karma and, 219
lack of distinctions in, 255
luminous essence of, 277
as neither diminished nor augmented, 40, 41
nonduality of, 139, 220
as originally pristine, 207–8, 219
realizing, 34, 83, 307
seeing, 1, 5, 13, 45, 104, 120, 143, 195, 272–74, 276–79, 296
sense faculties and, 80
as simply thus, 219
source of, 35, 42
as unchanging, 51, 78, 99
as unobtainable, 263
without boundaries, 304
without foundation, 176
of worldlings and saints, 98, 99
Nine Mountain Seon schools (Kusan Seonmun), 18
nirvāṇa, 58, 88, 263
dharma body and, 70
and karmic obstructions, nonduality of, 271
mind-nature and, 136
original, 52, 67
at rest, 137
and saṃsāra, identical characteristics of, 56, 255, 256
transmission of, 166
true form of, 309
“no” (wu/mu) hwadu, 50
no self/nonself, 48–50, 207, 275
noble ones (ārya), 98, 100. See also saints
no-mind, 67, 210
as everyday mind, 127
maintaining, 30–31, 42–43, 44–46
practicing at all times, 114
realizing, 34–35, 175
remaining in, 58–59
as unascertainable, 196
nonabiding, 155, 166, 205, 253, 286
nonaction, 159, 211–12, 219, 263
non-Buddhist paths, 64, 146, 155, 156, 194, 206, 226, 256, 278, 326n123, 331n185
nondual dharma, 12, 149, 159, 161, 208, 248, 271, 273
nonduality, 256, 307–8
of appearances and dharma, 257
of Buddhadharma, 201
of buddhas and sentient beings, 100, 148–50
of karmic obstructions and nirvāṇa, 271
of middle way, 144, 191, 250
of mind and dharmas, 147
of nature, 139, 220
of one mind, 184
pointing directly to, 152
of practice and nonpractice, 311
as real characteristic of things, 278
revealing, 158, 178
of speech and silence, 285
of teachings and dharma, 263–64
See also dharma gate of nonduality
nonexistence, 21, 176, 254
attachment to, 169
concept of, 105, 127, 155
of dharmas, 62
dharmas subject to, 111
transcending, 103, 141
view of, 161, 269, 271
nonpractice, 311
no-thought, 26, 31, 155, 195, 206–7, 245
no-training (aśaikṣa), 143–44
numinosity, 38, 57–58, 128, 201, 220, 254, 258, 282
numinous terrace, 282
nutriment, four types, 318n28
O
obstacles and obstructions, 61, 143, 159, 161, 207, 213–14, 276–78. See also hindrances
offerings, 30, 79, 317n16
old age and death, link of, 281
one mind, 137–38, 149–50, 152, 292
awakening to, 27
bodhisattvas as, 33
buddhas and sentient beings as, 21–24, 25, 27–29
as one seminal brightness, 80–81
as only gate, 311
as revealed, 262
skillful means and, 144, 289
transmission of, 19, 172
as ultimate, 160–61
one vehicle, 82–83, 137–38, 152, 157, 320n45
one-mind dharma, 173–75, 201–2
ordinariness, 155
ordinary people, 63–64, 65, 67, 73–74, 166–67, 302
original face, 35, 40, 106, 110, 198, 232, 258, 262
original face before your parents conceived you, 120, 231, 322n76
original ground, 215, 276, 281–82
Original Matter, 217
original mind, 9, 97, 251
according with, 217
awakening to, 268
buddha as, 47, 178
and designations, nonduality of, 257–58
as dharma gate of nonduality, 284
essence of, 161–62
forgetting, 73
free from characteristics, 63–64
functioning of, 203–4
losing, 21–22, 29
nature of, 266
not conforming with, 81
as not separate, 25–26
pristine, 63, 100
recognizing, 142–43
recovering, 188
revealing, 206, 291–92
seeking dharma outside, 283
as serene and pure, 49–50
sites of recognition of, 43–44
thought and, 195
transmission of, 166–67
understanding, 260–61
original share (benfen/bonbon), 91
original/fundamental place, 21–22, 52–53, 76, 116, 119, 158, 160, 194, 212, 249, 309
originally thus, 33–34, 144, 156
P
pain, 60, 180, 190–91, 292–93
Pāpīyāṃs, 209
path of cultivation, 288
path of training, 175–76
path of vision, 288
patience, 115. See also forbearance
Patriarchal Seon, 13, 37, 245–46, 250, 306
patriarchs
abode of, 263
Indian, 140, 308
intent of, 298, 299
symbolic flag of, 121
transmission of, 152
See also Bodhidharma; Hongren; Huike; Huineng; Sengcan
peace of mind and correct course in life (anxin liming / ansim immyeong), 172, 206, 217
Pei Xiu, 7–8, 12
breakthrough of, 159
defense of Huangbo, 230
discriminations of, 149
fear of, 86
as grand councilor, 125, 323n80
habituations of, 99
and Huangbo, relationship between, 19–20, 22, 70, 84–85, 107, 122, 136, 150, 151, 242
meeting Huangbo, 239, 264
naming of, 242
poem for Huangbo, 243–44
questions of, benefit to others from, 97–98, 136, 150, 165, 177–78
rushing his understanding, 107
sudden awakening of, 13, 14, 22, 37, 122
tomb of, 168
penetrative awakening, 77, 99, 108, 112, 117, 119, 171, 172, 276
perception, 58, 132, 272–74, 278–79, 291
perceptual environment, 61, 73–74, 181
perceptual objects, 35
perfection (pariniṣpanna), 158
person without concerns (wushiren/musain), 95, 108, 320n51
phenomena, 23
accepting as they are, 302
arising of, 285
characteristics of, removing, 216
chasing external, 194–95, 212, 292
clinging to, 213–14
conditioned and unconditioned, 110
diversity of, 102
as illusions, 94
and mind, relationship between, 74, 198–99
nature and, 309
ordinary approach to, 73–74
and phenomena, unimpeded interpenetration between, 188
thoughts and, 206, 254
physical eyes, 47, 278, 279, 301
prajñā, 63–64, 66
Prajñātāra, twenty-seventh Indian patriarch, 308
pratyekabuddha path, 64, 65, 70
pratyekabuddhas, 40, 50, 51, 71–72, 111, 189, 308, 319n39
preaching the dharma, 79, 83, 87, 95, 129–30, 165, 173–74, 190, 191, 214, 222, 275, 285–86
primary phrase (yiju/ilgu), 281
principle, 19, 108, 254
access via, 139
all dharmas as manifesting, 114
arising of, 308
clinging to, 218<
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conceptual understanding of, 138
mundane, 109
obstructions to, 73–74, 157
realization of, 46
as signless, 81
as true emptiness, 31–32
without extremes or middle, 21
production and cessation, 64, 68
dharmas subject to, 71, 113, 117
elements of cognition and, 49–50
freedom from, 308
mind subject to, 53, 282, 303
of sound, 284, 333n205
prophecies, 40–41, 184, 259, 294–95, 317n20
provisional teachings, 70
dharma body in, 296, 297
language in, 25, 87, 92, 101, 109
limitations of, 161, 172–73
on meditation, 64, 288
for new practitioners, 178
purpose of, 248, 249–50, 261
Seon view of, 202
See also expedient instructions
Puṇyamitra, 203
pure lands, 167, 209, 213–14
Pure Name (Vimalakīrti), 32, 33
Q
quiescence, 7, 25, 55–56, 61, 131
R
ratiocination, 71, 91–92, 95
rational Seon (uiri Seon), 217
“real characteristics of things,” 114. See also characteristics, true
realization-awakening (zhengwu/jeungo), 217
rebirth
in accord with intention, 212–13
in baleful destinies, 208–9
causes of, 143–44
cycle of, 74, 158
deluded appearances of, 52
inclination toward, lack of, 68
recollection of, 269, 270
sense faculties and, 80
Recitations of the Buddhas Sūtra, 160
Recorded Sayings of the Four Houses, 13, 317n12
refuge, 163
refutations, 88–89, 90
relative truth. See conventional truth
relativity, 298–99, 306
relics (śarīra), 300–2
relinquishment, 54, 74, 75–76, 145
renunciation, fruits of, 93
retention, 145
retreats, 4–5, 6
reward body (saṃbhogakāya), 78, 79–80, 129–30, 185, 286
root, original/fundamental, 251, 254, 274, 286, 294, 301, 302
S
sagacity, three levels of, 112, 247, 248, 256, 273, 274, 321n63, 330n174
saints, 210
acknowledging, 101
concept of, 143, 144
as discrimination, 102
as flash of lightning, 116
transcending sphere of, 145–46
true nature of, 139
and worldlings, as originally not different, 131–32
Śākya clan, 262
Śākyamuni Buddha, 13, 94–95, 149–50, 184
appearance of, 141, 304, 306
body of, 300–301
declaration upon birth, 173
emulating, 309
enlightenment of, 147
holding up flower, 76
as Kṣāntivādin, 193–94, 291–92
perception of, 267–68
practices of, 85
prophecy about, 40–41, 184, 259, 294–95, 317n20
sharing seat with Mahākāśyapa, 83, 320n46
slandering, 81–82
speech of, 182
teaching of, 174
vastness of, 307
salvation, 135–36, 141–42, 149, 160, 168, 255, 256, 289
samādhi of no-thought, 26
Samantabhadra, 31–32, 160, 307
saṃsāra, 37, 56, 255, 256. See also cycle of birth and death
sanctity, 155, 258, 321n63
sanctity, ten stages of. See ten stages (bhūmi)
saṅgha, 119, 162–63, 165, 167, 326n127
Śāriputra, 306
seeking, 86–87
buddha through his voice, 165, 326n130
freedom from, 53, 108
futility of, 100–101
stopping, 262–63
suffering of, 128
without attachment, 163–64, 326n128
self, 41, 48, 130
clinging to, 166
perception of, 106
subjective sense of, 57
views of, 247, 256
self-examination, 132
self-nature, 195, 220, 221, 260
of all buddhas, 249
expedient descriptions of, 273
purity of, 119, 169, 185, 206–7
realizing, 198
sublime functioning of, 212
Sengcan, Third Patriarch, Verses on Faith in Mind, 157, 159
sense bases, six, 49–50, 58, 80, 281
sense consciousnesses, 49–50, 80, 132, 283, 287
sense contact, 281
sense faculties/organs, 80, 174, 261, 262, 283
sense objects, six, 80, 174, 261, 262, 283
clinging to, 56–57, 66, 287
escaping, 212
freedom from, 65
mind and, 59–60, 61, 67–69
as mirages, 49–50
sense spheres, 196
sensory experience/phenomena, 105, 312
sentient beings
buddha nature of, 46, 151, 201, 301
and buddhas, as neither same nor different, 151–52
and buddhas, discriminating between, 178–79, 310
and buddhas, lack of difference between, 22–24, 28–29, 34–35, 41, 56, 72, 93, 100, 159–60, 249, 255–56
characteristics of, 29
as concept, 154–55
faith of, 81–82
as false views, 142–43, 161
feet of, 308–9
as marked by bodhi, 183, 185
mental capacities of, 153
nature of, 33, 139, 144, 147
salvation of, 141–42
sensing and perceiving by, 132
Seon masters, 139
confirmation by, 221
with immature and mature students, differences between, 178–79
intention of, 202
as “living patriarchs,” 139–40
on mind and no-mind, 127
nondiscrimination of, 165
with other monks, 246–47
role of, 114, 212
techniques of, 12–13, 102–3, 153, 166–67, 171, 182, 191, 222, 250, 251–52, 258, 263, 276
use of expedients by, 131
Seon school, 1, 10, 159, 312–13, 315n1, 324n93
as beyond training and no-training, 144
direct pointing in, 140, 157, 161–62
doubt in, 157
experience, importance of in, 290
false practitioners of, 217, 240–41, 250
foundation of, 239
goal of, 11–12
knowledge and concepts in, view of, 90–91
lineage of, 13, 18
method of, 116, 253
one mind in, 152
person without concerns in, 95
practitioners of, 110, 115, 298, 302
on provisional explanations, 201–2
on relics, 300–301
as shortcut to freedom, 137
single-flavor, 227, 228
sudden awakening in, 297
three essentials of practice in, 218, 329n167
true essence in, 282
See also ganhwa Seon; Patriarchal Seon; Tathāgata Seon
Seoul, 7
sequential approach. See gradual/sequential stages
Seven Schools, 13, 234
Shenxiu, 118, 120, 121, 169
Shide, 226
signlessness, 67, 75, 81, 155, 200, 206, 237, 259, 260, 288
signs, auspicious and horrific, 68
silent illumination (mozhao/mukjo), 153
Silsangsan school, 18
single taste, 328n144
six perfections, 6
awakening and, 32
as expedients, 26–27, 134
as inherent in mind, 24
/> as mirages, 128–29
self-nature and, 274
transformation body and, 78
six rebirth destinies, 111, 187–89
as created by mind, 207
cycling through, 63–64, 201, 205–6, 249
escaping, 99, 210
faith in, 71–72
imprints of, 288
as nature, 272, 277
nondual natures of, 255, 256
skillful means, 144, 289, 318n24
“Snowy Mountains Gāthā,” 114
Song dynasty, 191, 234
Sorrowless (Aśoka) Tree, 173
Sources of the Five Lamplights [of Chan], 270
Southern school, 19, 310
speech, 179
of Buddha, 182, 285–86
buddhahood as not involving, 120
eradicating pathway of, 221
five types of, 47
limitations of, 174, 184
mind as, 202–3
See also language
spiritual capacities/faculties, 30, 36, 149
buddha bodies and, 79–80
provisional explanations and, 61, 62, 84–85
vehicles and, 45, 82, 95, 109, 138, 250
and vigor, degrees of, 193
spiritual mentors/masters, 23
being one’s own, 289
evaluation by, 48, 221
“malady” of, 114
need for, 46, 60, 110, 184, 204, 211
role of, 37, 92, 108, 132, 191, 275
seeking outside for, 282
view of, 85
See also Seon masters
spiritual practice, 1, 43
assumptions about, 64
authentic, 222
disruptions to, 66
focus of, 209
mature and immature, 74
modicum of, 311
natural maturation of, 114–15
turning one’s back on, 45
two approaches to, 36
śramaṇas, 93, 331n185
śrāvaka path, 64, 70
śrāvakas
attainments of, 50, 51–52, 72
as buddhas, 51, 72
dwelling of, 189
faith of, 71–72
ignorance and, 307–8
limited understanding of, 75, 287–88, 319n39
mental capacity of, 45
as nature, 40
Subhūti, 136, 194
subject and object, 57, 68, 71, 77, 211, 255, 274
Subul Sunim, 1–2
biographical information, 9–10
commentary of, 9
training for laypeople, 3–5
suchness, 31, 52, 94, 135–36
sudden awakening, 4, 67, 161–62, 253
accompanied by sudden cultivation, 1, 14
attaining, 73, 94, 99, 312
capacity for, 74
as definitive teaching, 297
freedom from thought and, 109
of Huangbo, 101
of Huineng, 169, 205
importance of, 92
lineage of, 19
masters’ intercession in, 122, 182
one mind in, 22
practice after attaining, 84–85
through seeing the nature, 13
transcending signlessness, 200
sudden leap, 113, 114
Sudhana, 191, 281, 282
suffering, 275
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