16. Donald Scribner oral history, EC.
17. Sorvisto, Roughing It with Charlie, pp. 35–36. Sorvisto wrote this pamphlet in the summer of 1945. Lieutenant Salomon told him, “Hell, yes, I will take another boat ride, preferably to the coast of Japan!”
18. Heinz, “I Took My Son to Omaha Beach,” p. 25.
19. Lane, Rudder’s Rangers, p. 78.
20. Frank South oral history, EC.
21. James Eikner oral history, EC.
22. George Kerchner oral history, EC.
23. Elmer Vermeer oral history, EC.
24. Heinz, “I Took My Son to Omaha Beach,” p. 25; Elmer Vermeer oral history, EC.
25. George Kerchner oral history, EC.
26. Gene Elder oral history, EC.
27. Sigurd Sundby oral history, EC.
28. Frank South oral history, EC.
29. James Eikner oral history, EC.
30. Frank South oral history, EC.
31. George Kerchner oral history, EC.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. James Eikner oral history, EC.
35. Frank South oral history, EC.
36. Elmer Vermeer oral history, EC.
37. James Eikner and Elmer Vermeer oral histories, EC.
38. Elmer Vermeer oral history, EC.
39. Heinz, “I Took My Son to Omaha Beach,” p. 26.
40. Black, Rangers in World War II, p. 218.
41. Lane, Rudder’s Rangers, p. 124.
42. Ibid., p. 130.
43. Historical Division, War Department, Omaha Beachhead, p. 91.
44. Lane, Rudder’s Rangers, p. 140.
45. Gene Elder oral history, EC.
46. Salva Maimone oral history, EC.
47. Elmer Vermeer oral history, EC.
48. James Eikner oral history, EC.
22. UP THE BLUFF AT VIERVILLE
1. Joseph Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1989), pp. 153–54.
2. Felix Branham oral history, EC.
3. Robert Walker oral history, EC.
4. 741st action report, Aug. 4, 1944, copy in EC.
5. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 81.
6. Cecil Breeden memoir, EC.
7. Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, p. 156.
8. Ibid., p. 157.
9. Shea to chief of staff, 1st Infantry Division, June 16, 1944, copy in EC.
10. Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, p. 158.
11. Robert Miller, Division Commander: A Biography of Major General Norman D. Cota (Spartanburg, S.C.: Reprint Company, 1989), p. 8.
12. Henry Seitzler oral history, EC.
13. Harry Parley oral history, EC.
14. Memoir to HQ Company, 116th Infantry, copy in EC.
15. Warner Hamlett oral history, EC.
16. John Raaen oral history, EC.
17. Jack Keating oral history, EC.
18. John Raaen oral history, EC.
19. Victor Fast oral history, EC.
20. Francis Dawson oral history, EC.
21. John Raaen oral history, EC.
22. George Kerchner oral history, EC.
23. Jay Mehaffey memoir, EC.
24. John Raaen oral history, EC.
25. Victor Fast oral history, EC.
26. Gale Beccue oral history, EC.
27. John Raaen oral history, EC.
28. John Raaen oral history, EC.
29. Carl Weast oral history, EC.
30. Victor Fast oral history, EC.
31. Carl Weast oral history, EC.
32. Historical Division, War Department, Omaha Beachhead, p. 92.
23. CATASTROPHE CONTAINED
1. Omar Bradley and Clay Blair, A General’s Life: An Autobiography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), p. 249.
2. Max Hastings, Overlord (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 92.
3. Bradley and Blair, A General’s Life, p. 251.
4. Eisenhower interview, EC.
5. Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951), p. 320.
6. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 87.
7. Chester Wilmot, The Struggle for Europe (London: Collins, 1952), p. 259.
8. Chester Hansen diary, June 6, 1944, American Military Institute archives, Carlisle, Pa.
9. Graham Cosmas and Albert Cowdrey, The Medical Department: Medical Service in the European Theater of Operations (Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1992), p. 211.
10. Ibid., pp. 211–12.
11. Ibid., p. 214.
12. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 82.
13. Harding Action Report, June 6, 1944, copy in EC.
14. Charles Cooke diary, June 4–8, 1944, copy in EC.
15. Hyman Haas oral history, EC.
16. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 83.
17. Al Smith lecture transcript on Operation Overlord, copy in EC.
18. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 82.
19. Ibid., p. 87.
20. Ibid.
21. Forrest Pogue interview with John Spaulding, copy in EC.
22. Andy Rooney interview with Joe Dawson, copy in EC.
23. Forrest Pogue interview with John Spaulding, copy in EC.
24. Al Smith lecture, copy in EC.
25. Fred Hall oral history, EC.
26. Information provided by Maj. Gen. Al Smith in letter to author, EC.
27. John Ellery oral history, EC.
28. Samuel Eliot Morison, Invasion of France and Germany 1944–1945 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), p. 150.
29. Eldon Wiehe oral history, EC.
30. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 87.
31. Bradley and Blair, General’s Life, pp. 251–52.
32. Joseph Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1989), p. 168.
24. STRUGGLE FOR THE HIGH GROUND
1. John Raaen oral history, EC.
2. Paul Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming! (New York: Dutton, 1963), pp. 83–84.
3. Carl Weast oral history, EC.
4. Donald Nelson oral history, EC.
5. William Lewis memoir, in John Robert Slaughter’s collection of D-Day stories, copy in EC.
6. Pierre Piprel oral history, EC.
7. Gale Beccue oral history, EC.
8. Harry Parley oral history, EC.
9. Carl Weast oral history, EC.
10. Jay Mehaffey oral history, EC.
11. Harding action report, copy in EC.
12. Michel Hardelay oral history, EC.
13. John Robert Slaughter memoir, EC.
14. Historical Division, War Department, Omaha Beachhead, p. 95.
15. Francis Dawson oral history, EC.
16. Jay Mehaffey oral history, EC.
17. Paul Calvert memoir, EC.
18. Joseph Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1989), p. 164.
19. John Hooper oral history, EC.
20. Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, pp. 165–66.
21. Andy Rooney interview with Joe Dawson, copy in EC.
22. Harding action report, copy in EC.
23. Charles Ryan oral history, EC.
24. Graham Cosmas and Albert Cowdrey, The Medical Department (Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1992), p. 202.
25. Franz Gockel memoir, EC, translated by Derek Zumbro.
26. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, pp. 113–14; Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, pp. 171–74.
27. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 110.
28. Carl Weast oral history, EC.
25. “IT WAS JUST FANTASTIC”
1. Oscar Rich oral history, EC.
2. Charles Cooke oral history, copy in EC.
3. Vince Schlotterbeck letter to “Dear Friends,” May 22, 1945, copy in EC.
&nbs
p; 4. M. C. Marquis oral history, EC.
5. Historical Division, War Department, Omaha Beachhead, p. 102.
6. Ibid., p. 104.
7. Ibid.; The “B” Battery Story: The 116th AAA Gun Battalion (Mobile) with the First U.S. Army (Passaic, N.J.: The B Battery Association, 1990).
8. Dean Rockwell oral history, EC.
9. Ernest Hemingway, “Voyage to Victory,” Collier’s, July 22, 1944.
10. James Roberts oral history, EC.
11. Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack (Washington, D.C.: Dept. of the Army, 1951), p. 333.
12. David Irving, Hitler’s War (New York: Viking, 1977), p. 639.
13. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 115.
14. Joseph Goebbels, The Goebbels Diaries (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1948) p. 620.
15. Irving, Hitler’s War, p. 640.
16. Eisenhower to Marshall, June 6, 1944, EL.
17. Harry Butcher diary, June 6, 1944, EL.
18. Newsweek, June 19, 1944.
19. Henry Seitzler oral history, EC.
20. Robert Healey oral history, EC.
26. THE WORLD HOLDS ITS BREATH
1. Unsigned piece in the Helena Independent-Record, June 6, 1944.
2. New Orleans Times Picayune, June 7, 1944.
3. Judy Barrett Litoff and David C. Smith, Since You Went Away: World War II Letters from American Women on the Home Front (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 149.
4. Ibid., p. 140.
5. Dwight Eisenhower interview, EC.
6. New Yorker, June 10, 1944.
7. From a CBS advertisement quoting letters received on the network’s D-Day coverage, in the July 15, 1944, New Yorker.
8. New York Times, June 7, 1944.
9. New Yorker, June 10, 1944.
10. Ibid.
11. New York Times, June 7, 1944.
12. Ibid.
13. Time, June 12, 1944.
14. Wall Street Journal, June 7, 1944.
15. New York Times, June 7, 1944.
16. New Yorker, June 14, 1944.
17. New York Times, June 7, 1944.
18. Ibid.
19. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Letters to Mamie (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1978), pp. 184–85.
20. Ibid., p. 189; Time, June 14, 1944.
21. Washington Post, June 7, 1944.
22. New York Times, June 7, 1944.
23. Ibid.
24. Time, June 14, 1944.
25. Bedford Bulletin, June 8, July 6, July 20, 1944.
26. New Orleans Times Picayune, June 7, 1944.
27. Ibid.
28. New York Times, June 7, 1944.
29. Ohio State Journal (Columbus), June 7, 1944.
30. Columbus Evening Dispatch, June 6, 1944; Columbus Star, June 7, 1944.
31. Milwaukee Journal, June 7, 1944.
32. Atlanta Constitution, June 7, 1944.
33. Missoulian, June 7, 1944.
34. Helena Independent Record, June 7, 1944.
35. Atlanta Constitution, June 7, 1944.
36. Helena Independent Record, June 7, 1944.
37. Newsweek, June 19, 1944.
38. Mollie Panter-Downes, “Letter from London,” New Yorker, June 10, 1944.
39. “Letter from London,” New Yorker, June 17, 1944.
40. The Times (London), June 7, 1944.
41. Ibid.
42. A. M. Sperber, Murrow: His Life and Times (New York: Freundlich Books, 1986), p. 241.
43. Warren Tute, John Costell, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 225.
44. Anthony Brooks oral history, EC.
45. Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen (London: B. T. Batsford, 1945), p. 162.
46. Daniel Lang, “Letter from Rome,” New Yorker, June 17, 1944.
47. Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl, tr. B. M. Mooyaart (New York: Doubleday, 1967), pp. 266–68.
48. Time, June 17, 1944.
49. Alexander Werth, Russia at War, 1941–1945 (New York: Dutton, 1964), pp. 853–55.
50. The Times (London), June 7, 1944.
27. FAIRLY STUFFED WITH GADGETS
1. Imperial War Museum interview with Hammerton, copy in EC.
2. Imperial War Museum interview with Kenneth Ferguson, copy in EC.
3. Imperial War Museum interview with Cyril Hendry, copy in EC.
4. Imperial War Museum interview with George Honour, copy in EC.
5. Imperial War Museum interview with Kenneth Ferguson, copy in EC.
6. L. F. Ellis, Victory in the West (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1962), 1: 212–13.
7. Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect 1880–1952 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), p. 300.
8. F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp. 134–35.
9. Paul Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming! (New York: Dutton, 1963), p. 89.
10. Warren Tute, John Costello, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 197.
11. Ibid.
28. “EVERYTHING WAS WELL ORDERED”
1. Warren Tute, John Costello, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 197.
2. Russell Miller interview with Pat Blamey, copy in EC.
3. Tute, Costello, and Hughes, D-Day, p. 174.
4. Ibid., p. 175.
5. Russell Miller interview with Pat Blamey, copy in EC.
6. Ronald Seaborne memoir, EC.
7. Brian T. Whinney oral history, EC.
8. Joseph Barrett memoir, EC.
9. Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951), pp. 330–31.
10. Ronald Seaborne memoir, EC.
11. Tute, Costello, and Hughes, D-Day, p. 202.
12. André Heintz interview, EC.
13. Tute, Costello, and Hughes, D-Day, p. 202.
14. Brian T. Whinney oral history, EC.
29. PAYBACK
1. John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris (New York: Penguin Books, 1983), p. 130.
2. IWM interview with Josh Honan, EC.
3. Gerald Henry oral history, EC.
4. Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy, pp. 132–33.
5. Gerald Henry oral history, EC.
6. Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy, p. 138.
7. IWM interview with John Honan, EC.
8. Imperial War Museum interview with Roland Johnston, copy in EC.
9. Tom Plumb memoir, EC.
10. Russell Miller interview with Sigie Johnson, EC.
11. Warren Tute, John Costello, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 207.
12. Reginald Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy (Ottawa: Canadian War Museum, 1984), p. 13.
13. Tute, Costello, and Hughes, D-Day, p. 209.
14. Robert Rogge oral history, EC.
15. G. W. Levers diary, copy in EC.
16. IWM interview with Roland Johnston, copy in EC.
17. Russell Miller interview with Cyril Hendry, EC. See also David Howart, Dawn of D-Day (London: Collins, 1959), pp. 218–21.
18. Gerald Henry oral history, EC.
19. Russell Miller interview with Sigie Johnson, EC.
20. Tute, Costello, and Hughes, D-Day, p. 209.
21. Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy, pp. 137–38.
22. Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy, pp. 16–17.
23. Ibid., p. 15.
24. Stanley Dudka oral history, EC.
25. Robert Rogge oral history, EC.
26. Stanley Dudka oral history, EC.
27. Gerald Henry oral history, EC.
28. G. W. Levers diary, copy in EC.
29. Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy, pp. 22–23.
30. Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy, p. 142.
30. “AN UNFORGETTABLE SIGHT”
1. Rupert Curtis memoir, copy in EC.
2. Russell Miller
interview with Kenneth Ferguson, EC.
3. Slazak action report, 6/6/44, copy in EC.
4. Russell Miller interview with Etienne Robert Webb, EC.
5. M. R. D. Foot interview, EC.
6. Interview with Robert Piauge, EC.
7. Russell Miller interview with R. Porteous, EC.
8. Kenneth Wright to his parents, 6/11/44, copy in EC.
9. Rupert Curtis memoir, EC.
10. Harold Pickersgill interview, EC.
11. Jacqueline Thornton interview, EC.
12. Harry Nomburg oral history, EC.
13. Peter Masters oral history, EC.
14. Paul Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming! (New York: Dutton, 1963), pp. 98–101; John Brown oral history, EC.
15. Napier Crookenden, Drop Zone Normandy (New York: Scribners, 1976), p. 235.
16. Rupert Curtis memoir, EC.
31. “MY GOD, WE’VE DONE IT”
1. Jack Bailey oral history, EC.
2. John Howard interview, EC.
3. Richard Todd interview, EC.
4. Todd Sweeney interview, EC.
5. Wally Parr interview, EC.
6. Nigel Taylor interview, EC.
7. Wagger Thornton interview, EC.
8. John Howard interview, EC.
9. Hans von Luck interview, EC.
10. Werner Kortenhaus interview, EC.
11. Peter Masters oral history, EC.
12. By Air to Battle: The Official Account of the British First and Sixth Airborne Divisions (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1945), p. 87.
13. Peter Masters oral history, EC.
14. John Durnford-Slater, Commando: Memoirs of a Fighting Commando in World War Two (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1991), pp. 192–93.
15. Nigel Taylor interview, EC.
16. Wally Parr interview, EC.
17. Huw Wheldon, Red Berets into Normandy (Norwich: Jarrold & Sons, 1982), p. 16.
18. Napier Crookenden, Drop Zone Normandy (New York: Scribners, 1976), p. 231.
19. Imperial War Museum interview with J. Tillett, EC.
20. Crookenden, Drop Zone Normandy, p. 228.
21. Nigel Taylor interview, EC.
32. “WHEN CAN THEIR GLORY FADE?”
1. IWM interview with Josh Honan, EC.
2. John Robert Slaughter memoir, EC.
3. John Raaen oral history, EC.
4. Harry Parley oral history, EC.
5. Jack Bailey oral history, EC.
6. John Reville oral history, EC.
7. Robert Zafft oral history, EC.
8. Felix Branham oral history, EC.
9. John Ellery oral history, EC.
10. Ramsay diary entry provided by Bob Love.
11. Richard Winters oral history and diary, EC.
The Victors: Eisenhower and His Boys Page 112
