British and American Representations of 9-11

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British and American Representations of 9-11 Page 36

by Oana-Celia Gheorghiu


  12 September 2001

  President Bush orders his staff to check whether Iraq was involved in the attacks

  13 September 2001

  NSC meeting, President Bush orders Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to design a plan against the Taliban

  14 September 2001

  The State Department delivers ‘The Game-Plan for a Political-Military Strategy for Pakistan and Afghanistan’, issuing an ultimatum to turn over Bin Laden and close down all Al-Qaeda camps within 48 hours. Not expecting the Taliban to comply, the State Department proposes an attack on Afghanistan with the support of NATO countries and other allies

  15–16 September 2001

  War Council at Camp David

  18 September 2001

  A memo sent to Rice, titled ‘Survey on Intelligence Information on Any Iraq Involvement in the September 11 Attacks’ finds no compelling evidence that Iraq participated or planned the attacks

  20 September 2001

  President Bush meets with British Prime Minister Tony Blair to discuss the global crisis. Later that day, President Bush addresses the nation before a joint session of the Congress

  26 October 2001

  The USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) is signed into law by President Bush (Public Law 107-56)

  Table A.4The war in Afghanistan (2001–ongoing)

  21 September 2001

  2 October 2001

  President Bush approves the four-phase plans for Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan

  Phase 1

  October 2001

  The United States and its allies move military forces to the region, arranging for the operations to start from neighbouring countries, Uzbekistan and Pakistan

  Phase 2

  7 October 2001

  Air strikes and raids against Afghanistan begin

  Phase 3

  November 2001–March 2002

  Decisive operations are carried out to topple the Taliban regime

  9 November 2001

  City of Mazar-el-Shariff falls to a coalition attack

  13 November 2001

  The Taliban flee from Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan

  22 December 2001

  Hamid Karzai from Kandahar is installed as the chairman of the interim administration. Afghanistan is liberated from the rule of the Taliban

  22 March 2002

  Operation Anaconda. Successful three-week battle against the remaining Al-Qaeda jihadist forces, who take refuge in Pakistan

  Phase 4

  March 2002–present

  Security and stability operations ‘The United States and the international community should make a long-term commitment to a secure and stable Afghanistan, in order to give the government a reasonable opportunity to improve the life of the Afghan people. Afghanistan must not again become a sanctuary for international crime and terrorism‘ ( 9/11 CR 2004: 370)

  2003–2005

  The Taliban try to regroup, recruiting jihadists

  2006

  The US troops are replaced with an international ISAF contingent

  2007–2011

  NATO military operations continue in Afghanistan. Tensions with Pakistan heighten

  2 May 2011

  Osama bin Laden is found and killed

  Withdrawal of forces

  22 June 2011

  President Barack Obama announces the withdrawal of the American troops from Afghanistan

  2011–2014

  Troop withdrawals. Insurgency intensifies

  Table A.5Temporal and thematic distribution in the literary texts in the corpus

  9//11

  War on terror

  Politics

  Media

  Americanism

  Anti-Americanism

  The Muslim other

  Western trauma

  DA

  DA

  DA

  DA

  DA

  DA

  FM

  FM

  FM

  FM

  FM

  Sub

  Sub

  Sub

  Sub

  Sub

  TLD

  TLD

  TLD

  S

  S

  S

  S

  SH

  SH

  SH

  RF

  RF

  RF

  RF

  DA – Dead Air by Iain Banks, FM – Falling Man by Don DeLillo, Sub – The Submission by Amy Waldman, TLD – The Last Days of Muhammad Atta by Martin Amis, S – Saturday by Ian McEwan, SH – Stuff Happens by David Hare, RF – The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid

  Index 1

  Numbers and Symbols

  9/11

  9/11 Commission Report, the

  9/11 fiction

  A

  Afghanistan

  Al-i-Ahmad, Jalal

  Al Jazeera

  Allah

  Al-Qaeda

  Alterity

  Althusser, Louis

  America

  See also United States, the, (U. S.)

  American

  American Airlines Flight 11

  American Airlines Flight 77

  Americanism

  Americanization

  Amis, Martin

  Anti-Americanism

  Apparatus

  Arab

  Atta, Muhammad

  Author

  B

  Baghdad

  Bakhtin, Mikhail

  Banks, Iain

  Barthes, Roland

  Baudrillard, Jean

  BBC

  Beigbeder, Frédéric

  Bhabha, Homi K.

  Bin Laden, Osama

  Blair, Tony

  Blix, Hans

  Bradbury, Malcolm

  Breaking News

  See also News

  Bush, George W.

  C

  Camus, Albert

  Character

  Charlie Hebdo

  Cheney, Dick

  Chomsky, Noam

  CNN

  Colonialism

  Construct

  Context

  Critical discourse analysis (CDA)

  Cultural materialism

  Culture

  D

  Daily Mail

  Dead Air

  Death

  Death of the author

  Deleuze, Gilles

  DeLillo, Don

  Department of Defense

  Derrida, Jacques

  de Villepin, Dominique

  Dialogism

  Disciplinary societies

  Discourse

  Documentary theatre

  Dramatic monologue

  E

  Eagleton, Terry

  East

  East-West

  Esposito, John

  Europe

  European

  European Union, the

  Exceptionalism

  F

  Fairclough, Norman

  Falling Man

  February 15, 2003

  Fiction

  Fictionalisation

  Fictionality

  Film

  Foer, Jonathan Safran

  Foucault, Michel

  Fundamentalism

  Fundamentalist

  G

  Genette, Gerard

  Gharbzadegi

  Globalization

  Gramsci, Antonio

  Gray, Richard

  Greenblatt, Stephen

  Ground Zero, the

  Guardian, the

  H

  Habermas, Jürgen

  Hamid, Mohsin

  Hanafi, Hassan

  Hare, David

  Hegemony

  Historicism

  Historiographic metafiction

  History

  Hofstede, Geert

  Hollywood

  Hussein, Saddam


  Hybridity

  I

  Identity

  Ideology

  Imagology

  Imperialism

  Independent, the

  Intertextuality

  Iraq

  ISIS

  Islam

  Islamism

  Islamophobia

  J

  Jahiliyyah

  Jihad

  Journalist

  Joyce, James

  K

  Khomeini

  L

  Leerssen, Joep

  Le Monde

  Lewis, Bernard

  Liberalism

  Literary criticism

  Literary journalism

  Literature

  Lodge, David

  London

  M

  Man Booker Prize

  Manhattan

  Manipulation

  Materialism

  McDermott, Terry

  McEwan, Ian

  Media

  Memorial

  Mohammad Khan

  Morey, Peter

  Muslim

  Muslim Arab

  Muslim identity

  Muslim Other

  N

  Narrative

  Narrator

  New Historicism

  New York (NYC)

  New York Times, the

  News

  Non-fiction

  North Atlantic Treaty

  North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)

  Novel

  O

  Obama, Barack

  Observer, the

  Occident

  Occidentalism

  Occidentosis

  Orient

  Orientalism

  Other

  Othering

  Otherness

  P

  Pakistani

  Paris

  Phobia

  Photorealism

  Politics

  Polyphony

  Postcolonialism

  Postmodernism

  Post-postmodernism

  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  Powell, Collin

  Power

  President

  Prime Minister

  Propaganda

  Public sphere

  Pynchon, Thomas

  Q

  Qur’an, the

  Qutb, Sayyid

  R

  Realism

  neorealism

  Reality

  Religion

  Reluctant Fundamentalist, the

  Representation

  Rumsfeld, Donald

  Rushdie, Salman

  S

  Said, Edward

  Saturday

  Second Plane, the

  Self

  September 11

  See also 9/11

  Short story

  Societies of control

  Spiegelman, Art

  Stereotype

  Stuff Happens

  Submission

  Submission, the

  Superpower

  Symbolism

  T

  Tabloid

  Taliban

  Taqiyya

  Telegraph, the

  Television

  Tenet, George

  Terror

  Terrorism

  Terrorist

  Tragedy

  Trauma

  Truth

  Twin Towers, the

  U

  United Airlines Flight 175

  United Kingdom, the (U.K.)

  United States, the (U.S.)

  Updike, John

  V

  Verbatim theatre

  Verisimilitude

  Versluys, Kristiaan

  W

  Waldman, Amy

  War on Terror, GWOT

  West

  Western civilisation

  Western identity

  Westernisation

  White House, the

  Woolf, Virginia

  World Trade Center (WTC)

  World War I

  World War II

  Writers on 9/11

  X

  Xenophobia

  Footnotes

  1Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

 

 

 


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