by Ken Abraham
As though unwrapping a priceless gift, Eddie slowly removed the nylon net from the plastic package. They had never owned a net for their basketball hoop, so it was a precious commodity. He and Bo had been saving their lunch money for several months so they could purchase the new net. The old rope nets never lasted long in the outdoor elements, and this new nylon net was supposed to last until the boys graduated from high school. Eddie passed the net up the ladder to Bo, who carefully attached each loop under the corresponding metal hook.
“How’s that, little brother?” he called down to Eddie.
Eddie looked up. He’d never seen anything so beautiful as that white net hanging from the rim. “It’s perfect, Bo. Come on down. Let’s give this baby a try!”
Bo replaced the ladder in the garage as Eddie bounced the ball on the grass in front of the backboard. The grass deadened the bounce, but Eddie didn’t mind. He knew it wouldn’t take long before they’d wear the grass down to the dirt and be playing on hardpacked Tennessee clay. He dropped back fifteen feet or so and lofted a shot into the air.
Swish! Eddie fell in love with the sound of the ball slashing through the nylon net. It was the first of thousands of shots Eddie would fire through the net over the next few years.
“Feed me,” Bo called as he ran out of the garage toward the goal. Eddie retrieved his rebound and tossed the ball rim high. Bo leaped into the air and tipped it into the basket. Bo was an incredible athlete. A great baseball player and a budding star in football, basketball, track—any sport he put his mind to, and Eddie idolized him. He hoped that someday he’d be half the athlete his big brother was.
Eddie was already well on his way to surpassing Bo. Eddie could run faster, and his natural physical abilities went far beyond Bo’s, but Bo was the big brother—the standard against which Eddie measured himself.
Bo grabbed the ball before it hit the ground and fired it back to Eddie. The younger Sherlin dropped back another five feet and effortlessly lobbed a set shot from twenty feet out. Swish!
“Good shot, Eddie. You keep working at this thing, and you just might make a good ballplayer one of these days.” Bo smiled as Eddie fired the ball back at his brother.
“Come on, superstar. Let’s see you hit a twenty-footer,” Eddie challenged.
Bo slid smoothly to the exact spot where Eddie had shot from, bounced the ball once, and put it in the air, banking it high off the backboard and into the net.
“Do you mean like that?” he asked good-naturedly.
“Yeah, somethin’ like that. Too bad you needed some help from the backboard, but I’ll give it to you.”
The brothers laughed and kept pouring in shots from all over their makeshift court. Not yet in his teens, Eddie Sherlin was already one of the best basketball players in Gallatin, Tennessee.
2
ON THE “COLORED” SIDE OF TOWN, just a few hundred yards away from the Sherlin home, eleven-year-old Bill Ligon and his brother, Tyree, three years younger, climbed through some bushes leading to the railroad tracks. Along with two other black boys, Leslie Gurley and Walter Lee, the Ligon brothers snuck across the tracks and into the “white” side of Gallatin.
Bill reached down and felt the tracks. They were still warm from the last passing train. “Come on, let’s hurry before another train comes.” He waved his arm, urging the boys to follow him.
“Grandpa Ackerson is never home during the afternoons,” Bill said, stepping across the first rail and walking on a railroad tie toward the parallel rail. “And he has a great rope swing that stretches all the way over the pond in his backyard. You guys are gonna love it!”
“How did you find out about the swing, Bill?” Walter asked, pushing some of the thick bushes aside so he could slip through without getting scratched.
“I’ve seen it!” Bill answered. “My mom worked over here one day last summer, and I helped her carry in some food trays. I think the old man put in the swing so his grandchildren can use it when they come to visit. I’ve seen them swimming in the pond behind the house. They hold on to the rope and swing all the way out over the pond and then drop right into the water. It’s the best ride in town!”
“But Old Man Ackerson is white.” Leslie stopped at the first rail, clearly reluctant to cross the tracks. “We can’t swim in his pond. If he catches us, he might just shoot us or string us up on that rope!”
“Oh, don’t be silly, Leslie.” Bill tried to reassure his friend, even though he knew Leslie was right. “There hasn’t been a lynching in Gallatin for at least”—he paused and raised his eyes skyward, as though trying to remember—“oh, I’d say at least a couple of years.”
“A couple of years!” the other boys shrieked, their eyes wide as they stopped in their tracks.
Bill smiled broadly. He loved to tease, and the boys were so gullible. “I’m just kiddin’ ya. They haven’t lynched a colored around here for a long time.”
Leslie eyed his friend, seemingly unconvinced. “If white folks don’t allow us in their park, and they don’t let us in the town swimming pool, Old Man Ackerson sure ain’t gonna be happy if he comes home and finds four coloreds in his pond.”
“Yeah, Bill,” Tyree said. “What if he shows up? What’ll we do then?”
“Then we hightail it outta there. That’s what we’ll do.”
“Quit being a bunch of sissies,” Walter said to Tyree and Leslie. “I can’t wait to ride that swinging rope. Come on, Bill. Even if these guys don’t want to go, I sure do.”
Tyree stroked his chin. “I don’t know. Mom’s not gonna like it.”
Bill crossed his arms. “Who’s gonna tell her?” He paused a few seconds. “Not me.”
“Me either!” Walter added.
The boys turned and looked at Leslie.
“Hey, I ain’t no tattletale.” Leslie shoved his fists into his pockets. “Don’t be lookin’ at me like that.” He straightened. With a burst of apparent courage, he shouted, “Let’s go ride that swing!”
“Oookay,” Tyree said, as he fell in step with the other boys. “But somethin’ tells me this ain’t gonna turn out good.”
The boys crossed the tracks and hurried to the edge of town, trying to be as inconspicuous as four colored boys could be while traipsing through a white section of Gallatin. Luckily, they reached the Ackerson property without incident. A stone slave wall, a three-foot-high gray stone fence built by Negro slaves more than a hundred years earlier, surrounded the large field behind the house. Between the wall and the house was a beautiful tree-lined pond. And hanging from one of the largest trees—the infamous rope swing.
The boys slipped up to the wall and crouched behind it. “Okay, I’ll go first,” Bill whispered. “Then you guys come behind me. Tyree, you keep watch, and if you see anyone coming, whistle fast so we can hit the dirt.”
“Okay, Bill, but—”
“No buts about it. Just keep your eyes open. Once Walter and Leslie are over the wall, you come on in too.” Bill didn’t wait for any more protests from his brother. He put his right foot on one of the stones and hopped on top of the wall. For a moment he stood there, his arms stretched out like Superman ready to fly. “Here goes nuthin’ now.” He looked over his shoulder at the other boys as he jumped off the wall and into Old Man Ackerson’s field. Walter and Leslie quickly followed. Bill watched as Tyree took one last nervous look around and then joined the other boys.
For a few seconds, they knelt on the ground next to the wall, just to be certain that the old man wasn’t home.
“Okay, all clear,” Bill said. “Let’s go!”
The boys raced across the field to the pond. Bill was the first to grab the rope and swing out over the pond and back. The large tree limb barely budged at Bill’s slim body weight. One by one, the boys all gave the rope a try, out and back, out and back.
“Hey, did any of you guys wear a swimming suit?” Bill asked.
“Naw, no way I could put on a bathing suit at home,” Walter said. “Not without my mom kn
owin’ that somethin’ was up.”
“Not me,” Leslie said.
“Yeah, me neither,” Bill concurred. “But that water looks mighty inviting, you follow me?”
Walter smiled broadly and nodded. “I sure do!” Without another word, both he and Bill began unbuckling their belts. They peeled off their pants and shirts and stripped down to their underwear.
“Now we’re really gonna have some fun!” Bill called.
“Are you guys crazy?” Leslie yelled.
Too late. Bill was already swinging on the rope like Tarzan, taking a long ride forward, then back, and then swinging high over the pond again. When he was about six feet above the pond, Bill let go of the rope and plunged into the water. For a second or two, he remained under the dark water. Then his head popped out with a big splash. “Whooweee! That is fantastic!”
“I’m next,” Walter yelled. He scrambled up and grabbed the rope, swinging even higher than Bill had. Walter, with a loud “whoop!” let go of the rope and dropped into the water beside Bill. Leslie and Tyree didn’t waste any time. They were out of their clothes in a flash, vying to see who could get to the rope first.
For the next half hour, the boys laughed and squealed as they took turns swinging out over the pond before plunging into the cool water. Tyree even tried some acrobatic moves on a couple of his jumps. They were having so much fun they never gave Old Man Ackerson a thought. They didn’t notice the old Chevy pickup pull in beside the house. Nor did they see the old man dressed in coveralls and a farm hat ease out of the truck and grab a broom. In fact, they didn’t pay a lick of attention until they heard the barking of two large German shepherds as they shot out of the truck bed, bound for the boys in the pond.
The dogs raced down the field with Old Man Ackerson hobbling behind them as fast as he could, looking like Mr. McGregor in The Tale of Peter Rabbit, and wielding the broom high in the air as he ran. “Hey, you . . . ! Get out of my pond right this minute!”
The dogs reached the pond first, growling and barking at the boys from the water’s edge.
“Uh-oh!” Walter said.
“We’re in trouble now!” Leslie called to his cohorts.
“I told you this was a bad idea,” Tyree whined.
Bill quickly assessed the situation. “Run for the wall!” He swam in the opposite direction of the dogs and attempted to scramble up the back edge of the pond, but his foot slipped, and he slid back into the water. Meanwhile, the other boys swam in three directions, hoping the dogs couldn’t cover the ground between them. But they too discovered that the sides of the pond were much more slippery than the front. And the dogs were quicker than they figured. The old man threatening them with the broom was getting closer by the second.
One by one, the boys pulled themselves out of the water, but then they realized they had another problem. “We gotta get our clothes!” Bill shouted from the back side of the pond.
Leslie ran to the right, with a German shepherd nipping at him. Walter scrambled in the opposite direction with the other dog barking and chasing after him. Tyree started to grab their clothes, but then Old Man Ackerson reached the pond and began swatting Tyree with the broom. Still in their wet underwear, the boys ran first in one direction, then another, with the dogs right behind them and the old man swatting at each boy as he passed by.
Round and round the pond they went, looking like a three-ring circus, with the boys screaming for dear life, Old Man Ackerson hollering obscenities, and the dogs barking incessantly. At last, Bill eluded the dogs long enough to swoop in close, under the big tree, where the clothes were lying on the ground. He gathered an armful of shirts and pants and sneakers and hustled toward the wall. The other boys raced behind him. Still barefoot and wearing nothing but his underwear, Bill vaulted over the wall. Tyree tumbled over behind him. With his underwear torn and soiled, Walter followed. Leslie grazed his knee on the stone wall as he clambered over. Scared and scraped but otherwise unharmed, the boys escaped.
“And don’t you ever come back! Ya hear?” Old Man Ackerson yelled as they sat on the ground a safe distance away and threw on their clothes and slipped on their shoes.
Leslie frantically searched for one of his sneakers. “My shoe’s missing!”
Bill jumped up. “Come on, hurry! Leave it! We gotta get outta here before he calls the cops.”
The boys ran for the tracks, with Leslie running barefoot. They crossed the hot tracks just as they heard the distant sound of the train whistle. They squeezed back through the bushes, the thicket scratching their arms, but they didn’t care. They were just glad to be back safe and sound—on the colored side of town.
3
GALLATIN, TENNESSEE—a town of less than thirty thousand residents today and half that number in the 1960s—is located twenty-five miles north of Nashville. Situated along the banks of the meandering Cumberland River, Gallatin has a Mayberry-like look and feel to it. It was founded in 1802 as an industrial town with both railroad and river access, and by the mid-1960s many of the local blue-collar workers were employed in the shirt or shoe factories.
Most of the population was white. Negroes comprised less than 10 percent of Gallatin’s population; therefore, few people in town talked much about the racial tension seething in the South in places such as Montgomery, Selma, Birmingham, and, of course, Memphis. Quite the opposite seemed to be the norm. Ask any of the fellas congregating in downtown Gallatin at the whites-only pool hall, and one of them would quickly tell you, “We don’t have any problems with coloreds around here. We all get along just fine. Coloreds know their place.”
And they did.
The lines were clearly delineated, drawn on the basis of skin color. Gallatin had white stores—stores in which Caucasians were welcome and African Americans were not, although nobody used those terms. They were simply “white folks” or “coloreds.” On one side of Main Street stood white stores; on the other side, colored stores, where blacks could shop. Whites could shop at the colored stores if they wanted to, but they rarely did. The town had a white park and a black park in which kids could play. The black children were not permitted to play in the park for white kids—ever.
Like most towns in the Southern United States during the mid-1960s, Gallatin maintained elements of segregation long after the dark-robed judges in Washington, DC, ruled otherwise. Gallatin still had separate water fountains for whites and coloreds. It wasn’t unusual to see a sign prominently posted above one of the fountains: WHITE ONLY. Gallatin also had segregated swimming pools. Whites refused to get into the water if a black person had somehow been invited to swim in the white pool. And a young black man could find himself in jail, beaten or, in years past, hanging from a rope if he dared stare at a white woman in a bathing suit.
Blacks purposely avoided walking down the sidewalk in the direction of whites. An unspoken rule demanded that if a white person or a black person inadvertently approached someone of the other race, somebody must veer off in another direction. Usually that somebody was the black person. Most colored people avoided even stepping into certain sections of Gallatin.
Instead, they stayed in their familiar neighborhoods, two or three streets off Main Street where the black businesses were located. There they could relax at Joey’s Place, the pool hall for blacks.
The barbershop for blacks was also downtown, in addition to a shoe-shine business up the street and the dry cleaners. Clothing worn by black people was never permitted to mingle with clothing worn by white folks. The black people also had their own dance hall in that part of town. A grocery store stood nearby, where only coloreds shopped.
Both Eddie Sherlin and Bill Ligon attended Sumner County schools, of which Gallatin schools were a part. By the early 1960s, the county had seven public high schools, six of which were predominantly attended by white students, and one school—only one—Union, a county-wide school, was designated as a “colored” school. Students walked great distances to get there; others rode a school bus for more than an hou
r each way.
The US Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education landmark decision in 1954 declaring that schools should be fully integrated swept through the South like a raging tornado, often leaving a path of emotional turmoil and destruction. In many Southern cities, the white power base balked. “Over my dead body will I let a colored boy in the same classroom as my daughter.” Many of the whites opposed to integration simply didn’t want change. Others were deadly serious in their resistance. The long-entrenched attitude of community leaders was “Blood will flow in the streets first.” And in many Southern towns and cities such as Birmingham, Montgomery, and even “sophisticated” Atlanta, it did.
In Tennessee, school boards, as well as teachers, were reluctant to give up racial segregation in the classrooms. The Sumner County school district dragged its feet; it was one of the last in the South to open its doors to students of all races.
“We’re doin’ just fine. Why do we want to mess with a system that is working?” was a question posed mostly by whites but also frequently voiced by blacks who were willing to maintain the status quo. Many of Gallatin’s Negro population were reluctant to speak out about racial issues.
White folks were equally intimidated. White people who spoke in favor of integration would quickly be tagged with a pejorative, tarnishing their reputations in town and making them the targets of horrendous verbal abuse. Such a label had an impact on a person’s ability to get a job, open or maintain a business, and, in some instances, it could be life-threatening.
This was the racially charged environment in which Eddie Sherlin and Bill Ligon lived the first eleven years of their lives.
Few people thought it would ever change.
4
THE BLOND-HAIRED, BLUE-EYED, eleven-year-old Eddie Sherlin lay asleep in his bed. Although he maintained a quiet and serene exterior, the dreams playing in his head were vibrantly active. His eyelids moved slightly as the sight and sound of another twenty-five-footer from well above the key swished through the net. Eddie Sherlin lived to play basketball. He not only ate and drank basketball during his waking hours, but he also lived it in his sleep. Almost every night, all night long, Eddie played basketball in his mind, planning his moves against the opposition, seeing himself executing perfectly the difficult corner shot, feeling the defensive guard lose his balance as Eddie gave a slight head fake to the left and then drove the lane for an easy layup. Eddie never worried about what the other players were doing. Instead, he let the defense react to him.
