation Congress
Mississippi River treaty and the
reluctance to aid Virginia
taxation issue and the
Congresses. See Confederation Congress; First Continental Congress; Second Continental Congress; U.S. Congress
Connecticut
Consolidated power, issue with
See also National vs. state power
Constitutional Convention
Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States (Stephens)
Constitutions. See U.S. Constitution; Virginia Constitution
Contemporary issues, Henry’s thoughts on, speculation over
Continental army
campaign to replace commander of the
creation of the
defeats of the
enlarging the, difficulty of
merging Virginia military regiments into the
problem with state militias in the
recruitment campaign for
sufferings of the, using, in court
supplying the, difficulty of
at Valley Forge
victories of the
Virginia’s perilous state and the
Continental Association
Continental Congress. See First Continental Congress; Second Continental Congress
Continental currency
Cornwallis, Charles (Lord)
Corporate financial bailouts
Corruption
Cowpens, battle of, South Carolina
Creek Indians
Creswell, Nicholas
Crèvecoeur, St. John de
Currency
Custis, John Parke
Custis, Martha. See Washington, Martha
Customs duties/tariffs
See also Taxes
Dabney, George (cousin)
Dandridge, Dorothea. See Henry, Dorothea Dandridge (2nd wife)
Dandridge, Nathaniel West
Davies, Samuel
Deane, Silas
Debt relief, seeking
Debts/indebtedness
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Rights (Virginia)
Declaratory Act
Deism
Demosthenes
Dickinson, John
Doddridge, Philip
Duncanson, James
Dunmore, Governor
Duties. See Customs duties/tariffs
Dysentery
East India Company
Edwards, Jonathan
Emancipation
See also Abolitionists; Manumissions
Enlightenment
Episcopal Church
See also Anglican Church; Anglicans; Church of England
Ethical license
Evangelicals
Eve, George
Executive office. See President, office of
Executive vs. legislative power
Farris, Michael
Fauquier, Francis
Favorable trade status, granting
Federal spending, issue of
Federalist Party
Federalists
opposition to the U.S. Constitution and the
Federalist, The (Madison, Hamilton and Jay)
Financial bailouts of companies
Financial meltdown (2008)
First Amendment
First Continental Congress
initial plan resulting in the
See also Second Continental Congress
First Great Awakening. See Great Awakening
Fithian, Philip Vickers
Fleming, William
Fontaine, Patrick Henry
Fort Detroit, Great Lakes region
Fort Duquesne, Pennsylvania
Fort Necessity battle
France
alliance with
See also French Revolution; Seven Years’ War
Franklin, Ben
Freedom
of the press
religious
of speech
true
See also Liberty
Freeing slaves. See Emancipation
French and Indian War. See Seven Years’ War
French Revolution
Gage, Thomas
Galloway, Joseph
Gardoqui, Don Diego Maria de
Gaspee (British schooner), burning of the
Gates, Horatio
General Assembly of Virginia. See Virginia legislature/assembly
General assessment plan
General Court of Virginia. See Virginia General Court
George III, King of Great Britain
George II, King of Great Britain
George I, King of Great Britain
Georgia
Germantown, Philadelphia
Gilmer, George
Glorious Revolution (1688–89)
God
dependence on
referring to
seeking guidance from
Gooch, William
Goochland County Committee
Gordon, Thomas
Gospel of Mark
Government
big, issue of
colonial, of Virginia
good, Henry’s view of
See also specific government institutions
Governmental power, issue of. See National vs. state power
Governor’s (royal) council
Grayson, William
Great Awakening
Great Bridge battle
Greek republic
Greene, Nathanael
Grenville, George
Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina
Habeas corpus
Hamilton, Alexander
advocate for the new Constitution
Articles of Confederation and
plans to bolster public credit
Hanover County, Virginia
described
Hanover Presbytery
Hanovers, the
Harrison, Benjamin
Hastings, Selma
Helper, Hinton Rowan
Henry, Alexander (son)
Henry, Anne (daughter)
Henry, Anne. See Christian, Anne Henry (sister)
H
enry County, Virginia
Henry, Dorothea Dandridge (2nd wife)
Henry, Edward “Neddy” (son)
Henry, Elizabeth “Betsey” (daughter). See Aylett, Elizabeth Henry (daughter)
Henry, John (father)
Henry, John (son)
Henry, Martha (daughter)
Henry, Patrick
accusations of treason against
advocating strict interpretation of the Constitution
affiliating with Federalists, Jefferson on
Alien and Sedition Acts and
aligning with the Federalist Party
American memory of
anger over Virginia’s perilous state
as an Anglican
animosity between Jefferson and
as anti-federalist
ascension to the House of Burgesses
Barbary states and
as bartender
on the Bill of Rights
birth of
and the Boston Port Bill
brother-in-law on religious beliefs of
call to defend liberty
career of, main themes of the
cheated by his half-brother
childhood of
Christian conservatives’ view of
compared to John Adams
Continental army and
as Continental Congress delegate
corruption and
death of
debate over declaring independence and
declining political office/diplomatic positions
in defense of Christianity
denounced by Dunmore
education of
elected to the House of Delegates
endorsing Marshall for Congress
enhanced popularity of, period of
erroneous reports of his death
on executive power
family of
as a father
financial independence regained by
First Continental Congress and
as first-time land owner
following Cornwallis’s surrender
and the Gaspee commission
general assessment plan and
on God and liberty
as governor of Virginia
Great Awakening and
as greatest orator of the Revolution
historians on
Henry, Patrick (continued)
ideas of, using, during Civil War era
image of, appropriating the, by the Left and the Right
importance of religion to
impost proposal and
indebtedness of
Intolerable Acts and
Patrick Henry Page 30
