White, Shane, Stephen Garton, Stephen Robertson, and Graham White, Playing the Numbers: Gambling in Harlem Between the Wars. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.
Yeager, Daniel. A First-Year Course in Criminal Law. New York: Wolters-Kluwer, 2018.
Johnstown and Western Pennsylvania
I made extensive use of the archives of the Johnstown Tribune-Democrat and the Johnstown Observer; of records from the Johnstown Police Department, the Cambria County Courthouse, the library of the Johnstown Area Heritage Association, and the Cambria County Library in Johnstown; and of FBI files on Joseph Regino and John LaRocca obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests. In addition, the following sources were particularly valuable:
Arnold, Carrie. “A Scourge Returns: Black Lung in Appalachia.” Environmental Health Perspectives 124, no. 1, January 2016.
Berger, Karl, ed., Johnstown: The Story of a Unique Valley. Johnstown: Johnstown Flood Museum, 1984.
Comte, Julien. “ ‘Let the Federal Men Raid’: Bootlegging and Prohibition Enforcement in Pittsburgh.” Pennsylvania History 77, no. 2, 2010.
Johnstown City Directory, R–L. Pittsburgh: Polk & Co., 1910–1965.
Mazak-Kahne, Jeanine. “Small-Town Mafia: Organized Crime in New Kensington, Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 78, no. 4, 2011.
McCullough, David. The Johnstown Flood. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968.
Pennsylvania Crime Commission. 1971–72 Report. Lingletown, PA: Office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972.
———. Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of Change, 1990 Report. Lingletown, PA: Office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1991.
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. “Mafia Vacuum.” March 5, 1987.
Pizzola, Peter M. “The Significance of Unionization at Bethlehem Steel in 1910 and 1918–1919.” Master of Arts Thesis, Lehigh University, 1996.
U.S. Department of Labor. “Coal Fatalities for 1900 Through 2019.” Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). https://arlweb.msha.gov/stats/centurystats/coalstats.asp.
U.S. War Production Board. Report of War Plants and Services in Urgency Rating Bands III Thru VII, 1945. U.S. National Security Resources Board,
Whittle, Randy. Johnstown, Pennsylvania: A History, Part One: 1895–1936. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2015.
———. Johnstown, Pennsylvania: A History, Part Two: 1937–1980. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2007.
Illustration Credits
Page 13: Courtesy of the Johnstown Flood Museum Archives, Johnstown Area Heritage Association.
Page 15: Boston Public Library.
Page 24: Frank Filia.
Page 190: Johnstown Tribune-Democrat.
Also by Russell Shorto
Revolution Song
Amsterdam
Descartes’ Bones
The Island at the Center of the World
Saints and Madmen
Gospel Truth
Frontispiece: Russ and Mary at Club Harlem in Atlantic City.
Copyright © 2021 by Russell Shorto
All rights reserved
First Edition
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Names: Shorto, Russell, author. | Shorto, Russ (Russell), 1914–1981.
Title: Smalltime : a story of my family and the mob / Russell Shorto.
Description: First edition. | New York, NY : W. W. Norton & Company, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020032361 | ISBN 9780393245585 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780393245592 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Shorto, Russell—Family. | Organized crime—Pennsylvania—Johnstown—History—20th century. | Criminals—Pennsylvania—Johnstown—History—20th century.
Classification: LCC HV6452.P39 S56 2021 | DDC 364.1092/274877—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032361
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