by Anne Nelson
5. Dassa, Vivre, aimer avec Auschwitz au cœur, 127–29.
6. Lucienne/Katia eventually became a leading Paris madame. She protested her innocence of the collaboration charges, but the matter was never resolved; see Josephs, Swastika over Paris, 76–78. See also Laurent Joffrin, Les Résistants: Temoignages 1940–1945 (Paris: Omnibus, 2013), 140.
7. See Goldman, Une femme juive dans les tourmentes du siècle passé, 40.
8. Rayski, The Choice of the Jews under Vichy, 235.
9. When Sophie left the hospital in November, she fled to Lyon, where she worked alongside Adam Rayski to rebuild the organization.
10. Dassa, Vivre, aimer avec Auschwitz au cœur, 134.
11. Debré, L’Honneur de vivre, 369.
12. Ibid., 367–73.
13. See Gérard Streiff, Un soldat allemand dans la résistance française: Le courage de désobéir (Paris: Oskar Éditeur, 2011). See also Mathias Meyers, “Résistance statt Wehrmacht,” Kreisvereinigung Tübingen-Mössingen, July 17, 2012, http://tuebingen.vvn-bda.de/2012/07/17/resistance-statt-wehrmacht.
14. Karlen Vesper, “Ich wollte kein Komplize sein,” Neues Deutschland, March 6, 2012, www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/220381.ich-wollte-kein-komplize-sein.html.
15. There was strikingly little interest among the Communists in attacking German officials overseeing the Jewish deportations. It appears that the group chose Ritter as a target in an attempt to win over the non-Jewish French public based on their objections to the STO.
16. Rayski, The Choice of the Jews under Vichy, 235.
17. Leroux, Malassis, and Vast, “Une dénonciation par l’image de la répression et des crimes nazis.”
18. Ibid.
19. See Jacques Vistel, “Discours de Monsieur Jacques Vistel, Président de la Fondation de la Résistance, www.fondationresistance.org/pages/actualites/une-plaque-memoire-defense-france-sorbonne_actu443.htm.
| CHAPTER 13 | flight
1. Pilette Spaak, interview.
2. Donal O’Sullivan, Dealing with the Devil: Anglo-Soviet Intelligence Cooperation in the Second World War (New York: Peter Lang, 2010), 28.
3. Perrault, The Red Orchestra, 371.
4. Bourgeois, L’Orchestre rouge, 466. See also Perrault, The Red Orchestra, 391, and Trepper, The Great Game, 282.
5. SEO agent F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas used the cardboard trick. See Bruce Marshall, The White Rabbit: The Secret Agent the Gestapo Could Not Crack (London: Cassell, 2002), 44.
6. Bourgeois, L’Orchestre rouge, 474.
7. Gilles Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge (Paris: Fayard, 1989), 386.
8. Ibid., 388.
9. Bourgeois, L’Orchestre rouge, 467. Claude tried to find connections for Trepper in the Southern Zone and thought of Ruth Peters’s fifteen-year-old cousin, Antonia Lyon-Smith, a British girl who had been stranded in occupied France. Antonia wrote a note of introduction to a friend. The Gestapo discovered the note in Georgie de Winter’s possession, which led to Lyon-Smith’s arrest. She gave a colorful account of her time in Gestapo detention in her 1982 memoir, A Little Resistance (written under her married name, Antonia Hunt).
10. Pilette Spaak interview.
11. Trepper, The Great Game, 286.
12. Cabanel, “La tentation d’une église confessante?” in Braunstein, ed., L’Oratoire du Louvre et les Protestants Parisiens, 251.
13. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 390.
14. Trepper, The Great Game, 288.
15. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 393.
16. Ibid., 388.
17. Chertok, Memoires, 131.
18. Ibid., 112.
19. Ibid.
20. Pannwitz, “CARETINA’s History of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle,” 32–33.
21. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 399.
22. Camplan, Renouveau, 3.
23. Pilette Spaak interview.
24. Chertok, Memoires, 113–14. See also Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 401.
| CHAPTER 14 | all saints’ day
1. Milhaud and Milhaud, L’Entraide Temporaire, 25.
2. Pilette Spaak interview.
3. Paul (Bazou) Spaak, e-mail interview, February 21, 2012.
4. Madeleine Legrand (Madeleine Grou-Radenez), À Fresnes (Paris: Éditions Stock, 1944), 11–12.
5. Janine Spaak, Charles Spaak, mon mari (Paris: Éditions France-Empire, 1977), 124.
6. Ibid., 129.
7. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 410.
8. Pannwitz, “CARETINA’s History of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle,” 38.
9. Henri Calet, Les Murs de Fresnes (Paris: Éditions Viviane Haley, 1993), 15.
10. Ibid., 115.
11. Thomas Childers, In the Shadows of War: An American Pilot’s Odyssey Through Occupied France and the Camps of Nazi Germany (New York: Henry Holt, 2002), 220.
12. Legrand, À Fresnes, 25–26.
13. Ibid., 32.
14. Calet, Les Murs de Fresnes, 119.
15. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 330.
16. Bourgeois, L’Orchestre rouge, 496.
17. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 423.
18. Bourgeois, L’Orchestra rouge, 496.
| CHAPTER 15 | the last train
1. Ariouet, “Les enfants cachés pendant le seconde guerre mondiale aux sources d’une histoire clandestine.”
2. “Interrogation of Honore,” SOE memorandum, November 20, 1943, National Archives, Kew, UK, HS9/94/7 C663083.
3. Camplan, quoted in Dassa, Vivre, aimer avec Auschwitz au cœur, 123.
4. M. R. D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940–1944 (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2004), 360. See also Pierre Tillet, “Tentative History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945,” www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/infiltrations_into_france.pdf.
5. Pannwitz, “CARETINA’s History of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle,” 39.
6. Pilette states that she never received such a doll from her mother. Pilette Spaak interview.
7. Ibid.
8. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 439.
9. Ibid., 432.
10. Ibid., 435.
11. Trepper wrote a highly dramatic account of the “great day” of the attack on the Rue de Courcelles in his memoirs. See Trepper, The Great Game, 325.
12. Klarsfeld, French Children of the Holocaust, 89–91.
13. Dassa, Vivre, aimer avec Auschwitz au cœur, 205–6.
14. Ibid., 208.
15. Paula Hyman, The Jews of Modern France (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 184.
16. See Katy Hazan, “Les réseaux de sauvetage d’enfants, la face clandestine de l’UGIF,” www.ose-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Sauvetage-UGIF.pdf.
17. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 433.
18. Ellie Pithers, “Who Was the Original Miss Dior?” Telegraph, November 12, 2013, http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG10443967/Who-was-the-original-Miss-Dior.html.
19. Klarsfeld, French Children of the Holocaust, 92. See also Josephs, Swastika over Paris, 129.
20. Marshall, The White Rabbit, 40, 48.
21. “Activité du Groupe Medical du Mouvement National Contre le Racisme.”
| CHAPTER 16 | liberation
1. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 436.
2. Pilette Spaak interview.
3. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 437.
4. Ibid.
5. Pilette Spaak interview.
6. Ibid.
7. Dumoulin, Spaak, 256–57.
8. Ibid., 258.
9. Lauren Faulkner Rossi, Wehrmacht Priests (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 140, 309n52. See also “Franzosen geholfen: Ein Buch über Pfarrer Theodor Loevenich,” Rhein-Erft Rundschau, March 17, 2013, http://www.rundschau-online.de/region/rhein-erft/franzosen-geholfen-ein-buch-ueber-pfarrer-theodor-loevenich-5282192.
10. René Closset, L’Aumonier de l’enfer: Franz Stock (Mulhouse, Fran
ce: Éditions Salvator, 1965), 158–59.
11. Jean-Pierre Guéno, Paroles des femmes: La liberté du regard (Paris: Radio France, 2007), 58–59.
12. Childers, In the Shadows of War, 227.
13. Pannwitz, “CARETINA’s History of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle,” 39.
14. Dassa, Vivre, aimer avec Auschwitz au cœur, 135.
15. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 438.
16. Trepper, Le Grand Jeu, 577. See also Trepper, The Great Game, 418.
17. Perrault, L’Orchestre rouge, 439.
18. Palliser interview.
19. Pannwitz, “CARETINA’s History of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle,” 18.
20. Ibid., 36.
21. José Ainouz, Attention aux enfants! Les Orphelins de la Shoah de Montmorency, www.orphelins-shoah-montmorency.com/Site_Attention_aux_enfants/Note_dintention.html. See also Mordecai Paldiel, The Path of the Righteous: Gentile Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust (Hoboken, NJ: KTAV Publishing House, 1993), 44.
22. Cabanel, Histoire des Justes de France, 24.
23. Ibid., 33.
| CHAPTER 17 | the aftermath
1. Claude Spaak, Théatre, volume 1 (Paris: Éditions la Tête de Feuilles, 1973). See also Robert Frickx and Raymond Trousson, Lettres Françaises de Belgique: Dictionnaire des Œuvres (Paris: Duculot, 1989), 214. The play also includes a young female character whose experience echoes the story of Ruth Peters’s teenage niece, Antonia Lyon-Smith. The conditions of her detention were particularly mild, thanks in large part to the German guard who fell in love with her.
2. Jacques Decker, “ ‘Les Survivants’ de Claude Spaak, au Théatre du Parc, une Insistante Sonate,” Le Soir, June 2, 1995, http://archives.lesoir.be/-les-survivants-de-claude-spaak-au-theatre-du-parc-une-_t-19950602-Z09LFN.html.
3. Mia Vandekerckhove, interview, Brussels, November 2014.
4. Trepper, Le Grand Jeu, 475.
5. Ibid., 548.
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