by Tim Townsend
Rising, David. “On Trail of Most Wanted Nazi.” Associated Press. 30 April 2008.
Roschke, E. L. Letter to Henry F. Gerecke. 27 December 1946. Private collection of Henry H. Gerecke.
Rosen, David. “The Concept of Forgiveness in Judaism.” January 2003.
Rosenberg, Joel W. “Genesis: Introduction.” In The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version. Ed. Wayne A. Meeks. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.
Rothe, O. Letter to Army and Navy Commission. 27 May 1943. Henry F. Gerecke Collection. Concordia Historical Institute. St. Louis, Missouri.
Schmidt, Dana Adams. “11 Nazis Cremated, Ashes ‘Dispersed.’ ” New York Times. 18 October 1946.
“Short History of the St. Louis Lutheran City Mission (40th Anniversary).” n.d. Henry F. Gerecke Collection. Concordia Historical Institute. St. Louis, Missouri.
Simon, Edward A. “The Influence of the American Protestant Churches on the Development of the Structure and Duties of the Army Chaplaincy, 1914–1962.” Ph.D. diss. Princeton Theological Seminary, 1963.
Snyder, Timothy. “Hitler vs. Stalin: Who Killed More?” New York Review of Books. 10 March 2011.
“Song Sheet.” “25th anniversary of P. Gerecke’s Installation as pastor.” 4 February 1951. Collection of Irene Kornmeier.
St. Bonaventure’s College and Seminary Annual Catalogue, 1925–1926. Allegany, New York.
Stokes, Richard L. “Goering Had Poison Vial from Day of His Arrest.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 27 October 1946.
. “Inquiry Begun on How Goering Got the Poison.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 16 October 1946.
. “St. Louis Chaplain Tells of Rushing to Goering’s Cell as He Killed Self.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 17 October 1946.
Suchara, T. W. Orders, Chaplain (Captain) Henry F. Gerecke. Memo. 31 October 1946. Chaplains Reports and “201” Files. Entry 484. Records of the Office of the Chief of Chaplains (RG247). National Archives II, College Park, Maryland.
Sullivan, James P. “Efficiency Report for Henry F. Gerecke, 1 March 1945.” Chaplains Reports and “201” Files. Entry 484. Records of the Office of the Chief of Chaplains (RG247). National Archives II, College Park, Maryland.
. “Historical Report, 4 April to 15 July 1944.” Written 7 July 1944. WWII Operations Reports, 1941–48. Medical. MDGH 97.0.3 to MDGH 98.1.13. Entry 427. Box 17283 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917–(RG407). National Archives II. College Park, Maryland.
. “Historical Report, 16 July to 30 September 1944.” Written 13 October 1944. WWII Operations Reports, 1941–48. Medical. MDGH 97.0.3 to MDGH 98.1.13. Entry 427. Box 17283 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917–(RG407). National Archives II. College Park, Maryland.
. “Historical Report, 1 January to 8 May, 1945.” Written 21 May 1945. WWII Operations Reports, 1941–48. Medical. MDGH 97.0.3 to MDGH 98.1.13. Entry 427. Box 17283 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917–(RG407). National Archives II. College Park, Maryland.
. “Historical Report, 9 May to 23 May 1945.” Written 2 June 1945. WWII Operations Reports, 1941–48. Medical. MDGH 97.0.3 to MDGH 98.1.13. Entry 427. Box 17283 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917–(RG407). National Archives II. College Park, Maryland.
. “Period Report, Medical Department Activities, 1 Jan.–31 Dec. 1945.” Memo. WWII Operations Reports, 1941–48. Medical. MDGH 97.0.3 to MDGH 98.1.13. Entry 427. Box 17283 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917–(RG407). National Archives II. College Park, Maryland.
. “Period Report, Medical Department Activities, 1 Jan.–31 Dec. 1945, Munich addendum.” Memo. WWII Operations Reports, 1941–48. Medical. MDGH 97.0.3 to MDGH 98.1.13. Entry 427. Box 17283 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917–(RG407). National Archives II. College Park, Maryland.
Sunday, Papers of William and Helen, 1882 -[1888–1957] 1975. A Guide to the Microfilm Edition. Ed. Robert Shuster. Billy Graham Center, Wheaton College. Wheaton, Illinois.
Taylor, Telford. “We Are All Worried.” Memo. 6 September 1945. TTP-CLS: Series 4; Subseries 1–2. Box LC4, Folder 5: “Memoranda July–October ’45.” Telford Taylor Papers, Arthur W. Diamond Law Library, Columbia University Law School, New York, New York.
Technical Manual, TM 16–205: The Chaplain. U.S. Army. July, 1944. Cited in “The Military Chaplaincy of the U.S. Army, Focusing on World War II Chaplains in Combat” by Patrick G. Skelly. Ph.D. diss. Norwich University, 2007.
This Is the Life. Short film. Lutheran Hour Ministries, 1952.
Trial of Major War Criminals (TMWC): Yale Law School Avalon Project: avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/imt.asp.
Twelfth Army Group Headquarters. Memo. 13 February 1945. General Administrative Records, 1942–1957. Judge Advocate Division, War Crimes Branch. File: “Organization 1945.” HM1989. Box 1, “Organization 1943 thru Organization 1947.” Records of United States Army Europe (USAEUR). Record Group 549. National Archives II, College Park, Maryland.
U.S. Army Regulation 190–8: Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees. Washington, DC: Headquarters Departments of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Marine Corps, 1997.
Visser, Jacob Carl. “Evangelism in the Military Chaplaincy.” Ph.D. diss. Nazarene Theological Seminary, Kansas City, Missouri. 1964.
Voigtländer, Nico, and Hans-Joachim Voth. “Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany.” Working paper. University of California Los Angeles. April 2011.
Wade, H. H. Staffs of the German Concentration Camps: Mauthausen. Record of the Office of the United States Commissioner, U.N. War Crimes Commission. NM–66. Entry 52K. File 153: United Nations War Crimes Commission, Research Officer. Wade file. General Correspondence (Red Files). National Archives Collection of World War II War Crimes Records (RG238). National Archives II, College Park, Maryland.
Waite, Robert G. “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III).” The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. I: Early Camps, Youth Camps and Concentration Camps and Subcamps Under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). Vol. ed. Geoffrey P. Megargee. Part B. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.
. “Mauthausen Main Camp.” The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Volume I: Early Camps, Youth Camps and Concentration Camps and Subcamps Under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). Vol. ed. Geoffrey P. Megargee. Part B. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.
Wilberding, Carl L. Letter to Henry F. Gerecke. 23 June 1943. Chaplains Reports and “201” Files. Entry 484. File: Gerecke, Henry F. Records of the Office of the Chief of Chaplains (RG247). National Archives II, College Park, Maryland.
Wittmer, George W. Letter to Army and Navy Commission. 2 June 1943. Henry F. Gerecke Collection. Concordia Historical Institute. St. Louis, Missouri.
Zittlow, Todd. Concordia Historical Institute, St. Louis, Missouri. 2009.
Zwingli, Ulrich. “An Exposition of the Faith,” 1531.
INTERVIEWS
Unless noted otherwise, all interviews were conducted by the author in person.
Black, Peter. Washington, D.C. 8 March 2008
Brinfield, John. Fort Jackson, South Carolina. 18 August 2010
Cash, June. Chester, Illinois. 12 July 2011
Collins, David J. Personal telephone interview. 7 December 2011
Dietzfelbinger, Eckart. Nuremberg, Germany. 31 August 2010
Frank, Niklas. Itzehoe, Germany. 5 May 2011
Fuchs, Moritz. Fulton, New York. 19 July 2011
Geist, Tom. East Meadow, New York. 10 March 2008
Gentsch, Don. Chester, Illinois. 12 July 2011
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 4 January 2008
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 2 February 2008
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 20 August 2008
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 21 Octo
ber 2009
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 26 June 2010
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 30 October 2010
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 23 March 2011
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 30 June 2011
Gerecke, Hank. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 13 July 2011
Harris, Whitney. St. Louis, Missouri. 26 April 2008
Jordan, Brian (Rev.) New York, New York. 21 June 2013
Kaul, Hans-Peter. The Hague, Holland. 20 August 2010
Kornmeier, Irene. Arnold, Missouri. 22 March 2011
Legow, Jerry. St. Louis, Missouri. 24 March 2011
Nischwitz, Ruth and Harvey. Gordonville, Missouri. 23 March 2011
O’Connor, John. Oxford, New York. 19 July 2011
Powley, Colette and Paul. Chester, Illinois. 12 July 2011
Schirach, Klaus von. Munich, Germany. 6 May 2011
Schneider, Georg. Nuremberg, Germany. 30 August 2010
Scholl, Travis. St. Louis, Missouri. 2010
Volf, Miroslav. Osijek, Croatia. 25 August 2010
Volf, Miroslav. Novi Sad, Serbia. 26 August 2010
Willig, Mark. (Rev.) Personal e-mail interview, 29 September 2011
Zentgraf, Henrike. Nuremberg, Germany. 30 August 2010
All Bible verses quoted in this book are from the New Revised Standard Version, the Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh Translation, or the American King James Version—the Bible Henry Gerecke read and used in his ministry.
Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Abel and Cain, 247–51
age limits, for chaplains, 58, 60
agriculture, in Missouri, 22–23
Airborne League, 77
Aktion T4, 121
Aleutian Islands, 5, 31, 44
Allied Control Council (ACC), 246, 268, 287–88
American Civil War, 21, 23, 54–56
American Forces Network (AFN), 91–92
American Revolution, 52–54
Amun-Ra, 52
Andrus, Burton
appearance of, 97–98
background of, 2, 97
at Fort Oglethorpe, 97–98
Gerecke’s promotion to major, 290, 306
at Mondorf camp, 98–103, 151–52
at Nuremberg prison, 103–5, 118–23
arrival, 103–4, 118–19
cremation of bodies, 287–88
daily prisoners’ health check, 123
executions, 258, 269–72, 274, 275
family visits, 184, 190, 233–34, 235, 239, 254
Gerecke’s arrival, 137
Goering’s suicide and, 3, 268, 269
Keitel and, 1–4, 9–10
recruitment of chaplains, 96–97, 103–4
request for Gerecke’s return, 290–91
request for Gerecke transfer, 96–97, 103–5, 117
Speer and, 253
suicides, 1–2, 3, 120–21, 122
Sunday services, 187
trial verdicts, 240–43
anti-Semitism
of Frank, 192
of Fritzsche, 178–79
in Nuremberg, 109–13
“On the Jews and Their Lies” (Luther), 109–10
Rintfleisch pogroms, 109, 110
scapegoating of the Jews, 109–12
of Schirach, 181
of Streicher, 101, 105, 157
Ardennes Offensive (Battle of the Bulge), 202, 209, 256
Ark of the Covenant, 52
Armenian Genocide, 218
Army and Navy Commission, 45–46, 58
army chaplains. See chaplains
Army Medical Corps, 64
Army Mortuary No. 1, U.S., 289
Army of Greater Virginia, 56
Army Regulation 350-1500, 61
Army Signal Corps, 276
Arnold, William R., 6, 49–50
Ashcan Camp (Mondorf-les-Bains), 98–103, 151–52
atheists, and Gerecke with the Ninety-Eighth, 76
atonement in Christianity, 260–61, 262
Augsburg Confession, 21–22, 24, 264
Augustine of Hippo, 220
Auschwitz concentration camp, 211–18
Austria, in World War II, 193–96
Austrian SS, 193–94
Babi Yar, 157
Babylonians, 106, 111
Badewitz, Albert, 215–16
Bad Tölz camp, 184–85
Barth, Karl, 62
baseball, World Series (1946), 4, 259, 266
baseball team, of the Ninety-Eighth, 80, 84
basketball team, of the Ninety-Eighth, 76–77, 80
Battle of Chancellorsville, 55–56
Battle of Concord, 52
Battle of El Alamein, 200–201
Battle of Lexington, 52
Battle of the Bulge, 202, 209, 256
Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, 141–42, 145, 256
beer rations, 116
Bender, Alma Isselhardt, 13–14, 16, 17, 19–20
Bender, Jacob, 13–14, 16
Bender, Virginia, 13, 17
Benedict XV, Pope, 57
Berchtesgaden, 149
Berlin bunker (Führerbunker), 133, 147–48
Berlin University, 175
Bernays, Murray, 126, 127–29, 132
Bethesda Hospital and Home for Incurables (St. Louis), 38
Bewley, Charles, 144
Bismarck, Otto von, 106
Black Death, 110
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 280
Book of Concord, 27
Bormann, Martin, 148, 222, 242
Boston Red Sox, 4, 259, 266
Bradley, Omar, 86, 136
“brand of Cain,” 247–49
bread and wine, in Christianity, 262–63
Briand, Aristide, 126
British Civilian Defense Organization, 74
British Women’s Volunteer Services, 83
Brooklyn Dodgers, 259
Brunswick, Germany, 10
Cain and Abel, 247–51
Calvin, John, 22
Camp Ashcan (Mondorf-les-Bains), 98–103, 151–52
Camp Barkeley, Texas, 200–201
Camp Ibis, California, 201
Camp Mauthausen. See Mauthausen concentration camp
Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts, 7
Camp Pall Mall, France, 86
Camp Pickett, Virginia, 66
Camp Polk, Louisiana, 201
cannibalism, at Mauthausen, 205
capella, 51
capellani, 51
Carinhall, 145–46, 147
Cash, Eric, 301–2, 306–7
Catholic chaplains, 49, 54, 56–57, 59, 70. See also O’Connor, Sixtus “Richard”
Catholic Church, 27, 56–57
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Milan), 138
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 181
chapelains, 51
Chaplain Corps, 5–7, 45–50, 55–58
“chaplain,” origin of term, 51
chaplains, 50–61. See also specific chaplains
after American Civil War, 56
in American Civil War, 54–56
in American Revolution, 52–54
Catholic, 49, 54, 56–57, 59, 70
in Colonial America, 52
by denominational quota, 58
duties, 57, 59
first black army, 54
first female, 54–55
first Jewish, 54
history of, 52–61
Martin of Tours and origin of, 50–52
National Defense Act and, 56
providing religious support to enemies, 136–37
relationship between the divine and war and, 52, 60
requirements for, 58, 60
role in battles, 203
training, 60–61
in World War I, 56–57
; in World War II, 5–6, 57–60
Chaplain School, 60–61
at Harvard University, 6–7, 48–50, 61, 65
Charlemagne, 106
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 110–11
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 21–22
Cherry Hill Prison (Philadelphia), 120
Chicago Daily News, 303
Chicago White Stockings, 24
chlamys, 51–52
Christ Lutheran Church (St. Louis), 17–20, 41, 42–43
Christmas, 67, 82–83, 183–88
Chrysler Imperial, 73
Chrysostomos, 30
Churchill, Winston, 123–24, 126–27, 178
Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem), 184
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 81
Civil War, American, 21, 23, 54–56
Clayton, Phillip C., 257–58
Clement VII, Pope, 21
Colored Troops, United States, 54
concentration camps. See also Mauthausen concentration camp
Auschwitz, 211–18
Buchenwald, 101, 196, 204, 284
Dachau, 8, 94–95, 157, 195
Flossenburg, 204
Heydrich’s design of system, 196
Janowska, 281
Concordia Seminary (St. Louis), 14, 15, 16, 31, 292
condoms, 75
Confederate States Army, 55–56
confessions, 27
Conot, Robert, 288
Constantine, 50–51
Conti, Leonardo, 121
Continental Army, 53–54
Continental Congress, 52–53
corn farming, in Missouri, 22–23
Corrie ten Boom, 293
Courage for Today (radio show), 299
cremation of bodies, 287–89
Cressman, Samuel K., 84
Croner, Norwood, 266
Cross and the Swastika, The (Grossmith), 176
Crowley, Paul, 220
cyanide, 215
Goering’s suicide by, 3, 4, 151, 266, 267, 268
Czartoryski Museum (Krakow), 191
Dachau concentration camp, 8, 94–95, 157, 195
Dachau Trials, 255–56
dancing, 18, 65, 78
Daniel, Book of, 106
Daniel, E. Clifton, Jr., 130–31
Davidson, Eugene, 155, 172, 194
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), 93
Dean, Gordon, 131–32
Dean, Patrick, 231
Death’s Head Battalion, 196
Declaration of Saint James Place, 124
de Gaulle, Charles, 85
Der Stürmer, 101, 105, 157
Deuteronomy, 47, 48
