Cantonese people and language, 10–11, 15, 18, 29, 34, 52, 149 n4
Cape Horn, 78, 86–91, 165–66, 266 n91–92
catfish, 110–11
Caucasian League, 231
centennial celebration (1969), 6
Central Pacific line, 214
The Central Pacific Railroad (guidebook), 88–89
Central Pacific Railroad Company (CPRR)
calendar of progress by, 260 n67
Chinese hired by, 55, 62, 68, 72–73, 212–13, 215, 240–41
Chinese praised by, 85–86, 139, 141–42, 148–49, 154, 157, 161, 164, 203
completion of railway and, 1–6, 198–200, 203
contracting companies for (See labor contractors)
credit ticket system and, 53–54
deaths of workers and, 226–28
government selection and support of, 63–64, 66
Hart’s photography and, 92–97, 266–67 n92
inequalities between Chinese and whites, 73, 86, 140–47, 150, 152, 157, 275–76 n153
July 4th parade and, 121–22
line planned for, 64
payroll records of, 10, 68, 72, 82–84
racial composition of workers for, 195, 196
racism and, 67, 73, 104
route of, 11, 75, 77–80, 87, 160, 188–90, 192
strike and, 147–48, 151–58
Truckee as base of operations for, 168, 171
UP competition with, 1, 63, 74, 135–36, 156, 194, 197–98, 211
UP united with, 11, 144, 189, 192, 195, 196–97, 199–208
visiting dignitaries and, 100
women employed by, 176
workers needed by, 66–68, 73, 139–40, 148–51, 159, 273 n139
Central Valley of California, 10, 11, 73, 76, 80, 165, 212
Chan, Gene O., 240
Chan Shee, 241–42
Charleston, South Carolina, 213
Chen Ha, 179
Chen Yixi, 214–15
Chew, William F., 250 n6, 298 n244
Chin, Frank, 298 n244
China. See also Guangdong province of China; Pearl River delta; Siyi counties of China; specific place names
Burlingame Treaty and, 219
coolie trade and, 35
early railroad history in, 214–15
gambling in, 171
money sent back to, 183–84
railroads in, 58
remains returned to, 45, 47–48, 119–20, 220–21, 227–29, 233, 235–36, 243, 290 n220, 292–94 n228–230, 296 n235
shrimp and fish exported to, 110
ties maintained with, 244
vision of Transcontinental and, 55–56
women purchased in, 177
China (steamship), 176, 253 n33
“China Camp, at End of Track” (photograph), 192–93
“The Chinaman as a Railroad Builder,” 210–11
“a Chinaman’s chance,” 12–13
China Men (Kingston), 87, 138
“China section gang, Promontory” (photograph), 208
Chinatown, San Francisco
Colfax’s visit to, 109–10
illustrations of people in, 218
life after railroad in, 224, 241
Look’s observations of, 39
photographs of people in, 48–49, 50
prostitutes in, 43
“Chinese Actor, San Francisco” (photograph), 49
“Chinese Camp, Brown’s Station” (photograph), 193–94
“A Chinese Camp-Scene on the Line of the Central Pacific Railroad” (illustration), 105, 134
Chinese cosmology and zodiac, 152, 159
Chinese Educational Mission, 29
Chinese Exclusion Acts, 231–32, 255 n41
Chinese immigration, Senate investigations of, 141, 144–45, 180–81
“Chinese Laborers at Table” (news report), 5–6
Chinese medicine, 115–16, 170, 175
Chinese migrants, 25, 27–31, 38–43, 52–57, 215, 255 n41, 256 n45. See also Chinese workers; Huie Kin; Siyi counties of China
Chinese New Year, 24, 99, 148, 191, 214
Chinese population in America, 44–45, 255 n44
“Chinese Porters for Railroad” (illustration), 135
“The Chinese Question from a Chinese Standpoint” (Lai Yong), 52
“Chinese Tent Scene” (illustration), 105, 134
“Chinese Women, San Francisco” (photograph), 48–49
Chinese workers. See also Railroad Chinese
arrival of, 43–45
collective action by, 151, 159–60 (See also The Strike)
competition for, 149–51
credit ticket system and, 53–54
household servants, 67–68
miners, 43, 69, 80, 183, 232
mutual aid associations and, 46–48
observations made about, 281 n183
in Placer County, 69–70
speculations of indentured servitude/slavery, 45–47
in Truckee, 168–72
Chin Lin Sou, 284 n199
Chinn, Thomas, 298 n244
Chin Shee, 243
Choy, Philip, 298 n244
Christian community, Chinese, 21, 46–47, 254 n37
Cincinnati Commercial, 216, 227
Cisco, California, 122–23, 149, 151, 225
citizenship, U.S., 39, 218–20
Civil Rights Act (1866), 39
Civil War, 3, 63–64, 66–67, 78–79, 122, 209, 213
Civil War veterans, 3, 64
Clay, “Pappy,” 113
Clement, Lewis M., 67, 77–78, 107, 143, 163, 222–23, 227
Cleveland, Daniel, 52–54, 71–72, 104–5, 205, 258 n52, 294 n230
Clipper Gap, 81, 112, 165
“Coldstream, Eastern Slope of Western Summit” (photograph), 130–31
Colfax, California, 64, 78, 80, 86, 112, 165, 225, 266 n92
Colfax, Schuyler, 100, 109–10, 171, 203, 278 n170
Colfax Ah, 171
Coloma, California, 69
Colorado, 209, 231
“The Coming Man” (Knox), 218, 231
Comstock Lode, 178, 234
Comstock silver strike (1859), 168
Conboie, Joseph Anthony, 292–93 n228
“Constructing Snow Cover” (photograph), 128–29
Cook, Leung, 47–48
coolie trade, 34–36, 45
Cornish miners, competition with Chinese workers, 141–42, 148–49
Cowherd and the Weaver Girl (legend), 99–100
CPRR. See Central Pacific Railroad Company (CPRR)
Crandall, John, 293–94 n229
Crédit Mobilier scandal, 64
credit ticket system, 31, 53–54
Crested Peak, 266 n92
Crocker, Charles
Chinese praised by, 141–42, 144, 203, 218
competition with UP workers and, 198
death of, 238
on Hart’s photos, 93
hiring of Chinese workers and, 4, 67–68, 72
home in Sacramento, 140
at July 4th celebration, 122
in Nevada, 190, 191–92, 195, 196
Senate testimony, 144, 145
Sisson, Wallace Company and, 114
strike and, 148, 153–57
Crocker, Clark W., 114, 270 n114
Crocker, Edwin B.
Chinese praised by, 85, 161, 203
completion of railway and, 203
death of, 238
deaths of workers and, 227
hiring of Chinese workers and, 68
on need for workers, 138–39, 148–51, 159, 273 n139
strike and, 153–54, 155–56, 157–58
on weather conditions at summit, 127
Crocker Construction, 114
Cuba, 34, 35, 36, 45, 57, 254 n37
Cum Sing, 84
Curry, Stephen Allen, 77–80, 87, 91, 97
D
Daily Alta California, 44, 150, 158, 165, 190–91, 211, 225–26, 228
danger and
hardship faced by Chinese workers. See also anti-Chinese sentiment and violence; explosions; snowslides
baskets story, 87–92, 266 n92
deaths, 12, 76, 88, 107, 119–20, 220–30, 234–36, 243, 292–94 n228–30
observed by visitors, 160–61, 163–64
severe weather, 76, 101–2
snowslides and avalanches, 12, 107, 161, 162–64, 222–26
tools and explosives, 101, 124, 136
tunneling at the summit, 124, 127
unanticipated, 73–74
wage inequalities and, 142–43
Davis, Alfred E., 164
de Beauvoir, Ludovic, 154–55
Denver, Colorado, 231
Department of Labor, U.S., 245
diaolou, 15, 16, 251 n15
discrimination. See racism and discrimination
Donner Lake, 11, 79, 92–93, 136, 141, 160–61, 167–68, 224
“Donner Lake, Tunnels No. 7 and 8 from Summit Tunnel” (photograph), 131–132
Donner Pass, 104, 126, 166–67, 168
Donner Summit, 64, 75, 96, 125
Dragon Boat Festival, 24, 275 n152
duanwujie, 275 n152
Durant, Thomas, 144, 198, 205, 206
Dutch Flat, California, 69, 79, 112, 121, 122, 166
Dutch Flat–Donner Lake Wagon Road, 72
Dutch Flat Enquirer, 225
E
“East and West Shaking Hands” (photograph), 1–2, 5, 206–8
Egbert (labor contracting company), 173
Elko, Nevada, 192, 227
Emigrant Gap, 225
“End of Track on Humboldt Plains” (photograph), 194
Enping County, China, 16
enslavement of women, 177–80. See also prostitution
European immigrants, 3, 64, 143, 162, 169. See also Irish immigrants
Evans, Albert S., 39–43, 52, 53, 257 n52
Evans Gang, 232
explosions, accidental, 136, 140, 151–52, 223, 225–26, 234
F
Fair, James G., 234
fantan (game), 172
feng shui, 22–23
“Filling in Secret Town Trestle” (photograph), 80–81
First Opium War, 19
fishing villages, 110
folk songs, Chinese, 15, 38, 184–87
Fong Ah-Sin, 257 n50
Fong Lee, 170
Fong Noy, 257 n50
food and dietary preferences of Railroad Chinese, 108–13, 175
foot binding, 22, 24, 49, 182
Foshan, China, 34
Fourteenth Amendment, 39
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 133–34, 218
Free Soilers, 45, 59
G
Gaelic (ship), 29–30
gambling, 171–72, 183
Geary Act, 232
gendered discourse about Chinese, 217–18
Genthe, Arnold, 262 n80
George’s Gap, 81
“Get Out, Yellow-skins, Get Out!” (song), 60
Ghost of Hornitos, 222
Gibson, Otis, 44, 46–47, 52, 176–77
Gilliss, John R., 106, 123, 143–44, 163–64, 223
Ging Cui, 4–5, 237–38
gold coins, 147, 184, 243
Golden Spike, 3, 201–2, 203, 204
Gold Mountain, 11, 15, 25–27, 29, 37, 73, 252 n25. See also California
Gold Mountain coffins, 296 n235
Gold Rush, 25, 43, 59, 168
Grass Valley, California, 112, 118, 168, 177, 222
Great Bore, 158, 166. See also Summit Tunnel
“The Great Chinese Wall,” 96
Great Republic (steamship), 39–40, 52
Great Salt Lake, 64, 122, 189, 199, 200
Guangdong province of China, 15–25, 35, 46. See also Pearl River delta; Siyi counties of China
Guan Gong, 117
Guangzhou (Canton), China, 10, 16, 18, 21–22, 25, 31, 34, 36
Guan Yin, 117
gui jie (Hungry Ghost Festival), 117–20
H
Hakka (kejia) people, 24, 49, 182
Hall, George W., 70
Hang Heong Restaurant, 110
Han people and dynasty, 22, 117, 182
Harper’s Weekly, 197
Harris, Robert L., 160–61
Hart, Alfred, 92–97, 128–33, 192–94, 206, 266–67 n92, 267 n97
Harvest Moon Festival, 24, 99
“Heading of East Portal. Tunnel No. 8” (photograph), 129–30
Hells Canyon, Oregon, 232
He Low Tow, 170
Hel Shee, 240–41
High Sierra. See also Sierra Nevada mountains
CPRR and, 55, 67, 74, 100–101, 189–90
Hart’s photographs of, 93
observers of work in, 160
scenery in, 75–76, 160, 161, 165–67
sky in, 98–100
snowslides in, 12, 107, 162–64, 223
Truckee and, 168–69
homosexuality, 180–81
Hong Kong, 16, 20, 27–32, 44, 114, 253 n33
Hopkins, Mark
completion of railway and, 203
hiring of Chinese workers and, 4
home in Sacramento, 140
Huntington’s correspondence with, 164
Stanford’s correspondence with, 150
strike and, 151, 153, 154, 156
Horse Cock Cañon, 79
“Horse Ravine Wall, and Grizzly Hill Tunnel” (photograph), 95–96
Hoy, William, 298 n244
Huang Annian, 250 n6
Huang Zunxian, 209
Huie Kin
anti-Chinese violence and, 232
early life and family in Siyi, 21–25
emigration to U.S., 21, 27, 30–35, 37–38, 48, 251 n21
life in U.S., 52, 53, 54, 254 n37
Reminiscences, 21, 75, 188
huiguan (mutual aid associations), 46–48
Humboldt Bay, 110
Humboldt River and valley, 188, 190, 195, 226
Hung Lai Woh, 241
Hungry Ghost Festival, 117–20
Hung Wah
completion of the railway and, 1, 2, 4–6, 200, 202–3, 249 n1
early life and arrival in the U.S., 68–69, 261 n68
as goods merchandiser, 113–14
Hungry Ghost Festival and, 118
hypothetical trip to Truckee, 174–75
as labor contractor, 68, 69, 71–72
later life and death of, 238–40, 261 n68
literacy of, 8
marriage and, 182
in payroll records, 83, 84
reputation of, 71–72, 84–85
reversal of fortune for, 172–74
strike and, 153
Strobridge’s meeting of, 68, 72
Huntington, Collis
completion of railway and, 203
E. B. Crocker’s correspondence with, 93, 127, 138–39, 148–51, 153–54, 157–59, 161, 164, 227, 273 n139
hiring of Chinese workers and, 4
home in New York City, 140
Hopkins’s correspondence with, 164
Hwang, David Henry, 298 n244
I
Idaho, 235
Illinoistown, California, 78
illustrations of Railroad Chinese, 105, 133–35, 155, 167, 197, 218, 272 n134
indentured servitude, 31, 34–35, 45, 86, 177, 179, 255–56 n45
Independent, 227
India, 35, 169
Irish immigrants
Chinese compared to, 197–98, 216–17
hired by CPRR, 100, 143, 154, 196, 199
hired by UP, 3, 64, 195, 196–98, 283–84 n197
in New York City, 215
at Promontory, 207
Islandar, Ruy, 298 n244
J
Jamison, Mae, 298 n244
Jang, Jon, 298 n244
Jersey City, New Jersey, 215
Jiangmen Wuyi Museum of Overseas Chinese, 256 n45
jianyun, 229
Jim (e
xplosion victim), 234–35
“John Chinaman” (song), 60
Johnson, Andrew, 86
Jow Kee, 240
July 4th celebration (1866), 121–22
K
Ka Chau, 50
Kaiping County, China, 16
King, Jim, 240–41
Kingston, Maxine Hong, 87, 138, 244, 298 n244
Ki Sung, 69
Kite To, 170
Knox, Thomas W., 218
Koopmanschap, Cornelius, 173, 213
Ku Klux Klan, 222
L
labor contractors, 83–85, 113–15, 159, 170, 173, 240. See also Hung Wah
“Laborers and Rocks” (photograph), 128
Lai, Him Mark, 298 n244
Lai Yong, 50–52, 257 n50
Lake Tahoe, 11, 76, 167, 168, 222
Lam Tai-san, 57
Lau, Alan, 121, 298 n244
laughing Buddha (budai), 49
Law Yow, 28–29
“Laying the Last Rail” (photograph), 201, 202
Ghosts of Gold Mountain Page 36
