Henry Markram, “Henry Markram builds a brain in a supercomputer”, a talk given at TEDGlobal conference, July 2009.
Henry Markram, op. cit. , 2009.
An excellent and very accessible overview of Haikonen’s ideas can be found in: Pentti O. Haikonen, “The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines”, Imprint Academic, March 2003.
Randall O’Reilly and Yuko Munakata, “Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience: Understanding the Mind by Simulating the Brain”, MIT Press, September 2000.
Chapter 8:
Claude E. Shannon, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”, Bell System Technical Journal, volume 27, July, October, 1948, pp. 379-423, 623-656.
Claude E. Shannon, op. cit. , p. 379.
Zeno’s paradoxes are a set of problems devised by Zeno of Elea, a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of southern Italy. The paradox of “Achilles and the tortoise” is one of Zeno’s eight surviving paradoxes. It goes as follows: in a race where the tortoise has a head start, it is stated that Achilles can never overtake the tortoise, even though he can run much faster. The idea is that, in order to overtake the tortoise, Achilles has first to cover the distance that initially separated him from the tortoise. In the time it takes him to do so, the tortoise will have moved a short distance further, and still be ahead of Achilles. Achilles then has to cover that short distance but, by the time he does so, the tortoise will again be a little further, and so on. So Achilles can never overtake the tortoise, which, of course, contradicts observation. Naturally, this is only a paradox if we assume that an infinite number steps requires infinite time to be performed. In practice, however, the time taken by each subsequent step becomes increasingly shorter. Therefore, even though Achilles does need an infinite number of steps to overtake the tortoise, he performs those steps in finite time.
Jill Bolte Taylor, “Jill Bolte Taylor’s stroke of insight”, a talk given at TED conference, 2008.
Cosimo Urgesi, Salvatore M. Aglioti, Miran Skrap, and Franco Fabbro, “The Spiritual Brain: Selective Cortical Lesions Modulate Human Self-Transcendence”, Neuron 65, February 11, 2010, pp. 309-319.
Aldous Huxley, “The Doors of Perception and Heaven and Hell”, Vintage Books, London, 2004, pp. 10-11.
Chapter 10:
Richard Maurice Bucke, editor, “Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind”, Innes & Sons, Philadelphia, 1905.
Richard Maurice Bucke, op. cit. , p. 14.
Richard Maurice Bucke, op. cit. , p. 2.
Richard Maurice Bucke, op. cit. , p. 59.
D.H. Lajoie and S.I. Shapiro, “Definitions of transpersonal psychology: The first twenty-three years”, Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, Vol. 24, 1992, p. 91.
The use of the qualifier unconscious does not imply that the contents of the collective unconscious are beyond the reach of conscious awareness. Through altered states of consciousness, like certain kinds of dreams, one can tap into the collective unconscious.
Chapter 12:
See, for instance: James C. Spall, “Introduction to Stochastic Search and Optimization”, Wiley-Interscience, March 2003.
Chapter 15:
See, for instance: Alfred North Whitehead, “Adventures of Ideas”, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1933.
See, for instance: Peter Russell, “From Science to God: A Physicist’s Journey into the Mystery of Consciousness”, New World Library, March 2003.
A largely self-contained overview of Amit Goswami’s ideas on consciousness can be found in: Amit Goswami with Richard E. Reed and Maggie Goswami, “The Self-Aware Universe: How Consciousness Creates the Material World”, Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putman, New York, 1993.
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