by David Kirby
9. “Autopsy Report for Dawn Brancheau, Case No. ME-2010-000248,” Office of the Medical Examiner, District Nine, Orlando, FL, February 25, 2010. Final report released to the public on March 31, 2010, www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Other/brancheau,%20dawn_report.pdf.
34. Oversight
1. Marine Mammal Poll, released by the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums, conducted by Harris Interactive, March 2005, www.ammpa.org/_docs/HarrisPollResults.pdf.
2. Wording from sign at SeaWorld taken from photograph by Naomi Rose, Orlando, September 2011.
3. P. F. Olesiuk, G. M. Ellis, and J. K. B. Ford, “Life history and population dynamics of northern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia” (abstract submitted to the 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, San Diego, California, December 2005).
4. J. K. B. Ford, G. M. Ellis, and P. F. Olesiuk, “Linking prey and population dynamics: did food limitation cause recent declines of ‘resident’ killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia?” Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2005/042 (2005), http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/CSAS/Csas/DocREC/2005/RES2005_042_e.pdf.
5. “What It’s Like to Be Banned from SeaWorld’s Facebook Page,” The Orca Project, September 9, 2010, http://theorcaproject.wordpress.com/2010/09/09/what-its-like-to-be-banned-from-seaworlds-facebook-page/.
6. Stephen Jacob’s Orca Homepage is at www.orcahome.de.
7. Diana Reiss and Lori Marino, “Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001, 98, 5937-3942.
8. Coverage of the April 27, 2010, House subcommittee oversight hearing provided by CSPAN, www.c-spanvideo.org/program/293204-1.
35. Citation
1. Tim Zimmermann, “The killer in the pool,” Outside and Outside Online, June 27, 2010, www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/nature/The-Killer-in-the-Pool.html?page=all.
2. “Killer Whales: Tanks and Tensions,” On Point with Tom Ashbrook, WBUR-FM, Boston, July 21, 2010, http://onpoint.wbur.org/2010/07/21/killer-whales-tanks-and-tensions.
3. Comment from Mark Simmons posted on “More on Killer Whales—Tim Zimmermann’s On Point Post” blog, On Point with Tom Ashbrook, WBUR-FM, Boston, July 23, 2010, http://onpoint.wbur.org/2010/07/23/more-on-killer-whales-tim-zimmermanns-on-point-post.
4. Ibid.
5. Howard Garrett, “Alan Grayson bows down to SeaWorld,” Daily Kos, August 19, 2010, www.dailykos.com/story/2010/08/19/894701/-Alan-Grayson-bows-down-to-SeaWorld.
6. “US Labor Department’s OSHA Cites SeaWorld of Florida Following Animal Trainer’s Death,” News Release Number 10-1124-ATL, US Department of Labor, Washington, DC, August 23, 2010, www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASES&p_id=18207.
7. SeaWorld staff, “SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Will Contest OSHA Citation,” “Sea Inside” blog, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Orlando, FL, August 23, 2010, www.seaworldparksblog.com/seaworld-parks-entertainment-will-contest-osha-citation-0.
8. “SeaWorld Whistle Blower: Trainer Death Caused by Park’s Negligence,” ABC’s Good Morning America, August 23, 2010, http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/sea-world-whistleblower-alleges-dangerous-practices-park-trainer/story?id=11459193#.TzBT09Sxu84.
9. Transcript, CNN’s Larry King Live, “Did SeaWorld Help Cause Death of a Killer Whale Trainer?,” August 23, 2010, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1008/23/lkl.01.html.
36. Superpod
1. “Killer Whale Dies at SeaWorld, Sumar Was 12 Years Old; Cause of Death to Be Determined,” 10News, ABC San Diego, KGTV, September 7, 2010.
2. “Necropsy Performed on SeaWorld Killer Whale,” “AM760 KFMB Talk Radio,” San Diego, CA, September 8, 2010, www.760kfmb.com/Global/story.asp?S=13122291; and Michael Stetz, “SeaWorld hopes to learn what caused Sumar’s death,” San Diego Union-Tribune, September 8, 2010, www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/sep/08/seaworlds-hopes-cause-of-sumars-death-will-be-de/?print&page=all.
3. “Sumar, the Killer Whale, Dead at the Age of 12,” The Orca Project, September 8, 2010.
4. “SeaWorld’s killer whale Kalina dies unexpectedly,” Orlando Sentinel, October 5, 2010.
5. “Tommy Lee explodes over whale sperm,” TMZ, December 12, 2010.
6. “How Does SeaWorld Masturbate Their Stud Killer Whales? Rocker Tommy Lee Says ‘Cow Vaginas’ and He Is Almost Right,” The Orca Project, December 9, 2010.
7. Ventre and Jett’s paper is available at http://theorcaproject.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/keto-tilikum-express-stress-of-orca-captivity/.
8. Tim Zimmermann, “Blood in the water,” Outside, July 15, 2011, www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/nature/Blood-in-the-Water-Keto.html?page=all.
9. Charles Buck, Grace P. Paulino, Daniel J. Medina, C. D. Hsiung, Terry W. Campbell, and Michael T. Walsh, “Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from a killer whale,” Clinical and Diagnostic Virology 1 (1993): 109–12, www.wdcs-na.org/story_details.php?select=275.
10. Naomi Rose’s HSUS white paper on killer whales in captivity is available at www.hsi.org/assets/pdfs/orca_white_paper.pdf.
11. James McWilliams, “How PETA’s lawsuit against SeaWorld could end factory farming,” Atlantic, November 11, 2011.
Epilogue
1. The author attended each day of the OSHA hearing and also relied on media reports, court transcripts, and summaries from Naomi Rose for this section.
2. John Melloy, “Stephen Schwarzman Hosting Private Party for Romney, amid Criticism,” Fast Money Halftime Report, CNBC, January 17, 2012.
3. Jason Garcia, “SeaWorld raises employees’ pay after stellar 2011,” Orlando Sentinel, January 12, 2012.
4. Judith Lavoie, “Government must protect orca habitat: court,” Victoria (BC) Times Colonist, February 10, 2012.
5. Tilikum, Katina, Corky, Kasatka, and Ulises, five orcas, by their Next Friends, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Inc., Richard “Ric” O’Barry, Ingrid N. Visser, Ph.D., Howard Garrett, Samantha Berg, and Carol Ray, Case No. 11cv2476 JM(WMC), vs. SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment and SeaWorld, LLC, Order Granting Motion to Dismiss Defendants, United States District Court, Southern District of California, February 8, 2012, http://pugetsoundblogs.com/waterways/files/2012/02/PETA.pdf.
6. E-mail to the author from Johann Hauksson, spokesman for Icelandic prime minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, February 8, 2012.
7. Voice of the Orcas is at http://sites.google.com/site/voiceoftheorcas/home.
Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
A1 (female orca)
A5 (Top Notch) (male orca)
A9 (Scar) (female orca)
A26 (male orca)
A32 (male orca)
A33 (male orca)
A38 (male orca)
A45 (infant orca)
A49 (infant orca)
A51 (Nodales) (female orca)
A73 (Springer) (female orca)
accidents to trainers other than deaths
aggression incidents called accidents
called trainer error
failure to report
importance of, minimized
in Incident Log
acoustic and musical rewards
Adán (male orca)
adolescence of orcas
aggression in orcas
against trainers
incidents of
lethal force suggested as response
in males
precursors to, recognizing
reporting of
Aguilar, Mario
Aibel, Steve
Akeakemai (dolphin)
Alert Bay
Alldredge, Yvonne
Allee, Suzanne
Alliance of M
arine Mammal Parks and Aquariums
alloparenting. See “babysitting” by whales
American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA)
American Family Association
American Sign Language (ASL)
Andrews, Brad
Andrews, Jeff
Anheuser-Busch
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
animal behavior, study of
animal/human histories
animal liberation groups
Animal Profiles
animals, constitutional rights of
animal training
“Animal Training at SeaWorld and Busch Gardens” (booklet)
Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (AWA)
Animal Welfare Institute (AWI)
animatronics
annual survival rate (ASR)
anthropomorphizing
anti-caps
called exploitative and criminal
campaigns
SeaWorld trainers warned against
Antrim, Jim
Aquatica park
aquatic theme parks
injuries at
opposition to animal welfare laws
Arcadier, Maurice
Argentina, display industry in
artificial insemination
Ashbrook, Tom
Ashdown, Kim
Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA, formerly AAZPA)
Atchison, Jim
Atkinson, Jenny
attacks on trainers
Baby (Haida II) (infant orca)
Baby Shamu II (infant orca)
“babysitting” by whales
Bain, David (Dave)
Baird, Robin
Balcomb, Kenneth
Barker, Bob
Barlow, Chris
Beeler, Mark
behavior
normal, in orcas in the wild, vs. in captivity
“off”
“behavior” (animal performing trick)
feeding dependent on
number of, choreographed by SeaWorld
behavioral science
Behavior Review Committee (BRC)
Bell, Phyllis
belugas (white whales)
Bendsten, Nancy
Berg, Samantha
Berman, Mark
Berta, Susan
Berufjördur (or Bera’s Fjord)
Bides, Becca
Bigg, Mike
bioluminescence
birds, killed by orcas
birth, failed
Bjossa (female orca)
Black, John
blackfish (name for orcas)
Blackstone Group
Blitzer, Wolf
Bordallo, Madeleine
boredom in whales
Borrowman, Jim
bottlenose dolphins
bows (by performing orcas)
Boyle, Paul
brains of marine mammals
Brancheau, Dawn
anticap reactions to death of
autopsy report
blamed for her own demise
death of
death of, effect on the captivity controversy
death of, facts and misinformation about
death of, response to
family represented at SeaWorld trial
foundation in honor of
investigation into death of
ponytail controversy
skills of, as trainer
witnesses to the death of
Brancheau, Scott
breathing, cetacean style of
breeding in captivity
breeding loans
Bricker, Todd
Britain
Brocato, Frank
Brown, Dan
Budd Inlet
Burich, Samuel
Busch, August III
Busch Entertainment
Busch Gardens
Butcher, David
Butler, Sydney
“buzzwords” (words and phrases to be avoided by trainers)
Byrne, Keltie Lee
death of, by orca
inquest into death of
Cafferty, Jack
Calandrino, Boots
California, State of
callback stimuli
calls (by orcas)
Cal/OSHA
report rewritten and parts withdrawn at SeaWorld’s insistence
suggestions for safety improvements at SeaWorld San Diego
calves
death of
forced separation from mothers
stress on captive orca mothers
“Calypso” (song)
Canada
display industry in
Canadian Federation of Humane Societies
Canary Islands labor ministry
Canuck (male orca)
Canuck II (male orca)
Cape Cod
captive animals (generally)
opposition to captivity
species that don’t thrive in captivity
captive orcas
as ambassadors for their species
ban on water work with
behavior of, abnormal
deaths of
as entertainment
ethics of keeping them captive
exportation of
happiness of
health
health monitoring
life claimed to be better
nonadaptation to captivity
profitable to the display industry
release of. See release of captive orcas
retirement urged
stress on
captures of marine mammals
banning of
description of
effect on wild population
ethics of
history of
scientific benefits claimed for
Carlson, Gretchen
Cartlidge, Doug
Center for Whale Research
cetaceans, species of
Cetacean Society International (CSI)
Charlie Chin (male orca)
chimpanzees
Chisholm, Suzanne
Clark, Kelly Flaherty. See Flaherty Clark, Kelly
classical conditioning
clicks (by orcas)
Clubb, Ros
CNN
Coe, Cindy
cognitive dissonance
Commerce Department, U.S.
congressional oversight
Connell family, Todd, Suzanne, and Bobby
lawsuit on behalf of Bobby
Todd’s video
consciousness in orcas
Constangy, Brooks & Smith
control, loss of, with orcas
Cooke, Wendy
Cooper, Anderson
Cordoba, Arturo
Corkeron, Peter
Corky I (male orca)
Corky II (female orca)
The Corky Project
Corliss, Richard
Cornell, Lanny
Cornell University
Cornick, Leslie
Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
Cousteau, Jean-Michel
Cowell, Corinne
Cowperthwaite, Gabriela
CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine
Damico, Spencer
Damon, Matt
Davis, Bill
death of orcas in captivity
infant deaths
list of SeaWorld orcas and age at death
while giving birth
death of orcas in the wild
deaths of trainers. See kills of trainers by orcas
Deeble, Benjamin D.
Delphinidae
DeMaster, Douglas
Demetrios, Michael
Democrats
den Herder, F. B.
dental problems of orcas
Denver, John
desensitization, to human in the tank
Desmond, Timothy
“detraining”
DeWit, Susanne
Diaz, Miguel
Dillard, Michelle
Dinely, John
“Dine with Shamu” events
Discovery Cove
diseases of orcas
display industry
affordability argument of
alarmed at captive releases
attacks on
beginning of
congressional hearings on
conservation and education programs required of
gradual phasing out of, suggested
safety findings of Cal/OSHA
self-justification of
self-regulation of
DNA sampling to identify kin
dogs, wild
Dold, Chris
Dolfinarium Harderwijk
Dolphin Project
Dolphin Quest
Dolphin Rescue Brigade
dolphins
captive
love and worship of
release of
swim-with programs
dominance, fighting for
Dong Chong Bay
Donner, Richard and Lauren Schuler
dorsal fin
collapsed
Dougherty, Michael
Draheim, Megan
Drevenak, Jeannie
drive fisheries
“dry work”
Duffus, David
Dukes, Daniel P.
death of, by orca
Durban, John
Earth Island Institute
echolocation
Eckis, Annette
Ellis, Graeme
El Nuevo Reino Aventura. See Reino Aventura
employment at SeaWorld, discrimination in hiring charge
enrichment programs
Eskifjördur, Iceland
exercise sessions
Exxon Valdez oil spill
false-bottom floors
false killer whales
Farinato, Richard
feeding by wild orcas
feeding of captive orcas
daily quantity
food deprivation by trainers
Finna (male orca)
First Nations people
Fischer, Bryan
Fish and Wildlife Service, US
Fisheries and Oceans, Department of, Canada (DFO)
fish given to marine mammals
daily quantity
medicated or hydrated
“restaurant-quality”
fishing industry
Flaherty Clark, Kelly
Flipper (TV show)
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Foote, Andrew
Ford, John
Fordem, Lindy
Fossey, Dian
Foster, Jeff
Foster, Nancy
France, display industry in
Frankie (male orca)
Free Willy (film)
filming of
not appreciated by Keiko (“Willy”) himself
