by Simon Dixon
Pitt, William, the Younger 298, 299, 311
Plague of 1 771 206—7, 209, 215
Plutarch 310
Lives 67, 306
Podobedov, Metropolitan Amvrosy 320, 322
Podolia 290
Poissonnier, François 108–9
Pokrovskoye 127
Poland
C’s support for Orthdox fanatics in 183
Chernyshëv eager to annexe Polish territory 185
C’s ambitions in 186, 187
Frederick the Great’s ambitions 186, 207
first partition 217, 250
Potëmkin’s claims in 255
Potëmkin builds up his estates in 290
Fox’s support 299
new constitution 301
complexity of the Polish question 309
second partition 309
massacre of Poles at Praga 309
third partition 309–10
Polar Star (Decembrist journal) 324
Polevoy, Nikolay 327
police boards 255
Police Ordinance 255
Polish Deputies 267
Pöllnitz, Baron 29
Polotsk 251, 252, 278
Poltava 287
battle of (1709) 41, 93
Pomerania 24
Poniatowski, Count Stanislaw August 100, 106, 113, 118, 132, 286
Hanbury-Williams’ protégé 93
as C’s lover 93–4, 95, 103
personality 93
and birth of Anna Petrovna 104–5
returns to Poland 106
C promises to make him king 185
elected King of Poland (1764) 186
C renews her acquaintanceship with him 284, 287
and the new Polish constitution 301
shattering of his dreams of autonomy 309
Poroshin, Semën 140, 147, 152
Postal Chancellery 8, 158
Potëmkin, Grigory 6, 203, 236, 246, 252, 260, 269, 291, 306
relationship with C 6, 27, 229, 231–2, 234, 238, 241, 265, 301
besieges the Turks on the Danube 229
supplants Vasilchikov 229
first presented to C 230–31
appearance 232
links with the clergy 232
incipient rivalry with Panin 236
and Orlov’s illness 242
and Anichkov Palace 242
and Zorich 243
celebration of Constantine’s birth 249
obsession ‘with the idea of raising an Empire in the east’ 249
supports a rapprochement with Austria 250
arranges marriages for his nieces 255
C’s gift of a Sèvres service 262
and Crimean rebellion 263
Governor General of the Tauride 263–4
comforts the bereaved C 268
and Yermolov 270
visits Moscow with C 272, 274
insatiable ambitions in the South 280
and Dmitryev-Mamonov 280
and Samuel Bentham 282
headquarters at Kremenchug 286
re-enactment of Peter the Great’s victory over the Swedes (1709) 287–8
hypochondria 288–9
his Polish estates 290, 309
and Radishchev’s book 292
and the second Russo-Turkish War 288–9, 291, 294, 296, 297, 303
and Tauride Palace 46, 299, 331
reputation for corruption 301, 334
on Zubov 307
death 303–4, 309, 317
his estate 304–5
glassworks 311
Danilevsky’s claim 330 ‘Potëmkin villages’ 286
Potocki, Ignacy 301
Potsdam 33, 37, 204, 217
Poussin, Nicolas 304
Praga, Warsaw 309
Prechistensky Palace, Moscow 214, 238
Prejudice Overcome (allegorical ballet) 191
Preobrazhensky Guards 44–5, 100, 123, 217, 305
Prokopovich, Feofan 131
Protasova, Anna 269, 274, 315
Protestantism 248, 312
Provincial Reform 239–40, 241, 250, 251, 254, 271, 273
Prozorovsky, Prince 308
Prussia
defensive alliance with Russia 187, 250
implacable enemy of Austria 187
Prussian army: 8th infantry regiment 25
Pruth, battle of the (1711) 77
Pskov 251, 265
publishing, independent 277, 310
Pugachëv, Yemelyan 238, 239, 256, 328, 330
appearance 228
seizure of Iletsk 228
sets up ‘College of War’ at Berda 228
C makes light of his rebellion 229, 232
forced to abandon his headquarters 233
regroups in the Urals 233
final rally 235, 236
betrayed by the Cossacks 236
trial and execution 237, 308
Pulkovo 209, 234
Pushchin, Vice Admiral Peter Ivanovich 158, 274, 286
Pushkin, Alexander 161, 324, 328
History of Pugachëv 327
‘Table-Talk’ 328
Q
Quarenghi, Giacomo 262–3, 265, 267, 278–9, 315
R
Radishchev, Alexander 292, 294, 300–301
Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow 272, 291–2
Raphael 304
Holy Family 193
loggias 245, 262, 278
Rastrelli, Francesco Bartolomeo 47, 69, 138, 150, 151, 158, 259, 295, 319
designs the stone Winter Palace 55
demolition of his Summer Palace 57, 320
and C’s wedding 60, 61
pyramid of fire device 78, 91
St Petersburg summer house 81–2
Golovin Palace resurrection 88
completes transformation of Peterhof 95
temporary leave from Russia 135
fails to be confirmed in the rank of major general 135–6
leaves Russia for good 136
Raynal, Guillaume: History of the Two Indies 292
Razumovsky, Aleksey 69, 76, 85, 95, 99–100, 113
a Ukrainian of Cossack extraction 14
Elizabeth’s lover 14
Elizabeth’s Grand Master of the Hunt 14, 48
Gostilitsy estate 45, 82
appearance 48
Kozelets estate 53
and C’s marriage 59, 60, 61
and C’s coronation 14, 19
and Yelagin 131
Razumovsky, Andrey 245
Razumovsky, Kirill 95, 99–100, 123, 133, 142, 190, 233, 239, 268, 328
Red Square, Moscow 6, 17
Red Staircase, Moscow 8, 9, 10, 13, 21, 52, 239
Reiffenstein, Johann Friedrich 261
Reims Cathedral 16
Rembrandt van Rijn 193
Abraham and Isaac 261
Return of the Prodigal Son 193
Repnin, Prince Nikolay 128, 186, 235, 269, 302–3, 311
Repnin, Princess 255
Reval 85, 155, 204, 218, 290, 293
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 225
Ribas, Admiral 333
Ribas, José de 296
Richardson, William 152, 179–80, 183, 190, 198
Riga, Latvia 39, 153
Riger, Justus 81
Rimsky-Korsakov, Ivan 144, 243, 261
Rinaldi, Antonio 45, 104, 147–8, 179, 181, 197, 209, 210, 216, 262, 318, 319
Rogerson, Dr John 265, 266, 267, 281, 290, 315
Romanov dynasty
founded (1613) 62, 164
dynastic pretensions 66
Saltykovs and Naryshkins marry into 14
Rome 6, 254, 258, 261, 279, 306
Ropsha country estate 124, 125, 145, 315
Rosa, Madame 279
Rosicrucians 276, 277, 308
Rossbach, battle of (1757) 105, 184
Rossi, Carlo 97
Rossignol, Antoine 156
Rostokino 273
Rostov 151
Rouss
eau, Jean-Jacques 32, 222
Le devin du village 256
Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts [The First Discourse] 154
Emile 129
Rowlandson, Thomas 297
Royal Society, London 23–4
Rubens, Peter Paul 193, 304
Rulhière, Claude Carloman de 64
Rumyantsev, Count Nikolay 323
Rumyantsev, Count Peter 154, 197, 203–4, 206, 235, 241, 242, 245, 251, 252, 281, 284, 293, 309, 321
Rumyantseva, Countess Maria 65, 73, 144, 255
Rus 54
Russia
the second emergent power in the Baltic 25
diplomatic alliance with Austria (1726) 35
C journeys to (1744) 37–40
celebrates peace with Sweden (1744) 65
financial problems 75, 121, 129
aftermath of Seven Years’ War 128–9
cultural Westernisation 152, 201
defensive alliance with Prussia (1764) 187, 250
defensive alliance with Denmark (1765) 188
C defends criticism of citizens 201
Black Sea conquests 207
conceived by Diderot as a tabula rasa 227
formal alliance with Austria (1781) 253, 269, 290
Anglo-Russian relations at an all-time low 298
commercial treaty with France (1787) 298
joins anti-French coalition (1798) 301–2
Russian Academy 199, 264, 275, 324, 326
Russian Archive (journal) 329
Russian Court 35
the roots of Russia’s Baroque Court culture 71
in Moscow 10, 43, 46
ceremonials in church 16, 79–80
visits Gostilitsy 45
the Court choir 48, 150, 294
lavish presents to C on her recovery from pleurisy 49
shot through with intrigue 65
‘nocturnalisation’ of Court life 70–71
assemblies 71
dress 71, 72–3, 74
reception days 71–2
gift-giving 73
financial matters 73–5
food 80–81
Baroque survivals in C’s reign 147–8, 205, 299–300
Russian fleet 202, 287, 289, 293
Russian Law Code (1649) 157
Russian Orthodox Church
split in mid-seventeenth century 165
Peter III’s determination to confiscate Church lands 121
C’s coronation 15–16
monastic property 52, 131, 153–4
Potëmkin’s links with the clergy 232
Russian Orthodoxy
C’s first experience of 48
C’s loyalty to 12, 14, 18, 149–52, 273, 312
Peter III’s contempt for Orthodox tradition 12
and C’s coronation 19, 22
C’s acceptance into 51–2, 73
a golden age of Baroque church-building 79
Elizabeth’s piety 79
services and feast days 79–80
C ready to provoke a conflict in its defence 183, 184
the cradle of Orthodoxy 285
Russian Revolution (1905) 331
Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) 35
Russo-Swedish War (1788–90) 290, 291, 293–4
Russo-Swedish War (1808–9) 320
Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) 183, 188, 195–9, 202–4, 206–11, 213, 214, 218, 224, 232, 235, 237, 238, 239, 250
Russo-Turkish War (1787–91) 280, 288–91, 294, 296–303
Ryckwaert, Cornelis 33
Rymnik River 291
Rzhevsky, Aleksey: ‘Birthday Ode’ 22
S
Sachsen-Coburg, Princess Juliana Henrietta of 313
St Basil’s Cathedral (Cathedral of the Protecting Veil of the Mother of God), Moscow 17
Saint Catherine (yacht) 179
Saint Evstafy (ship) 202
St Martin St Nicholas (Naval) Cathedral, St Petersburg 79
St Petersburg 82, 322
origins 41
geometrically regimented 7
granite embankments 258
as Residenzstadt 41–2
fires (1736 and 1737) 43–4
C’s ceremonial re-entry into 127–8
great flood 257–8
St Petersburg (Dutch vessel) 57
St Petersburg News 57, 69, 77, 78
St Petersburg Public Library 330
St Sophia Cathedral, Tsarskoye Selo 250
Saint-Germain, Treaty of (1679) 25
Saldern, Caspar von 189, 219, 230
Saltykov, Count Nikolay 295, 303, 307
Saltykov, Field Marshal Peter 14, 160, 204, 206, 208, 212, 213
Saltykov, Sergey 87, 92, 178, 190, 197, 328
Saltykov family 14
Salzdahlum, Lower Saxony 29
Samoiedes 174
Sanches, António 49
Santi, Count 56–7, 58, 59, 60
Saratov 227, 236
Sarti, Giuseppe: Te Deum 294
Saxe-Gotha, Duke of 223
Saxe-Gotha, Princess Louise of 220
Saxe-Gotha, Prince William of 34
Schaden, Professor Johann: ‘On the Spirit of the Laws’ 160
Schilling, Dr 113
Schleswig 120
Schlüsselburg fortress, near St Petersburg 12, 124, 308
Schönbrunn, Vienna 191
Schönhausen palace, Berlin 37
Schroeder, Paul 301
Schumacher, Andreas 124–5
Schütze, Johann Christoph 33, 34
Schwedt an der Oder 37
Sechënov, Archbishop Dimitry 14, 19, 123, 151, 160, 166, 171, 176, 178
Secret Chancellery 90
Ségur, Count 272, 274, 283, 287
Seleucco (Pasquini) 79
Seltsa estate 220
Semënovsky Guards 44, 54, 123, 208, 255
Senate, the 9, 14, 95, 121, 133, 175, 190, 230, 271, 324
Senate Building, St Petersburg 97
Senate Palace, Moscow 16
Sennoye 251
Senyavin, Admiral 208
Serafim of Sarov, St 8
Serbia 248
serfdom 129, 154, 163, 172–3, 175, 271, 272, 277, 290, 292, 310, 320
Sevastopol 287, 289
Seven Years’ War (1756–63) 14, 103, 105, 106, 119, 128, 157, 159, 184, 186, 187, 194, 195
Sèvres 262
Shafirov family 111
Shakespeare, William 93
Julius Caesar 310
Shakhovskoy, Yakov 116, 133
Shcherbatov, Prince Mikhail 95–6, 118–19, 143, 333
Shcherbatova, Princess Darya 190, 290
Shcherbatsky, Metropolitan Timofey 7, 14
Shepelëv, Ober-hofmeister 92
Sheremetev, Count Nikolay 288
Sheremetev, Count Peter 5, 60, 117, 127, 139
Sheremetev Palace, St Petersburg 140
Sheremeteva, Countess Anna 177, 178
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 298
Sheshkovsky, prosecutor 308
Shirley, Henry 173–4
Shishkova, Alexandra 323
Shklov 251
Shubin, Fëdor 305, 312
Shuvalov, General Alexander 90, 92
Shuvalov, Count Andrey 162, 176, 182, 195, 311
Shuvalov, Ivan 91, 94, 95, 97, 109, 113, 115, 168, 193, 307, 314, 315
Shuvalov, Peter 62, 96, 110, 113, 115, 157
Shuvalov family 102, 105, 106, 114, 119
Siberia 256, 292
Siegen, Prince Nassau 293
Sievers, Count Karl 21, 135, 146–7, 220, 234
Sievers, Yakov 93, 140, 229, 240, 273
Silistria 229, 235
Simbirsk 169
Simferopol 287
Simonetti, Giovanni 33
Skavronska, Countess Catherine (née Engelhardt) 255
Skavronsky, Count 255
Skavronsky, Counts 143
Skavronsky family 70
Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy, Moscow 7
Slizov, Konstantin 3–4, 239
smallpox 23–4
inoculation 188–90, 247–8, 262, 284
Smolensk 240, 278, 281–2
Smolny Cathedral, St Petersburg 79
Smolny Convent 99, 205
Smolny Institute 130, 178, 303
Society for the Education of Young Noblewomen 130
Society for the Translation of Foreign Books 199, 261
Sofia, near Tsarskoye Selo 250, 265, 278, 314
Sollogub, Countess Natalia 284
Solms, Count 126, 195, 207, 216
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 171–2
Somov, Konstantin 331
Sophia, Tsarevna 12, 13
Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg see Maria Fëdorovna, Grand Duchess Sorbonne, Paris 188, 190
Soubise, Cardinal de 142
Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–14) 25
Sparrow, Charles 210
Spectator, The 198
Speransky, Mikhail 325
Spiridov, Admiral 202
Sreznevsky, Ivan 322
Stable Chancellery, Moscow 59
Stählin, Jacob 64, 77, 111, 115, 117, 128, 136
Stalin, Joseph 171–2
Stanislaw August Poniatowski, King of Poland see Poniatowski Starov, Ivan 246–7, 275, 294, 305
State Duma 331
Stedingk, Baron 294–9
Steele, Richard 198
Steen, Jan: Revellers 193
Stephen the Little 196
Sterne, Laurence: Sentimental Journey
292
Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland) 23, 24, 25, 28, 32, 333
Stockholm, Court of 92
Stockholm, Peace of (1720) 25
Stone Island 140
Stowe, Buckinghamshire 94
Stroganov, Alexander 140, 141–2, 160, 171, 172, 178, 193, 250, 251, 256, 261, 302, 321
Stroganov, Baron Sergey 95
Stroganov Palace 115, 141
Stroganova, Countess 143, 177
Sudermania, duke of 314
Sukhodolsky, Vasily: Astronomy 110
Sumarokov, Alexander 22, 51, 122, 327
Ode to Potëmkin 237
‘On the First Day of 1763’ 17
Sinav and Truvor 110, 146
Sumarokov, Peter 14, 322
Summer Annenhof, Moscow 51
Summer Garden, St Petersburg 36, 128, 256, 258
Summer House, St Petersburg 81–2, 83
Summer Palace, Moscow (1730) 47
Summer Palace, St Petersburg (1741–4) 55, 57, 61, 68, 78, 83, 113, 128, 145, 149, 180, 236, 258, 295, 320
Sutherland, Richard 307–8
Suvorov, Field Marshal 235, 291, 296, 299, 300, 303, 309, 311, 322, 333
Svenskund 293
Svinin, Pavel 328
Sweden
Great Northern War 9, 288
as the dominant Baltic power in the seventeenth century 24
spoils of the Thirty Years’ War 24
Russia celebrates peace with (1744) 65
suspension of the 1720 constitution 217
restoration of the monarchy’s absolute powers 217
