Cardwell, Edward, Lord, army reforms
Carmichael, George (Derbys Regt)
Castellane, Pierre de, Comte (ADC to Bosquet)
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount
casualties: at Alma British overall Chernaia river battle (allied) Chernaia river battle (Russian) injuries from artillery and rifle fire at Inkerman at Kars Malakhov and the Redan the Mamelon overall cost in lives Russians overall Sevastopol (Russians) treachery by and mistreatment of Turkish overall
Cathcart, General Sir George (4th Division)
Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia
Catholic Church: anti-Eastern Orthodox polemic in France Church of the Nativity Grotto France’s historic interest in Palestine pretext for war rivalry with Orthodox Churches in the Holy Land Russian Orthodox persecution Ruthenian (Uniate) Catholics solidarity with Poland
Catholic nuns: in French military hospitals the ‘Nuns of Minsk’
Caucasus Christianization of conquest of by Russia debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) Mehmet Ali of Egypt inspires rebels Muslims ejected Palmerston’s plans for proposed attack by Indian Army support for Muslim tribes by Britain test for Russian army reforms Turkish army attacks (1853) Turkish forts captured (1829) see also Chechnya; Circassia; Georgia
Cavour, Camillo (Prime Minister of Piedmont): agreement with the Odessa Shipping Company Italian unification and Paris Peace Congress (1856) and support for a wider war with Russia war with Austria
Central Asia, Russian conquests
Cetty, Antoine (quartermaster of French Army)
Champoiseau, Charles, French agent in the Caucasus
Charlemagne (French steam warship)
Charles X, King of France
Chartists, solidarity with Poland
Chavchavadze, Prince, wife and her sister carried off by Shamil’s forces
Chechnya see also Caucasus
Chekhova, Ergenia (mother of Anton Chekhov)
Chenery, Thomas (Times correspondent)
Chernaia river, battle (August 1855)
Cherniaev, Gen Mikhail G.: conquest of Turkestan pan-Slavism with Serbian army
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai (editor: Voennyi sbornik) What Is to Be Done
Chesney, General Francis
Chikhachev, Pyotr, report on the Turkish army
Chimkent
China: Anglo-French expedition (1857) Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing (1860) see also Opium Wars
Chios, massacre of Greeks
Chodasiewicz, Lt (later Capt) Robert Adolph (Tarutinsky Regt), at Inkerman
cholera: after Alma victory after Evpatoria landings cholera nursing cholera victims in the ship Kangaroo in Danube delta inside Sevastopol at Varna winter (1854 – 55) see also medical treatment
Chopin, Frederic
Christian Science Monitor (newspaper)
Christie, Captain Peter RN (principal agent for transports)
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem): conflict over roof repair Easter 1854 Orthodox and Catholic rivalry Paris Peace Congress (1856) and pilgrims presents from Catholic governments
Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem): Catholics given right to hold a key 104; Paris Peace Congress (1856) and squabbles between Catholic and Orthodox
Churchill, Winston S. (later Sir Winston), war correspondent
Circassia British gun-running debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) French mission to Sukhumi Palmerston’s plans for rebels ask for British military help Russians eject Muslims Urquhart and see also Caucasus
Clarendon, Lord George council of war with allied leaders (1855) in favour of war with Russia and the Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum instructions from the Queen Napoleon III and Palmerston and Paris Peace Congress (1856)
Cler, Col Jean (2nd Zouave Regt): examples of combat stress at Inkerman
Clifford, Henry (Staff off. Light Div) drinking culture in allied camps letter home opinion of William Russell second attack on the Redan
Cobden, Richard
Cocks, Col Charles (Coldstream Gds), letters home
Codrington, Admiral Edward
Codrington, Maj-Gen Sir William John (Light Division, later C-in-C) suspends action at the Redan departure and hand over to Russians Tatars ask for help in leaving Crimea
Cold War (1945 – 91)
Colquhoun, Robert (British consul in Bucharest)
combat stress
Community of the Holy Cross (Orthodox nursing order)
Concert of Europe Russia humiliated Tsar Nicholas and
Congress of Berlin (1878)
Congress of Paris (1856) Article V and Crimean Tatars European commission to settle Russian-Ottoman border
Congress Poland: Czartoryski and persecution of Catholics under protection of Tsar Alexander I see also Poland
Congress System, in Europe see Concert of Europe
Connolly, Lt Arthur, the Russian threat to India
Constantine Pavlovich, Grand Duke (briefly Tsar Constantine I) visit to France (1857)
Constantinople: almost reached by Russian army (1878) atrocities against Greeks (1821) attempts at Westernization of dress and domestic culture capital of an Orthodox empire? costume balls attended by the Sultan fall of to Turks (1453) pro-war demonstrations religious riots over Vienna peace terms Russian dream of ‘Tsargrad’ Russians build an Orthodox church to be a free city
Constantinople University, built by Fossati brothers
Contemporary (Russian journal)
Convention of Kütahya (1833)
Convention of London: (1832) (1840 & 1841) see also London, Treaty of (1827)
Corn Laws, Repeal of (1846)
Coronini[-Cronberg], General Johann (Austrian army)
Le Correspondant (newspaper)
Cossack Mountain see Mount Inkerman
Cowley, Henry R. C. Wellesley, Lord Cowley (British ambassador in Paris)
Crete, to go to France
Crimea: allied invasion planned (1854) a badly planned campaign becomes part of Ukraine (1954) Christianization of civilian panic after Alma conflicting views about invasion conquest and annexation by Russia forced emigration of Tatars Palmerston’s plans for post-war Russian policies religious significance resettlement with Christians urban planning war graves see also Sevastopol; Tatars
Crimean khanate: Ottomans lose control of Tatar tribes
Croatia, ties with Serbia
Crusades
Cuba, American plans to invade
Cullet, [Marie] Octave (officer of Zouaves)
Cundall, Joseph, photographs of wounded soldiers
Curzon, Nathaniel, 3rd Baron
Custine, Marquis de, La Russie en 1839 anti-Russian travelogue
Cyprus, to go to Britain
Cyprus Convention (1878)
Czartoryski, Prince Adam: earlier career plan for a new map of Europe Polish uprisings in Britain the French and and the ‘Sultan’s Cossacks’
Daghestanis
Damas, André (French army chaplain): demoralized soldiers at Inkerman Malakhov battle
Dannenberg, General P. A., at Inkerman
Danube delta cholera outbreak Palmerston’s plans for Polish refugees Serpent Island
Danube, river: Austrian interest British trade Russian army withdraws to (1878) Turkish defensive line (1853)
Danubian front, Silistria offensive and siege (1854)
Danubian principalities cereal exports to Britain constitution introduced by Russia (1829 – 34) debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) Greek uprisings hospodars ordered to reject Turkish rule Napoleon III’s plan occupation of by Russia (1853) Palmerston’s plans for Russian partition plans (1852) see also European Turkey; Moldavia; Romania; Wallachia
de Lacy Evans, Colonel (later General) George at Alma at Inkerman resignation
de Morny see Morny
De Ros, General William Lennox, Lord De Ros, diary of Crimean travels
Decembrists
Delacroix, Eugène, The Massacre of Chios
Delane, John (Times editor) r
esists attempted censorship
Denmark, war with Prussia (1864)
Derzhavin, Gavril
Dessaint, Lt-Col (French army)
Dickens, Charles: Household Words ‘The True Story of the Nuns of Minsk’
Disraeli, Benjamin: Congress of Berlin secret alliance with Ottomans
Dniepropetrovsk see Ekaterinoslav
Dobrudja, French expeditionary force
Dolgorukov, Prince Vasily Andreievich (Minister of War)
Don Pacifico affair (1850)
Doré, Gustav, Histoire pittoresque … de la Sainte Russie
Dostoevsky, Fedor Russia to turn Eastwards Russo-Turkish War (1877 – 8) support for Bulgarians
Doyle, Pvt John (8th Kings Royal Irish Hussars)
Drouyn de Lhuys, Edouard (French Foreign Minister)
Drummond, Maj Hugh (Scots Fslr Gds), letters home
drunkenness: among troops at Sevastopol among troops at Varna
du Picq, Ardant (French Army Captain), military theorist
Duberly, Fanny: outside Sevastopol spectator at Balaklava battle description of Balaklava town with General Bosquet in the hurricane readership on superiority of French organization
Duberly, Henry (8th Hussars)
Duhamel, General Alexander
Dunbar (troop transport)
Dundas, Vice-Admiral Sir James
Dundas, Rear-Admiral Sir Richard, fresh Baltic campaign (1855)
Eardly, Sir Culling, Balaklava railway
Eastern Question British policy Dostoevsky’s solution Ignat’ev and Russian ‘weak neighbour’ policy Russia’s gains forfeited Tsar Nicholas’s solution unsolved
Edinburgh Review (quarterly journal): British commerce and on the Russian ‘threat’
Edirne see Adrianople (Edirne)
Egerton, Col Thomas (77th Foot)
Egypt: challenge to Ottoman Sultan lost to Napoleon to go to Britain
Egyptian troops
Ekaterinoslav
Elena Pavlovna, Grand Duchess: encourages Cavour organizes nurses for the Crimea
Ellenborough, Lord, president of the Board of Control for India (1828 – 30)
Erivan (Yerevan): proposed attack by Indian Army resettled with Armenians debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856)
Ermak Timofeevich, conquest of Siberia
Ermolov, General Alexander
Ernest Leopold, Prince of Leiningen, letter to Queen Victoria
Ershov, Evgeny (Russian artillery), in Sevastopol
Estcourt, Maj-Gen James Bucknall (Adjutant General)
Esterhazy, Count (Austrian envoy to Russia)
Estonians, new settlers in the Crimea
Euphrates Valley Railway
European Turkey, to become a Russian protectorate
Evpatoria: population make up flight of Russians and Greeks allied occupation of allies find Tatar humanitarian crisis (1855) battle of (1855) key to an allied field campaign
Eyre, Maj Gen Sir William (3rd Division)
Failly, Gen Pierre Louis de
Fatima Khanum (Kurdish leader)
Fedorov, Colonel, first Inkerman attacks
Fenton, Roger (war photographer) Men of the 68th Regiment in Winter Dress (1855) Valley of the Shadow of Death
Fergusson, Robert Cutlar
Fet, Afanasy
Finland, Palmerston’s plans for
Finn, James (British consul in Jerusalem)
First World War
Flagstaff Bastion (Sevastopol)
Fliedner, Pastor Theodor, nursing principles
food supply: British and French compared cantinières Soyer and British army catering
Foreign Quarterly Review (journal)
Forrest, Maj William (4th Dragoons)
Fort Nicholas (Sevastopol), destroyed by French
Fossati, Gaspare & Giuseppe (architects): attempt to interest Tsar Nicholas in mosaics Byzantine mozaics Hagia Sophia renovation
Fould, Achille
Four Points for Peace: agreed by Western powers as defined in Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum Napoleon’s alternatives Paris Peace Congress (1856) and secret fifth point
France: advisers to the Ottomans agrees to invasion of the Crimea anti-Russian propaganda anti-war feelings among people backs down and signs London Convention (1841) Bessarabia/ Moldavia border dispute the ‘clerical (Ultramontane) party’ concerns about the war (1855) conquest of Algeria contact with St Petersburg (Nov. 1855) counter-revolution preparedness crushes Roman Republic (1849) Czartoryski and Polish émigrés decision to send fleet to Turkey (1853) declaration of War on Russia (1854) direct talks with Russians dispute with Russia over the Holy Land fall of Sevastopol Falloux Law (1850) fleet moved to Besika Bay (Dardanelles) fleet on war footing (1853) the Four Points and Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum to Russia help to modernize Russian fleet humiliation by Russia (1812) remembered influence of the ‘Testament of Peter the Great’ investment in Egypt Jerusalem consulate July Monarchy (Louis Philippe) ‘Malakoff’ remembered national consciousness and the Crimea negotiations with Austria network of informers no help to Ottomans against Egypt (1833) Paris Peace Congress (1856) peace initiative (1853) a possible threat to peace (1851) pre-eminent power in Europe proposes Continental war to liberate Poland protests regarding the Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi rapprochement with Russia reactions to the war (winter 1854 – 55) response to Sinope (1853) returns the Pope to Rome revolution (1848) Russian grievances search for peace with Russia Second Empire (1852) Second Republic established secret treaty with Austria seeks alliance with Britain seeks alliance with Britain and Russia seen as enemy by Tsar Nicholas Serpent Island incident suffering as result of the war support for Mehmet Ali’s insurrection against the Sultan (1839) support for Poland territorial ambitions (Nice and Savoy) Third Republic trains Mehmet Ali’s army and navy Triple Alliance (1856) Tsar Nicholas’ plans for containment ultimatum to Tsar Nicholas unable to help Ottomans (1783) unhappy with Palmerston’s plans war with Austria (1859) war memorials war with Prussia (1870) see also Anglo-French alliance
Franco- British ultimatum to Russia (1854)
Franks, Sgt-Maj Henry (5th Dragoons)
Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary
Fratja (Romanian secret society)
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia
French army: at Varna mutiny at Varna camp opinion of the British opinion of Turkish soldiers atrocities alleged in Kerch cholera, scurvy and typhus drinking entertainments expeditionary force to Dubrudja food and equipment for sea travel Generals not ready to press on to Sevastopol medical auxiliaries (soldats panseurs) medical facilities and treatment officers and men question the war officers (winter 1854 – 55) other ranks letters home senior partner in Crimea training and experience uniforms Varna to Evpatoria march to Alma at Alma looting siege of Sevastopol at Balaklava at Inkerman desecration of church of St Vladimir de Lourmel’s Brigade in Sevastopol cost of victory at Inkerman desertions better provided for than British in winter (1854 – 55) fraternization with Russian troops rumours of strikes and revolution attacks on Mamelon and Malakhov bastion examples of low morale and combat stress Chernaia river battle Malakhov victory
French army, regiments: 1st (General Canrobert’s) Division 2nd (General Bosquet’s) Division 3rd (Prince Napoleon’s) Division Chasseurs d’Afrique Spahis d’Orient 20th Regiment 22nd Regiment 95th Regiment 97th Regiment surprise attacks on Russian outworkings Zouave regiments
French navy: advanced to the Aegean (1853) compared to Russian and Turkish navies fleet moved to Besika Bay (1849) Kerch raid (1855) on war footing (1853)
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia
Friends of Poland, Associations, in Britain
Froment, François-Marie de, Observations sur la Russie
Fuad Efendi (Ottoman commissioner in Bucharest)
Fuad Pasha (Tanzimat reformer), and the Paris Peace Congress (1856)
Gage, Capt (later Lt-Col) Edward RA (Raglan’s Staff): at Alma at Sevastopol
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The Crimean War Page 67
