Nican tlaca, 360
Nicaragua, 159
Nicholas, Thomas, 245–46, 443–44n
Nicuesa, Diego de, 158
Nixon, Richard, 323
Noche Triste, 34, 57–58, 172, 286–87, 306, 312, 313, 317–18
Novo, Salvador, 290
Nuremberg Chronicle, 8, 378n
Nuremberg Map, 7–9, 116, 117–19, 378n, 407n
Oaxaca, 275
Ochoa de Elejalde, Juan, 159, 175
Ochpaniztli, 146, 265
Ogilby, John, America, x, 404n
human sacrifice, 82, 97
the Meeting, 25, 46
Montezuma depictions, 108, 112–13, 126–27
Montezuma’s zoo-collection, 122, 123, 126–27
myth of Cortesian control, 172, 187–88
Ojeda, Alonso de, 158, 169, 175
Olid, Cristóbal de, 294
brief biography of, 364
cohort loyalties, 177, 255, 256
Honduras campaign, 173
January-August campaign of 1521, 255, 256, 259
Kislak Paintings, 30, 34
Vera Cruz plot, 185, 186
Olmedo, Bartolomé de, 197, 373n
Oñate, Cristóbal de, 272
“On Cannibals” (Montaigne), 90
Ordaz, Diego de, 4, 177, 320
brief biography of, 364–65
Montezuma’s zoo, 120–21
Popocatepetl climb, 10, 365
Order of Saint Francis, 239
Orellana, Diego de, 161
Orozco, José Clemente, 181, 250, 351, 445n
Ortiz, Cristóbal, 175
Ovando, Nicolás de, 154, 164–65, 418n, 420n
Ovejero, Ignacio, 70, 428n
Pacificación, 330
Pacini, Giovanni, 70, 428n
Palacio de Bellas Artes, 351–52, 353, 467–68n
Palomera, Esteban, 110–11
Panquetzaliztli, 98, 146
Paredes, Andrés de, 175–76
Passion of Christ, 197
Paul, Saint, 237
Paz, Ireneo, 290
Paz, Octavio, 1, 250, 278
Paz, Rodrigo de, 173, 304, 327, 423n, 464n
Peninsular War, 69–70
Pérez de Arteaga, Angela, 307
Pérez de Arteaga, Juan, 307
Pham Thanh Cong, 323
Philadelphia Zoo, 137
Philip, Prince of Spain, 334–35
Philippines, 274
Phoney Captivity, 211–23, 259
“arrest” of Montezuma, 40, 49–50, 213
Cortés’ Second Letter and Surrender, 212, 213–15
the “guard,” 220–21
intra-dynastic and inter-altepetl politics, 217–19
May events, 223–25
Montezuma’s demeanor, 215–17
Phoney War, 431n
Pinzón, Vicente Yánez, 158
Pizarro, Catalina, 285
Pizarro, Diego, 176
Pizarro, Francisco, 104, 158, 237, 276
Pizarro, Leonor, 157, 284–85
Pliny the Elder, 77
Pochteca, 131–32
Polk, James K., 70, 347
Polk, Sarah Childress, 347
Polygyny, 126, 448n
Ponce de León, Juan, 158, 173–74, 424n
Popocatepetl, 10, 365, 379
Portillo, Jacinto “Cindo” del, 325, 326, 464n
Portrait paintings or engravings, 74, 347, 378-79n, 404-5n, 429n
of Cortés, xxv, 158, 230, 244, 346-48, 441-43n
of Montezuma, 74, 84, 106, 111-13, 139-40, 404n, 406n, 413n
Prescott, William, 75, 86, 94, 179, 253, 315, 322, 350, 383n
the Meeting and Surrender, 27, 47, 52, 63, 70, 227
myth of Cortesian control, 179, 188
Prévost, Antoine François “Abbé,” 62–63, 293, 399n
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 238–39, 438–39n
Prophecy, the, 40–46, 52, 68, 111
Protestant Reformation, 135
Puerto Rico, 158, 175, 324
Purcell, Henry, 102
Qualpopoca. See Cohualpopocatzin
Quauhpopocatl, 200–204, 218, 256, 371, 430n
Quebrantamiento, 160
Quecholac, 295–96
Quecholli, 146–47, 223
Quetzalcoatl, 99–102, 109, 110–11
Cortés as, 40–45, 143–44, 401–3n
prophecy story, 40–45, 100–101
“Race wars,” 326–27
Racism, 79–80, 319, 320, 327
Ramirez, Gerónimo, 107–8
Ramusio Map, 136, 407n
Ranking, John, 85–86, 110
Reséndez, Andrés, 298
Ritual knives, 93, 94, 132
Rivera, Diego, 250, 445n
Robertson, William, 45, 63, 151, 155, 156, 157, 196, 322, 378n
Rodríguez, Ana, 285–86
Rodríguez, Cristóbal, 175
Rodríguez de Villafuerte, Juan, 255–56
Rojas, Manuel de, 302, 303
Romanticism, 247, 289
Romero, Cesar, 248
Romerovargas Iturbide, Ignacio, 108, 137, 198, 250, 408n
Rowdon, Maurice, 3, 397–98n
Royal Palace (Aranjuez), 225
Ruiz de León, Francisco, 244–45
Ruta de Cortés, 181
Saavedra, Antonio de, 152, 156, 242, 243, 244
Saavedra Cerón, Alvaro de, 274–75, 301
Sacrifice. See Human sacrifice
Sagipa, 200, 227
Sahagún, Bernardino de, 41, 67–68, 89, 90, 91, 99, 100–101, 106, 109, 123, 129, 131–32, 133, 198
Sahlins, Marshall, 382n
Salcedo, Juan de, 285, 452n
Sámano, Juan de, 294
Sánchez, Bartolomé “Coyote,” 307
Sandoval, Gonzalo de, 176, 422–23n
brief biography of, 365
campaign of 1521, 254–56, 263, 294–95, 308
cohort loyalties, 176, 177, 186, 220, 255, 256
death of, 176, 458n
Kislak Paintings, 30, 34
violence and brutality, 316, 320
San Juan de Ulúa, 167, 181–83, 421n
San Juan Moyotlan, 269
San Juan Tenochtitlan, 269
San Pablo Teopan, 269
Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, 343–44
Schwaller, John Fritz, 175
Scott, Winfield, 349
Second Coming of Christ, 39–46
Sedeño, Isabel, 306
Sedeño, Juan, 306
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 47, 60–61, 81, 109, 245
Seville, Spain, 4, 5
Sexual slavery, 305–11
Ship burning, 188–91, 425–26n
Ships of Cortés Destroyed, The, 245
Siege of Jerusalem, 236
Siguaquesuchil, Isabel, 297
Sigüenza y Góngora, Carlos, 76, 83–84, 101, 216, 346
Slavery, 80, 81, 161, 296–311, 339, 458n
women and sexual, 305–11
Smallpox, 314–15, 317
Solana, Mateo, 231, 239
Solari, Amara, 131, 138, 408n
Solís, Antonio de, 28–29, 75, 113, 352
Cortesian legend, 168, 231, 238, 266, 267
Huitzilopochtli, 97
the Meeting and Surrender, 28–29, 63
Montezuma’s death, 195
Montezuma’s zoo-complex, 123–25, 128, 134
Solís, Francisco de, 284, 291
Solís, Pedro, 220
Sopuerta, Sancho de, 159–60, 306
Soustelle, Jacques, 89–90
Spaniards in the Caribbean, 156–61, 164–66
Spanish Armada, 246
Spanish-Aztec War. See also Invasion of 1519; Fall of Tenochtitlan
conquistador behavior, 317–27
conquistador factionalism, 160, 170–77
conquistador mindset, 314–15
conquistador numbers, 311–14, 461–62n
dating, 253
ending date, 253, 267�
�68, 446n
epidemic mortality, 314–15
genocidal element, 328–30, 347–48
indigenous population loss, 314–15
January-August campaign of 1521, xviii, 255–56
Mexica perspective, 265–71
Nahua account, 47–49
pre-Columbian restraint, 316–17
role of indigenous warriors, 315–16
Sandoval attack, 254–56
starting date, 253
Tetzcoco perspective, 256–65
timeline, xv–xx
use of term, xxix
violence and brutality, 316–30, 341
Spanish Inquisition, 92, 94, 448
Spanish-Mesoamerican War, xxix, 253–54, 327
Spanish political system, 177–80
Spanish spellings, xii
Spanish weaponry, 313–14
Spice Islands, 274
Spiritual conquest, 241, 242, 448n
Spontini, Gaspare, 69–70, 247, 444n
Suárez, Catalina, 157, 161, 452–53n
death, 281–87, 452–53n, 456n
TV depiction, 281–82, 445n
Suárez, Lorenzo, 175–76, 305–6
Suárez de Peralta, Juan, 59–60
Surrender, the, 37–53, 143–45
accounts of, 62–65
blaming of Montezuma, 66–71
Cacama and, 258–59
concept of justification, 56–62
Cortés’ Second Letter, 212, 213–15
Díaz’s True History, 50–51, 338–39
Dryden’s Montezuma, 102–6
genesis of invention, 56–65
Montezuma as Coward, 46–50, 431–32n
Montezuma’s murder by Spaniards, 227
Montezuma’s speech, 15–18, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 59–63, 75, 101–2, 343, 344–45
the Prophecy, 40–46, 52, 68, 111
role of Aztec royal family, 65–68
skeptical views of, 63–64, 391–92n
triumphal entry, 54–59
U.S. Capitol Rotunda scene, 24, 25–27
Taíno slaves, 194, 206, 302–3, 324, 338
Tangier, 27–28
Tapia, Andrés de, 96–97, 100, 125, 128, 133, 144, 176–77, 190, 255, 303
Tarascan Empire, 257
Tecocol, 260–61
Tecuichpochtzin (Isabel Moctezuma Tecuichpo), 66, 71, 286–87, 365–66
Tenochtitlan, xii, 3–9. See also Fall of Tenochtitlan
altepetl, 209, 256
author’s walk through Mexico City, 347–54
chorographs, 136–37
comparisons with European cities, 4–5
Cortés’ arrival in, 4, 5, 6–9, 14–15, 54–55
Great Temple. See Great Temple of Tenochtitlan
map, 116, 117–19, 122
Nuremberg Map, 7–9, 116, 117–19
population, 4–5, 85–86, 222, 314, 376n
royal families, 367–68, 370–71
Spaniards’ first arrival in, 3–6, 146
theme as lost wonder, 377–78n
Triple Alliance and, 143, 210–11, 218–19, 257, 266, 316, 342
zoo complex. See Montezuma, zoo-collection complex of
Teocalli, 97, 98
Tepeaca massacre, 295–96, 306, 308–9, 317–18, 324, 326, 365
Tequanpixque, 133
Teresa de Mier, Servando, 84, 101, 232
Terrazas, Francisco de, 175
Tetlahuehuetzquititzin, Pedro, 265
Tetzcoco, xii, 256–65
royal families, 218–19, 256–59, 367–68, 370–71
Spanish-Aztec War and, 218–19, 256–65, 266, 308–9, 316–17
Triple Alliance and, 141, 143, 218–19, 256–57, 316–17
Thevet, André, 112–13, 149, 156, 193
Thirty Years’ War, 322, 327, 446n
Thomas, Hugh, xxvi–xxvii, 291, 456n
Thomas, Lewis Foulk, 43, 51, 289, 349–50
Thomas, Saint, 84, 100, 101–2
Three Kings, The (play), 42–43, 73, 343
Timeline of events, xv–xx
Tititl, 266
Titus Flavius Josephus, 236
Tizoc, 142, 257, 258, 271, 370
Tlacaelel, 269
Tlacaxipehualiztli, 146, 147–48, 223
Tlacopan, xii, 141, 257, 262, 266, 316–17
Tlacotzin, 269–70
Tlacuilloque, 129
Tlahtoani, 109, 131, 140–42, 204, 206, 209–10, 218, 261
Tlahuitoltzin, Antonio Pimentel, 265, 371, 448n
Tlaloc, 130
Tlatelolco, 39–40, 48, 66, 96, 209, 224–25, 268
Tlaxcala (Tlaxcallan), 10, 54–55, 80, 143, 205, 207–11, 240, 261, 340–41
Tlaxcalteca, 144–45, 205–10, 267, 430n
Tlaxcalteca Triple Alliance, 257, 259, 260–61, 263, 266, 316–17, 462n
Tlilantzin, Pedro, 203
Todorov, Tzvetan, 319, 465n
Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, 99–100
Torquemada, Juan de, 83, 96, 152, 216, 402n
Torture, 35, 62, 89–90, 92, 206, 304
Totocalli, 123–24
Totoloque, 216, 433n
Totonacs, 31, 167, 182–84
Tovar, Juan de, 97, 129, 198, 402n
Toxcatl, 223, 224
massacre at festival, 254, 265, 361, 434n
Traditional “Conquest of Mexico” narrative, 18–22, 25–35, 263, 266, 267, 335–37
A/B/-A/-B/A, 64–65
the Ambush, 50–53
Classical narrative, 64
concept of justification, 56–62
core elements and events, 28–30
Cortés’s final years, 273, 277–78
demographics, 311–14
Díaz’s True History, xxv–xxix, 338–40
fall of Tenochtitlan, 18, 20, 252–53
indigenous slaves and, 299–300
Kislak Paintings, 27–28, 30–35
march to Tenochtitlan, 204–5, 208
the Meeting and Surrender, 18–22, 25–35, 62–65, 143, 335
Montezuma as Coward, 47–50, 431–32n
Montezuma’s death, 193–94, 202, 218, 223, 224–25, 227–28
the Prophecy, 40–46
temporal distortions of, 212, 224, 252
theme of triumphal entry, 54–59
U.S. Capitol Rotunda scenes, 24, 25–27
Tributes, 129–30, 131, 142–43, 146–47
Triple Alliance, xii, 141, 143, 210–11, 218–19, 226, 316–17, 341, 462n
Triumphal entries, 54–59, 389–90n
Trujillo, 220–21
Tuchman, Barbara, 3
Tula, 99–100
Tupac Amaru rebellion, 441n
“Tyrant,” 320–21
Ucelote, Juan, 297
Umbría, Gonzalo de, 177, 398–99n, 464n
Usagre, Bartolomé de, 255
Usigli, Rodolfo, 290
Vaca de Guzmán, Joseph María, 110, 234, 277–78
Valadés, Diego, 56, 82, 83, 110–11, 239–40, 242, 439n
Valencía, Martínó de, 240
Valiant Cortés (Lasso de la Vega), 51, 152, 243, 244
Valladolid debate, 60–61
Valley of Mexico, 10, 171, 210–11, 259
Vargas Machuca, Bernardo, 55, 91, 245, 267, 319
Vasconcelos, José, 247, 250
Vásquez, Martín, 169, 220
Vásquez de Tapia, Bernardino, 175, 186, 292
brief biography of, 366
Cortés’ women, 285, 286
indigenous slaves and, 295, 298
Phoney Captivity and, 212, 217–18
Vecchietti, Girolamo, 242
Velázquez, Diego (painter), 164
Velázquez, Diego de, 57, 78, 161–69, 420–21n
brief biography of, 366–67
Conquest of Cuban, 52, 155, 157–58, 165, 172
Conquest of Hispaniola, 164–65
expeditions organized by, 165–69, 337
feud with Cortés. See Cortés, Hernando, feud with Velázque
z Velázquez, Juan, 220
Velázquez de León, Juan, 177
Vera Cruz, 32, 170–71, 174, 183, 184, 185–87, 189, 200–201
Verne, Jules, 76, 394n
Versailles, 137
Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Las Casas). See Las Casas, Bartolomé de
Vietnam War, 322–24, 327
Villagrá, Gaspar de, 81–82, 237, 243
Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, 31, 182
Violence against indigenous communities, 161, 316–30
Vitoria, Francisco de, 81
Vitzilopuchtli. See Huitzilopochtli
Vivaldi, Antonio, 70, 351–53, 428n
Vizcaíno, Pedro, 175
Voyage Round the World, A (Gemelli), 74, 76–77, 394n
Weaponry, 313–14
Women and sexual slavery, 305–11
Women in Aztec society, 126–27, 285–86, 410n
World War II, 211–12, 327
Worth, William Jenkins, 347
Wright brothers, 26
Xaragua massacre, 418n
Xicotencatl, 206, 207, 209, 210, 256, 264, 341, 367
Xihuitl, 146, 415–16n
Xipehua, 147–48
Xitl, Juan, 297
Xochimilco, Lake, 13–14
Xochiquentzin, Pablo Tlacatecuhtli, 270
Xocoto, María, 311
Xuárez, Catalina. See Suárez, Catalina
Young, Neil, 149, 251
Yoyontzin, Jorge, 265, 371
Yucatan, 158, 165–67
use of term, 420n
Zorita, Alonso de, 91, 334–35, 337, 391n
Zuazo, Alonso de, 120, 122, 124
Zumárraga, Juan de, 82, 85, 90, 94, 272, 413n, 448n
Zúñiga, Juana de, 285
Photo Section
THE URTEXT. The title page to the first publication of Cortés’s 1520 report to the king, the so-called Second Letter, printed in Seville in 1522 by Jacobo Cromberger, and recently dubbed “the urtext on the conquest of Mexico.”
Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.
CIVILIZATION, BARBARISM, AND NATURE. Undaunted Spaniards and fearful Aztecs before the twin erupting volcanoes of Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl. The version in America (English 1670, Dutch 1671) of this imaginative illustration popular in the early modern centuries.
Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.
THE VALLEY. A nineteenth-century rendering of the Valley of Mexico in 1519, shows the route that the Spanish-Tlaxcalteca forces took in November 5–8 from Chalco (bottom right) through Ayotzinco, Cuitlahuac, and Itztapalapa, to the Meeting at Tenochtitlan’s edge (marked here as “Camp of Cortez”).
Courtesy of the Sutro Library, California State Library, San Francisco.
When Montezuma Met Cortes Page 61
