Luard, Evan, War in International Society: A Study in International Sociology (New Haven/London, 1987).
Luttwak, Edward, Turbo-Capitalism: Winners and Losers in the Global Economy (London, 1998).
McCaffrey, Helen, and Lamarque, William, ‘Gold: A Trojan Horse in Central Bank Reserves?’, N. M. Rothschild & Sons internal memorandum (May 1999).
McCloskey, Donald N., and Zecher, J. Richard, ‘How the Gold Standard Worked, 1880–1913’, in J. A. Frenkel and H. G. Johnson (eds.), The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments (Toronto, 1976), 357–85.
MacDougall, D., Don and Mandarin: Memoirs of an Economist (London, 1987).
McKenzie, R. T., British Political Parties: The Distribution of Power within the Conservative and Labour Parties (London, 1978).
McKibbin, Ross, ‘Class and Conventional Wisdom: The Conservative Party and the “Public” in Inter-war Britain’, in id., The Ideologies of Class: Social Relations in Britain, 1880–1950 (Oxford, 1990), 259–93.
McKinnon, Ronald, ‘The East Asian Dollar Standard: Life after Death?’, EDI World Bank Workshop on ‘Rethinking the Asian Miracle’ (1999).
—— and Pill, Huw, ‘International Overborrowing: A Decomposition of Credit and Currency Risks’, World Development, 26, 7 (1998), 1267–82.
MacKuen, Michael B., Erikson, Robert S. and Stimson, James A., ‘Peasants or Bankers? The American Electorate and the US Economy’, American Political Science Review, 86 (1992), 597–611.
McMorrow, K., and Roeger, W., ‘The Economic Consequences of Ageing Populations’, European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Economic Papers, 138 (Nov. 1999).
McNeill, William H., The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force and Society since A.D. 1000 (Oxford, 1982).
Maddison, Angus, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development: A Long-run Comparative View (Oxford, 1991).
Maier, Charles S., Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany and Italy in the Decade after World War I (Princeton, 1975).
—— ‘The Politics of Inflation in the Twentieth Century’, in id., In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy (Cambridge, 1987), 187–224.
—— ‘“Fictitious Bonds … of Wealth and Law”: On the Theory and Practice of Interest Representation’, in id., In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy (Cambridge, 1987), 225–60.
—— ‘Empires or Nations? 1918, 1945, 1989…’, in Carl Levy and Mark Roseman (eds.), 1918–1945–1989 (Cambridge, forthcoming).
Mair, Peter, ‘Party Organizations: From Civil Society to the State’, in Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair (eds.), How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies (Thousand Oaks, Calif., 1994), 1-22.
—— ‘Party Systems and Structures of Competition’, in Lawrence LeDuc and Richard G. Niemi (eds.), Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective (Thousand Oaks, Calif., 1996), 83–106.
Makinen, Gail E., and Woodward, G. Thomas, ‘Funding Crises in the Aftermath of World War I’, in Rudiger Dornbusch and Mario Draghi (eds.), Public Debt Management: Theory and History (Cambridge, 1990), 153–83.
Maloney, John, ‘Gladstone and Sound Victorian Finance’, in id. (ed.), Debt and Deficits: An Historical Perspective (Cheltenham, 1998), 116–31.
Mann, Michael, The Sources of Social Power, vol. ii: The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760–1914 (Cambridge, 1993).
Maoz, Zeev, and Abdolali, Nasrin, ‘Regime Types and International Conflict, 1816–1976’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 33, 1 (1989), 3–35.
Markus, Gregory B., ‘The Impact of Personal and National Economic Conditions on the Presidential Vote: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis’, American Journal of Political Science, 32 (1988), 137–54.
Marsh, David, The Bundesbank: The Bank that Rules Europe (London, 1992).
Marsh, Peter T., Joseph Chamberlain: Entrepreneur in Politics (New Haven/London, 1994).
Martin, Terry, ‘Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing’, Journal of Modern History, 70, 4 (1998), 813–61.
Marx, Karl, Capital, vol. i (London, 1976 [1867]).
—— and Engels, Friedrich, The Communist Manifesto, with an introduction and notes by A. J. P. Taylor (London, 1985).
Masson, Paul, and Mussa, Michael, ‘Long-term Tendencies in Budget Deficits and Debt’, in Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Budget Deficits and Debt: Issues and Options (Kansas, 1995), 5–55.
Mathias, Peter, The First Industrial Nation: An Economic History of Britain, 1700–1914 (London, 1969).
—— and O’Brien, Patrick K., ‘Taxation in Great Britain and France, 1715–1810:A Comparison of the Social and Economic Incidence of Taxes Collected for the Central Governments’, Journal of European Economic History, 5 (1976), 601–50.
Matthew, H. C. G., ‘Disraeli, Gladstone and the Politics of Mid-Victorian Budgets’, Historical Journal, 22, 3 (1979), 615–43.
—— Gladstone, 1875–1898 (Oxford, 1995).
Maupassant, Guy de, Bel-Ami, trans. Douglas Parmée (London, 1975 [1885]).
Mazower, Mark, Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century (London, 1998).
Michie, Ranald C., ‘The Invisible Stabilizer: Asset Arbitrage and the International Monetary System since 1700’, Financial History Review, 15 (1998), 5–26.
—— The London Stock Exchange: A History (Oxford, 1999).
Micklethwait, John, and Wooldridge, Adrian, A Future Perfect: The Challenge and Hidden Promise of Globalisation (London, 2000).
Millard, Stephen, ‘An Examination of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in the United Kingdom’, Bank of England Working Paper (n.d.).
Millington, Barry, Wagner (New York, 1987).
Mills, T. C. and Woods, G. E., ‘Money and Interest Rates in Britain from 1870 to 1913’, in S. N. Broadberry and N. F. R. Crafts (eds.), Britain in the International Economy (Cambridge, 1992), 199–217.
Milward, Alan, with the assistance of George Brennan and Frederico Romero, The European Rescue of the Nation-State (London, 1992).
Minkin, L. The Labour Party Conference: A Study in the Politics of Intra-party Democracy (London, 1978).
Minsky, H. P., ‘A Theory of Systematic Fragility’, in E. J. Altman and A. W. Sametz (eds.), Financial Crises: Institutions and Markets in a Fragile Environment (New York, 1977), 138–52.
Mirowski, Philip, ‘The Rise (and Retreat) of a Market: English Joint Stock Shares in the Eighteenth Century’, Journal of Economic History, 41, 3 (1981), 559–77.
Mischler, William, Hoskin, Marilyn and Fitzgerald, Roy, ‘British Parties in the Balance: A Time Series Analysis of Long-term Trends in Labour and Conservative Support’, British Journal of Political Science, 19 (1989) 211–36.
Mishkin, Frederic S., ‘The Real Rate of Interest: An Empirical Investigation’, The Costs and Consequences of Inflation: Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 15 (1981), 151–200.
—— ‘Asymmetric Information and Financial Crises: A Historical Perspective’, in R. Glenn Hubbard (ed.), Financial Markets and Financial Crises (Chicago/London, 1991), 69–108.
Mitchell, B. R., European Historical Statistics, 1750–1975 (London, 1981).
—— and Deane, P., Abstract of British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1962, repr. 1976).
—— and Jones, H. G., Second Abstract of British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1971).
Modelski, George and Perry, Gardner III, ‘Democratisation in Long Perspective’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 39 (1991), 23–34.
Montesquieu, Baron de, The Spirit of Laws, trans. Thomas Nugent (New York/London, 1949 [1748]).
Monypenny, W. F., and Buckle, G. E., The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, 6 vols. (London, 1910–20).
Morgan, E. V., Studies in British Financial Policy, 1914–1925 (London, 1952).
—— and Thomas, W. A., The Stock Exchange (London, 1962).
Morrisey, O., and St
einmo, S., ‘The Influence of Party Competition on Post-war UK Tax Rates’, Policy and Politics, 15 (1987), 195–206.
Mullen, Richard, Anthony Trollope: A Victorian and his World (London, 1990).
Muller, E. N., ‘Democracy, Economic Development, and Income Inequality’, American Sociological Review, 53 (1988), 50–68.
—— ‘Economic Determinants of Democracy’, American Sociological Review, 60 (1995), 966–82.
—— and Seligson, M. A., ‘Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships’, American Political Science Review, 88 (1994), 635–52.
Müller, Wolfgang C., ‘The Development of Austrian Party Organizations in the Post-war Period’, in Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair (eds.), How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies (Thousand Oaks, Calif., 1994), 51–79.
Mundell, Robert, ‘Prospects for the International Monetary System’, World Gold Council Research Study (n.d. [1994]).
Murray, B. K., The People’s Budget, 1909/10: Lloyd George and Liberal Politics (Oxford, 1980).
—— ‘“Battered and Shattered”: Lloyd George and the 1914 Budget Fiasco’, Albion, 23 (1991), 483–507.
Musgrave, Richard A., ‘Public Debt and Intergeneration Equity’, in Kenneth J. Arrow and Michael J. Boskin (eds.), The Economics of Public Debt (London, 1988), 133–46.
—— and Musgrave, Peggy B., Public Finance in Theory and Practice (New York, 1989).
Mutch, R. E., ‘The Evolution of Campaign Finance Regulation in the United States and Canada’, in F. L. Seidle (ed.), Comparative Issues in Party and Election Finance (Toronto, 1991), 57–110.
Muto, Giovanni, ‘The Spanish System: Centre and Periphery’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance (Oxford, 1995), 231–59.
Nadeau, Richard, Niemi, Richard G. and Amato, Timothy, ‘Prospective and Comparative or Retrospective and Individual? Party Leaders and Party Support in Great Britain’, British Journal of Political Science, 26 (1996) 345–58.
Naimark, Norman, The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949 (Cambridge, Mass., 1995).
Nash, Robert Lucas, Fenn’s Compendium of the English and Foreign Funds, Debts and Revenue of All Nations, Together with Statistics Relating to National Resources & Liabilities, Imports, Exports, Population, Area, Railway Guarantees, Municipal Finance & Indebtedness, Banks of All Nations and All Descriptions of Government, Provincial, and Corporate Securities held and dealt in by Investors at Home and Abroad; The Laws and Regulations of the Stock Exchange, &c. (14th edn., London, 1889).
Neal, Larry, ‘Integration of International Capital Markets: Quantitative Evidence from the Eighteenth to Twentieth Centuries’, Journal of Economic History, 45, 2 (1985), 219–26.
—— The Rise of Financial Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason (Cambridge, 1990).
—— ‘How It All Began: The Monetary and Financial Architecture of Europe during the First Global Capital Markets, 1648–1815’, paper presented at the Conference on the History of Global Finance, Yale School of Management (15 Oct. 1999).
—— ‘A Shocking View of Economic History’, Journal of Economic History, 60, 2 (2000), 317–34.
Nef, John U., War and Human Progress: An Essay on the Rise of Industrial Civilization (Cambridge, Mass., 1950).
Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth, and Köcher, Renate (eds.), Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie (Munich, 1997).
Nordhaus, William, ‘The Political Business Cycle’, Review of Economic Studies, 42 (Apr. 1975), 169–90.
Norpoth, Helmut, ‘Guns and Butter and Government Popularity in Britain’, American Political Science Review, 81 (1987) 949–59.
—— Confidence Regained: Economics, Mrs Thatcher, and the British Voter (Ann Arbor, 1992).
—— ‘The Economy’, in Lawrence LeDuc and Richard G. Niemi (eds.), Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective (Thousand Oaks, Calif., 1996), 299–318.
Norris, P., Electoral Change in Britain (Oxford, 1997).
North, Douglass C., Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (New York, 1990).
—— and Weingast, Barry R., ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’, Journal of Economic History, 49, 4 (1989), 803–32.
Nove, Alec, An Economic History of the USSR, 1917–1991 (3rd edn., London, 1992).
O’Brien, Patrick K., ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism, 1846–1914’, Past and Present, 120 (1988), 163–200.
—— Power with Profit: The State and the Economy, 1688–1815, University of London inaugural lecture (London, 1991).
—— ‘Inseparable Connections: Trade, Economy, Fiscal State, and the Expansion of Empire, 1688–1815’, in P. J. Marshall (ed.), The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. ii: The Eighteenth Century (Oxford/New York, 1998), 53–77.
—— ‘Imperialism and the Rise and Decline of the British Economy, 1688–1989’, New Left Review, 238 (1999), 48–80.
—— and Hunt, Philip A., ‘The Rise of a Fiscal State in England, 1485–1815’, Historical Research, 66 (1993), 129–76.
—— —— ‘England, 1485–1815’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c.1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999), 53–100.
—— and Prados de la Escosura, Leandro, ‘Balance Sheets for the Acquisition, Retention and Loss of European Empires Overseas’, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Depto. de Historia Económica e Instituciones Working Paper (Dec. 1998).
Obstfeld, Maurice, ‘International Currency Experience: New Lessons and Lessons Relearned’, paper presented at the 25th anniversary meeting of the Brookings Panel on Economic Activity (6–7 Apr. 1995).
—— ‘EMU: Ready, or Not?’, NBER Working Paper, 6682 (1998).
—— and Taylor, Alan M., ‘The Great Depression as a Watershed: International Capital Mobility over the Long Run’, in Michael D. Bordo, Claudia Goldin and Eugene N. White (eds.), The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1998), 353–402.
Offer, Avner, The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation (Oxford, 1989).
—— ‘The British Empire, 1870–1914: A Waste of Money?’, Economic History Review, 46 (1993), 215–38.
—— ‘Between the Gift and the Market: The Economy of Regard’, Economic History Review, 50 (1997), 450–76.
—— ‘Costs and Benefits, Prosperity and Security, 1870–1914’, in Andrew Porter (ed.), The Oxford History of the Nineteenth Century, vol. iii: The Nineteenth Century (Oxford/New York, 1999), 690–711.
O’Leary, C., The Elimination of Corrupt Practices in British Elections, 1868–1911 (Oxford, 1962).
Olson, Mancur, The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation and Social Rigidities (New Haven/London, 1982).
—— ‘Big Bills Left on the Sidewalk: Why Some Nations Are Rich, and Others Poor’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, 2 (1996), 3–24.
—— Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships (New York, 2000).
Ormrod, W. M., ‘The West European Monarchies in the Later Middle Ages’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance (Oxford, 1995), 123–60.
—— ‘England in the Middle Ages’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c.1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999), 19–52.
—— and Barta, János, ‘The Feudal Structure and the Beginnings of State Finance’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance (Oxford, 1995), 53–79.
O’Rourke, Kevin H., and Williamson, Jeffrey G., Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy (Cambridge, Mass./London, 1999).
Overy, Richard, War and Economy in the Third Reich (Oxford, 1994).
—— Why the Allies Won (London, 1995).
—— (ed.), The Times Atlas of the Twentieth Century (Lond
on, 1996).
—— Russia’s War (London, 1997).
—— The Battle (London, 2000).
Owen, R., The Middle East and the World Economy, 1800–1914 (London, 1981).
Paddags, Norbert, ‘The German Railways – The Economic and Political Feasibility of Fiscal Reforms during the Inflation of the Early 1920s’, University of Oxford Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History, 13 (1997).
Paldam, Martin, ‘How Robust is the Vote Function? A Study of Seventeen Nations Over Four Decades’, in Helmut Norpoth, Michael S. Lewis-Beck and Jean-Dominique Lafay (eds.), Economics and Politics: The Calculus of Support (Ann Arbor, 1991), 9–31.
Palgrave, R. H. Inglis, Bank Rate and the Money Market in England, France, Germany, Holland and Belgium, 1844–1900 (New York, 1968 [1903]).
Panic, M., European Monetary Union: Lessons from the Classical Gold Standard (London, 1992).
Parker, Geoffrey, ‘The Emergence of Modern Finance in Europe, 1500–1730’, in C. M. Cipolla (ed.), The Fontana History of Europe, vol. ii: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (London, 1974), 527–94.
Partner, Peter, ‘The Papacy and the Papal States’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c.1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999), 359–80.
Peacock, Alan Turner, and Wiseman, Jack, The Growth of Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom, NBER Publication, 72 (Princeton, 1961).
Pennington, Reina, ‘Offensive Women: Women in Combat in the Red Army’, in Paul Addison (ed.), Time to Kill: The Soldier’s Experience of War in the West 1939–1945 (London, 1997), 249–62.
Perkin, Harold, The Rise of Professional Society: England since 1880 (London, 1989).
Perrett, Byran (ed.), The Battle Book: Crucial Conflicts in History from 1469 BC to the Present (London, 1992).
Persson, T., and Svensson, L. E. O., ‘Why a Stubborn Conservative Would Run a Deficit: Policy with Time-Inconsistent Preferences’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104 (1989), 325–45.
Peterson, Peter G., ‘Grey Dawn: The Global Aging Crisis’, Foreign Affairs (Jan./Feb. 1999), 42–55.
Petzina, D., Abelshauser, W. and Faust, A. (eds.), Sozialgeschichtliches Arbeitsbuch, vol. iii: Materialien zur Statistik des Deutschen Reiches, 1914–1945 (Munich, 1978).
The Cash Nexus: Money and Politics in Modern History, 1700-2000 Page 55
