6. AF to WW, June 1, 1910.
7. AF to WW, July 8, 1910.
8. WW to AF, July 21, 1910.
9. Boston Daily Globe, August 5, 1910, p. 1.
CHAPTER 21. MAVERICKS
1. Doris L. Rich, The Magnificent Moisants (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998), p. 13.
2. New-York Tribune, August 11, 1910, p. 1.
3. Aeronautics, August 1910, p. 88.
4. Holden Richardson interview, Columbia Oral History Project.
5. NYT, February 12, 1912, p. 11.
6. Washington Times, October 14, 1910, p. 1.
7. Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 293.
8. Rich, Moisants, pp. 40–41.
9. NYT, August 20, 1910, p. 1.
10. Hartford Courant, October 26, 1910, p. 1.
11. Boston Daily Globe, November 18, 1910, p. 1.
12. WW to Archibald Hoxsey, September 9, 1910.
13. NYT, October 30, 1910, p. 1.
14. NYT, October 31, 1910, p. 2.
15. Rich, Moisants, p. 69.
16. Boston Daily Globe, November 1, 1910, p. 1.
17. NYT, October 31, 1910, p. 1.
18. Quoted in Rich, Moisants, p. 68.
19. WW to OW, November 30, 1910.
20. Aeronautics, January 1911, p. 28.
21. WW to OW, December 9, 1910.
22. See Crouch, Bishop.
CHAPTER 22. FASTER, STEEPER, HIGHER
1. See Crouch, Bishop, p. 433.
2. WW to OW, December 16, 1910.
3. OW to WW, November 24, 1910.
4. NYT, November 5, 1910, p. 3.
5. WW to OW, December 9, 1910.
6. Linda Arvidson Griffith, When the Movies Were Young (New York: Benjamin Blom, 1925), p. 10.
7. San Francisco Call, November 10, 1901, p. 20.
8. Curtiss Aviation Book, p. 116.
9. Ibid., pp. 118–19.
10. Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 311.
11. Boston Daily Globe, November 18, 1910, p. 1.
12. Ibid.
13. Richmond Times-Dispatch, November 1910, p. 1.
14. Walter Brookins to WW, January 10, 1911.
15. WW to OW, December 9, 1910.
16. WW to OW, November 30, 1910. This is the same letter in which Wilbur closed complaining of the Belmont “swindlers” and vowing to sue to get an additional $15,000.
17. Aeronautics, January 1911, pp. 3–5.
18. NYT, December 27, 1910.
19. New York World, January 1, 1911, p. 1.
20. NYT, January 1, 1911, p. 2.
21. San Francisco Call, January 2, 1911.
CHAPTER 23. WAR BIRDS
1. Aircraft, February 1911, p. 432.
2. Curtiss Aviation Book, p. 120.
3. Aeronautics, March 1911, p. 95.
4. Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 308.
5. Quoted in ibid., p. 279.
6. Ibid., p. 313.
7. Curtiss Aviation Book, p. 123.
8. Much of the technical work Wilbur did was theorizing with Orville in their exchanges of letters when one of them was traveling.
9. OW to WW, April 23, 1911.
CHAPTER 24. OWNING THE SKY
1. OW to HAT, May 11, 1911.
2. Knabenshue to OW, emphasis added, July 7, 1911.
3. NYT, April 5, 1911, p. 11.
4. Washington Herald, May 6, 1911, p. 3.
5. Ibid.
6. Beckwith Havens interview, Columbia Oral History Project.
7. NYT, August 8, 1911, pp. 1–2.
8. Chicago Daily Tribune, August 13, 1911, p. 1.
9. Ibid., August 14, 1911, p. 3.
10. Ibid., August 16, 1911, p. 1.
11. Aeronautics, September 1911, p. 92.
12. Chicago Daily Tribune, August 16, 1911, p. 1.
13. New York Sun, August 10, 1911, p. 7.
14. Chicago Daily Tribune, August 21, 1911, p. 1.
15. Aircraft, September 1911, p. 229.
CHAPTER 25. THE WAGES OF RIGHTEOUSNESS
1. OW to WW, September 22, 1911.
2. WW to OW, April 24, 1912.
3. Aeronautics, January 1912, p. 1.
4. Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mwright&fileName=04/04127/mwright04127.db&recNum=0&itemLink=D?wright:125:./temp/~ammem_eOAX:.
5. Aircraft, January 1912, p. 367.
6. Hevésy’s given name was Wilhelm, but he went under the French equivalent.
7. WW to Guillaume de Hevésy, January 25, 1912.
8. NYT, January 28, 1912, p. 2.
9. Pliny Williamson to WW, January 26, 1912.
10. OW to Russell Alger, March 27, 1912.
11. Most of the day-to-day account of Wilbur’s illness comes from Milton Wright’s diary, reproduced in Papers, pp. 1042–46.
CHAPTER 26. THE ROMANCE OF DEATH
1. New-York Tribune, September 2, 1911, p. 1.
2. Aero and Hydro, October 7, 1911, p. 10.
3. National Aviation Hall of Fame, http://www.nationalaviation.org/beachey-lincoln/.
4. San Francisco Call, October 20, 1911, p. 1.
5. Page’s flights at the Los Angeles meet are described in Aeronautics, February 1912, the San Francisco Call, January 23, 1912, p. 1, and NYT, January 23, 1912, p. 1.
6. Aeronautics, February 1912, p. 63.
7. San Francisco Call, January 28, 1912.
8. San Francisco Call, April 4, 1912.
9. Aeronautics, July 1912, p. 39. Rodgers was thus the first victim of bird strike.
10. San Francisco Call, May 31, 1912, p. 1.
11. Chicago Day Book, May 31, 1912, p. 5.
12. San Francisco Call, June 2, 1912, p. 33.
13. NYT, June 12, 1912, p. 3.
14. NYT, July 2, 1912, p. 1.
15. NYT, July 3, 1912, p. 7.
16. Chicago Daily Tribune, September 23, 1912, p. 3.
CHAPTER 27. A RELUCTANT STEWARD
1. Loening, Our Wings Grow Faster, p. 44.
2. Grover C. Loening, Takeoff into Greatness (New York: Putnam, 1968), p. 54.
3. Crouch, Bishop, pp. 455–56.
4. Aeronautics, July 1912.
5. Hazel actually used the testimony of Charles Willard and Lieutenant Thomas Milling instead of Post’s. Willard testified that he sometimes used the rudder; Milling claimed to have done so almost always.
6. 204 F. 597, D.C.N.Y., 1913, February 21, 1913.
7. Aeronautics, March 1913.
8. Quoted in Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 341.
9. Pooling of Patents: Hearing on H.R. 4523 Before the House Comm. on Patents, 74th Cong. 115 (1936).
10. Loening, Our Wings Grow Faster, p. 45; Crouch, Bishop, p. 455.
11. Crouch, Bishop, pp. 457–58.
12. Ibid., p. 459.
13. NYT, January 5, 1914, p. 7.
CHAPTER 28. A WISP OF VICTORY
1. 211 F. 654, CA 2, 1914. The judges were Alfred C. Coxe, Emile Lacombe, and Henry Ward, all longtime members of the court and all appointed by probusiness presidents.
2. NYT, January 27, 1914, p. 1.
3. NYT, January 28, 1914.
4. Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 327.
CHAPTER 29. THE GRIP OF THE SPOTLIGHT
1. NYT, May 13, 1913, p. 6.
2. It was later learned that twelve days earlier, Peter Nesterov, a captain in the Russian army, had flown a loop as well.
3. New-York Tribune, September 29, 1913, p. 1.
4. NYT, March 26, 1914, p. 10.
5. Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 371.
6. New-York Tribune, May 23, 1914, p. 20.
7. Hartford Courant, June 15, 1914, p. 12.
8. Ibid., July 13, 1914, p. 13.
CHAPTER 30. THE DEATH OF INNOCENCE
1. Philadelphia Inquirer, January 9, 1914.
2. Aeronautics, July 1914.
3. Ibid., April 15, 1915, p. 42.
EPILOGUE
2. Ibid., p. 476.
3. Tom Crouch comes just short of blaming Katharine for the rift. “Orville believed that he and his sister were bound by a firm understanding—they were the sole survivors. Through it all, from Milton’s early church difficulties to the patent wars, they had avoided any entangling personal relationships outside the family circle.… In this family, such informal agreements had the force of law.” Crouch, Bishop, p. 482.
4. Quoted in Crouch, Bishop, p. 472.
5. The War Department would not let any of the participants compete for the money since the flight was under the auspices of the United States government.
6. Roseberry, Curtiss, p. 479.
BOOKS AND ARTICLES
Anderson, John D., Jr. A History of Aerodynamics and Its Impact on Flying Machines. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Brady, Tim, ed. The American Aviation Experience: A History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000.
Crouch, Tom D. The Bishop’s Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: Norton, 1989.
———A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905. New York: Norton, 1981.
Curtiss, Glenn Hammond, and Augustus Post. The Curtiss Aviation Book. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1912.
Goddard, Stephen B. Race to the Sky: The Wright Brothers Versus the United States Government. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2003.
Grahame-White, Claude. The Aeroplane: Past, Present, and Future. New York: Harry Harper, 1911.
Greenleaf, William, and David L. Lewis. Monopoly on Wheels: Henry Ford and the Selden Automobile Patent. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2011.
Griffith, Linda Arvidson. When the Movies Were Young. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1925.
Harp, Stephen L. Marketing Michelin: Advertising and Cultural Identity in Twentieth-Century France. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Hatch, Alden. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Aviation. 1942; reprint, Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2007.
Hedin, Robert. The Zeppelin Reader: Stories, Poems, and Songs from the Age of Airships. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1998.
Herlihy, David V. Bicycle: The History. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004.
Hobbs, Leonard S. The Wright Brothers’ Engines and Their Design. Washington, D.C.: Military Bookshop, 2011.
Hoffman, Paul. Wings of Madness: Alberto Santos-Dumont and the Invention of Flight. New York: Hyperion, 2003.
Howard, Fred. Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers. New York: Knopf, 1987.
Johnson, Herbert A. “The Wright Patent Wars and Early American Aviation,” Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Winter 2004.
Kelly, Fred C. The Wright Brothers: A Biography. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 1989.
Kurtz, Gary F. “ ‘Navigating the Upper Strata’ and the Quest for Dirigibility.” California History 58, No. 4 (Winter 1979/1980).
Lebow, Eileen F. Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation. Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 2002.
Loening, Grover C. Our Wings Grow Faster. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Doran, 1935.
———Takeoff into Greatness: How American Aviation Grew So Big So Fast. New York: Putnam, 1968.
Ludlow, Israel. Navigating the Air: A Scientific Statement of the Progress of Aëronautical Science Up to the Present Time. New York: Aero Club of America, 1907.
Marrero, Frank. Lincoln Beachey: The Man Who Owned the Sky. San Francisco: Scottwall, 1997.
McFarland, Marvin W., ed. The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Mortimer, Gavin. Chasing Icarus: The Seventeen Days in 1910 That Forever Changed American Aviation. New York: Walker, 2010.
Pattillo, Donald M. Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001.
Pauley, Kenneth E., and Dominguez Rancho Adobe Museum. The 1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet. Mount Pleasant, S.C.: Arcadia, 2009.
Pottage, Alain, and Brad Sherman. Figures of Invention: A History of Modern Patent Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Rich, Doris L. The Magnificent Moisants: Champions of Early Flight. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.
Roseberry, C. R. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972.
Schoonover, Thomas David. The United States in Central America, 1860–1911: Episodes of Social Imperialism and Imperial Rivalry in the World System. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1991.
Schwartz, Rosalie. Flying Down to Rio: Hollywood, Tourists, and Yankee Clippers. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004.
Scott, Phil. Then & Now: How Airplanes Got This Way. Batavia, Ohio: Sporty’s Pilot Shop, 2012.
Shulman, Seth. Unlocking the Sky: Glenn Hammond Curtiss and the Race to Invent the Airplane. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.
Smith, Robert A. A Social History of the Bicycle, Its Early Life and Times in America. New York: American Heritage Press, 1972.
Spenser, Jay. The Airplane: How Ideas Gave Us Wings. New York: Collins, 2008.
Subotnik, Rena Faye, and Herbert J. Walberg. The Scientific Basis of Education Productivity. Washington, D.C.: Information Age, 2006.
Tobin, James. To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: And Other Writings. New York: Penguin, 2002.
Wright, Wilbur, Orville Wright, and Fred C. Kelly (ed.). Miracle at Kitty Hawk: The Letters of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: Da Capo, 2002.
WEBSITES
Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/bellhome.html.
Chronicling America. National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/.
The Hudson–Fulton Celebration and New York City. Fordham University. http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges_graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/fordham_college_at_l/special_programs/honors_program/hudsonfulton_celebra/.
Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wrighthtml/wrighthome.html.
Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company. http://www.wright-brothers.org.
PERIODICALS
Aero and Hydro: America’s Aviation Weekly. Vols. 1–5, 1909–13. Chicago: E. Percy Noël.
Aeronautics. Vols. 1–17, 1908–15. New York: E. L. Jones, by the Aeronautics Press.
Aircraft. Vols. 1–5, 1910–15. New York: Lawson.
Everybody’s Magazine. Vol. 20, January 1909. New York: North American.
The Horseless Age. Vol. 7, May 1900. New York: Horseless Age.
Munsey’s Magazine. Vol. 45, September 1911. New York: Frank A. Munsey.
National Geographic. Vol. 14, June 1903. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
National Magazine. Vol. 28, July 1908. Boston: Chappelle.
Popular Science. Vol. 110, April 1927. New York: Popular Science Publishing.
Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 74, 1911. Chicago: American Society of Civil Engineers.
OTHER
The Aeronautical Annual: Devoted to the Encouragement of Experiment with Aerial Machines and to the Advancement of the Science Aerodynamics. Vols. 1–3, 1894–96. Boston: W. B. Clarke.
Columbia Oral History Project: Beckwith Havens, Hillary Beachey, Holden Richardson, Matilde Moisant.
Inherently Unequal: The Betrayal of Equal Rights by the Supreme Court, 1865–1903
Dark Bargain: Slavery, Profits, and the Struggle for the Constitution
The Activist: John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, and the Myth of Judicial Review
The
Astronomer
The Anatomy of Deception
Off-Line
Rights
With Nancy Goldstone
Out of the Flames: The Remarkable Story of a Fearless Scholar, a Fatal Heresy, and One of the Rarest Books in the World
The Friar and the Cipher: Roger Bacon and the Unsolved Mystery of the Most Unusual Manuscript in the World
Deconstructing Penguins: Parents, Kids, and the Bond of Reading
Used and Rare: Travels in the Book World
Slightly Chipped: Footnotes in Booklore
Warmly Inscribed: The New England Forger and Other Book Tales
With Vernona Gomez
Lefty: An American Odyssey
LAWRENCE GOLDSTONE is the author or co-author of fourteen books, and a recipient of the New American Writing Award. His writing has appeared in the Boston Globe, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Miami Herald, and other periodicals. He has also been a teacher, lecturer, senior member of a Wall Street trading firm, taxi driver, actor, quiz show contestant, and policy analyst at the Hudson Institute. He lives in Sagaponack, New York, with his wife and daughter.
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