Pravda, 34–35, 58, 60, 68–69, 97, 103, 110, 369
prison camps, Soviet, xiii, 304, 363, 387, 389, 396, 435, 437; German survivors, 397
prisoners of war: casualties among, 388, 389, 390; German, 362, 364, 388, 394, 402, 435–437; guidelines on care of, 326–327; interrogation of, 133, 265; Italian, 264, 275, 277, 281, 300, 363; killing of, 10, 188, 189, 380, 381, 388, 399; political indoctrination of, 393; repatriation of, 394–395, 396, 397, 399, 401–402, 403, 435–437; rioting by, 363; Rumanian, 184, 187–188, 363; Russian, 5, 40, 41, 71, 184, 202, 327–329. See also cannibalism
propaganda: German, 161, 195, 295, 367; Soviet, 125, 149, 291, 305, 323, 324
prostitution, 169–170
Pugachev, Yemelyan, 29
Pugliese, Dr. Vincenzo, 392, 406
Pushkin Street, 58
Pushkinskaya Street, 30, 93
quartermasters, German, 112, 113, 142, 164, 184, 189, 238, 298, 352, 359–360
radio communications: German, 140, 184, 335, 346, 353–354, 355–356; monitoring of Soviet by Germans, 234; in spy network, 23; Soviet, 76, 126–127, 134, 175, 384
Radio Moscow, 39
Rado, Alexander, 23
railroads, 69, 113, 149. See also trains
Railroad Station Number One, 34, 54, 92, 96, 100
Rastenburg, Nazi headquarters at, 163, 192, 199, 200, 206, 207, 210, 232, 274, 299
rations, cutting of, 220, 226, 233
Razin, Stenka, 29
Red Army, xi, 4, 9, 19, 20, 22–23, 70, 71, 212, 229, 325–326, 378–379
ARMIES: First Guards, 71; First Tank, 4, 41; Second Guards, 232, 234, 258, 336; Third Guards, 264, 280; Fifth Tank, 179–180, 183; Twenty-first, 180, 183, 218; Twenty-fourth, 218; Sixty-second, 4, 39–40, 41, 73, 76, 80, 81, 125, 136, 146, 151, 176, 205–206, 218, 234, 284, 316, 386, 398
CORPS: Fourth Mechanized (Tank), 173, 174, 191, 202; Thirteenth Mechanized, 191; Twenty-fourth Tank, 301, 302
DIVISIONS: Thirteenth Guards, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96–97, 102, 104, 119–120, 368, 398, 402; Thirty-fifth Guards, 63, 82; Thirty-seventh Guards, 134, 136, 150; Thirty-ninth Guards, 123; Fifty-seventh, 218; Sixty-fourth, 72, 73, 84, 90, 218, 378; Sixty-fifth, 218, 368; Sixty-sixth, 72, 218; Eighty-seventh, 241; Ninety-fifth, 123, 150; One Hundred Twelfth, 123; One Hundred Eighteenth, 150, 159, 284; One Hundred Ninety-fourth, 123; Two Hundred Eighth, surrender of, 33, 75; Two Hundred Eighty-fourth Siberian, 103–104, 106, 120, 121, 122, 127, 150, 169, 396; Three Hundred Eighth, 123, 135, 150
BRIGADES: Fourteenth Motor Artillery, 194; Twentieth Motorized, 45; Twenty-sixth Armored, 196, 197–198
REGIMENTS: Fifty-third Mortar, 242; One Hundred Eighteenth, 157 See also Big Saturn; Little Saturn; Operation Uranus; STAVKA
Red Army High Command, 19, 151, 179, 187, 217–218
“Red House,” battle for, 155
Red October Plant, 36, 69, 99, 106, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 133, 175, 286, 287, 324, 386; battle for, 135, 137, 284
“Red Orchestra,” 23
Red Star, 121
refugees, xiii, xiv, 34, 165
Reichenau, Field Marshal Walther von, 10
Rentsch, Dr. Herbert, 116, 166, 221, 318, 360, 406
Rettenmaier, Maj. Eugen, 155, 186, 225–226, 261
Reuber, Dr. Kurt, 292–293
Reutlingen, 270, 271
Reymann, Lt. Georg, 339
Rhine River, 115
Richthofen, Gen. Freiherr von, 61, 131–132, 148, 154, 159, 163, 183, 193, 217, 245, 273, 280, 293, 295, 351
Rimsky-Korsakov School of Music, 42
Ritter Kreuz, Order of, 112
rockets, Russian, 138–139, 224, 276, 291, 315
Rodenburg, Gen. Carl, 114, 333, 335, 374, 401, 406
Rodimtsev, Gen. Alexander Ilyich, 89, 94–95, 108, 113, 119, 136, 146, 368, 385–386, 402
Rokossovsky, Gen. Konstantin, 117, 172, 203, 232, 234, 301–302, 316, 320, 325, 402
Rolik group, 160
Romanenko, Gen., 183
Rome, xiii, 305, 306
Rommel, Gen. Edwin, 153, 181, 232
Rosati, Col., 306
Rosenfeld, Col. Lothar, 303, 350
Roske, Gen., 376, 378
Rossler, Rudolf, 23–24, 402, 422–423. See also “Lucy”
Rossoshka, 49
Rostov, 3, 20, 78, 212, 214, 265, 281, 301, 310, 320, 400
Rudnia 43
Rumania, 9
Rumanian Army, xiv, 13, 14, 159, 175, 183, 186, 188, 189, 213, 220, 273, 309; Third, 14, 149, 179, 179–180, 182, 201; Fourth, 187, 201–202, 214; troops taken prisoner, 363, 393
Russia, Czarist, x, 28–29
Russian Civil War, 20, 30, 103
Rynok, 52, 124, 172–173, 186
Salsk, 291, 294
Sarayev, Col., 90
Sarpa Lake, 187
Sarpinsky Island, 37, 109
Sascha, Oberleutnant, 353
Sazakin (militiaman), 69
Schacty, 346
Scheibert, Lt. Horst, 236–237, 256
Schlömer, Gen., 366, 369
Schmidt, Gen. Arthur, 12, 114, 147, 190, 246, 300, 334, 336, 350, 354, 396, 406, 434; coolness noted, 175, 186, 193; on mutinous generals, 369; leadership of Sixth Army assumed by, 366, 402; on possible breakout, 196–197, 247, 249; secret inquiries on capitulation, 372; surrender negotiated, 375–376, 378; suspicions of Zitzewitz, 211, 303; teletype conversations with Army Group Don, 256–257, 259–261, 267–268, 269–270, 273–274, 290–291, 293–295; undue influence on Paulus alleged, 249, 402
Schmundt, Gen., 344, 356
Schröter, Heinz, 195, 196, 406
Schulz, Gen., 249, 256–257, 259–260, 267–268, 269–270, 273, 290–291, 293–295, 300
Schutzstaffeln (SS), 11, 291
Schwäbisch Gmünd, 314, 396
Schwarz, Grefreiter (Lance Cpl.), 342
secret police: German, 23, 43–44; Soviet, 398. See also NKVD
Seidel, Maj., 353
self-inflicted wounds, 353–354
Selle, Col. Herbert, 155, 157, 333, 334, 357–358, 402
Serafimovich, 14, 149, 158, 161, 179, 188, 214, 245, 262
Sety, 44, 45, 142
Sevastopol, 215, 379
“Severity Order,” 10–11, 12
Seydlitz-Kurzbach, Gen. Walther, 13, 190, 204, 205, 207, 208, 215–216, 311, 317, 366, 369, 371, 379–382, 403
sharpshooters, 121–122, 145, 403–404; German-Russian duel, 127–130. See also snipers
Shumilov, Gen. Mikhail, 83, 378
Siberia, 9, 103, 121; prison camps, xiii, 388, 400. See also Red Army (284th Siberian Division)
Sicherheitdienst (SD), 11
Sickenius, Col., 47, 353
Sixth Army, German, 4, 8, 47; breakdown of, 288, 349–350, 351; casualties, 111, 260; command, 9, 10–13, 49, 147–148, 163; control of Volga, 80, 110; discipline and organization, 229; encirclement of, 202, 217–218, 229, 308, 311; escapees after surrender, 387–388; failure to break out, 387; forebodings of failure, 114; headquarters, 137, 190, 352–353, 368–369; Hitler and refusal to permit withdrawal, 198–199, 205–206; official mourning for loss of, 384; orders to take Stalingrad, 9; quartermasters, 164; role in victory of Kharkov, 12; Russian counteroffensive against, 88; Russian ultimatum to, 325–326; surrender, x, xii, 372, 375–376, 377–380, 383–384; victory at Ostrov, 41; war diary entries, 51, 233, 258–259, 295, 340; withdrawal proposed, 191–192, 251–252. See also Paulus; Schmidt
Skudri Crossing, 124, 125
slave labor, 321, 403
Slotta, Sgt. Gottlieb, 166–167, 225, 324, 348, 406
Smekhotvorov, Gen. F. N., 135, 284
Smolensk, 71
snipers: German, 98, 140; Russian, 89, 139, 172, 235–236, 399; training of, 122. See also sharpshooters
Sogotskot, 243
Solechnaya Street, 36; battle for, xii, 119–120, 401
Sologub, Gen. Ivan Petrovich, 284
Sorge, Richard, 23
Southeast Front, 32, 117
Sovetsky
, 198, 202
Soviet Union: losses at Stalingrad, xiv–xv, 61; Nazi invasion of, 4, 23, 42, 83, 106; writing of history, x–xi. See also Bolshevik Revolution; Red Army
Sovietskaya Street, 35, 160–161
Spangenburg, Oberstleutnant, 353
Spain, 153; Civil War, 94
Spartakovka, 68
Spitkovsky, Pvt. Abraham, 188, 406
Stalin, Josef, x, 4, 22–27, 30, 68, 232, 386, 403; address to Russian people, 152; battle as contest of egos with Hitler, 157; character, 22; cooperation with Weimar Republic, 212; military conferences, 85–86, 88, 117, 173; military decisions, 26, 48, 61, 89, 118, 202–203, 234, 245, 300, 301, 315; military strategy, 24–25; and NKVD, 43; order to hold Stalingrad, 39, 61; order to launch counterattack, 161–162; victory over White Army, 30; and Zhukov, 77–78
Stalingrad: advance by Germans on, 51, 56, 88; City Soviet, 35, 53, 60, 385; civilian volunteers, 54; climate, 3, 28, 33; command post at, 30, 32; death toll, xiv; decision to stand siege, 24–25; described, 30–38, 51; destruction, figures on, 385; entry of German troops, 88, 89; evacuation of civilians, xiv–xv, 34, 38, 56–57, 67, 97; evacuation of wounded, 110; first contact of Russian armies in and outside after siege, 368; geographical setting, 3; German headquarters in, 122–123; German losses, 343; German strategy of attack, 8–9, 13–14, 18; held by German troops, 220; history, 28–30; Hitler on taking of, 118–119, 154; naming of, 20, 30; newspaper reports of fall, 100; organization of militia, 90–91; population figures, xiv–xv, 30, 385; psychological importance of battle, xv–xvi; reconstruction of, xi–xii, 389–390; reinforcements brought into, 112, 124, 125; Russian Military Council at, 62–63; Russian plan of defense, 25–27; Russian counteroffensive, 88–89, 179, 182, 190; Russian losses, 368; survivors, xiii, 396–404; unattended wounded, German, 362; war memorial at, xii–xiii; wounded in battle, 386–387. See also casualties; factory district; street fighting; Tsaritsyn; weather; also names of streets, buildings, and locations, e.g. Mamaev Hill
Stalingrad Front, 26, 32, 151; renamed Don Front, 117
Stalingradski, 354; Flying School at, 122
Starobelsk, 191, 192
starvation, 30, 166, 229, 261, 320, 344, 363; autopsy showing, 318–319; mention of banned, 319; among prisoners, 390
State Bank Building, 91, 92
STAVKA (Soviet General Staff), 24–25, 32, 34, 48, 71, 158, 183, 187–188, 228, 234, 316, 423
Stefan Norman, 225
Steflea, Gen., 201–202
Steidle, Col., 372
Steinhilber, Sgt. Eugen, 198, 406
Stempel, Gen., 367
Stöck, Lt. Gerhard, 175, 182, 185, 186
“storm troops,” in defense of Stalingrad, 90–91
Strecker, Gen., 383
street fighting, 76, 79, 90, 91–93; anticipated by Russian command, 33; German experts, 154–155; training in, 195; at Voronezh, 18–19
Stuka aircraft, 32, 40, 42, 44, 58, 60, 70, 91, 93, 134 245
Stuttgart, 113, 226, 270, 314, 402
suicide, 367, 371, 372, 375, 384; Hitler on, 377, 382–383
supply lines, 20, 78, 113, 164
Susdal, prison camp at, 362, 390, 392
Sverdlovsk, 40
Swabia, 226
Switzerland, 23, 158, 228, 402
T-34 tanks, see Tanks, Russian
Taganrog, Army Group Don headquarters at, 346, 347, 352, 361, 384
Tambov, prison camp at, 363, 390
tanks: German, 5, 40, 146, 159; Russian, 36, 41, 63, 166–167, 180, 184, 188, 194, 202, 223, 224, 236, 240, 263, 315, 334. See also entries under German Army, e.g. First Panzer; also entries under Red Army, e.g. First Tank
Tashkent, 386
Tatsinskaya, 67, 216, 217, 274, 280, 281, 290, 295; airfield at, 300
Tazi airstrip, 302
Tel Aviv, 397
telephone communications: breakdown of Russian, 80, 89, 126, 134; cutting of German, 133, 248. See also BODO line
teletype communications, German, 248–250, 252–255, 256–257, 267–268, 269–270, 277–279, 290–291; cut off by Russians, 300
Terek River, 183
Thiel, Maj., 350, 351
Thuringia, 153
Till, Lt., 238–239
Toepke, Lt. Gunter, 205
Tomskuschin, Maj. Nikolai, 39–41, 403, 406
Tomskuschin, Vladimir, 41, 403
torture, 43–44, 117, 436
trains: Germans supplied by, 73; Russian, attacked by Germans, 63, 191; in transport of prisoners, 327–329
Trepper, Leonard, 23
Trotsky, Leon, 22
Tsaritsa, Gorge, 33–34, 55, 101, 234, 286, 365, 368, 378; command post under, 30–32, 36, 47, 54, 57, 80, 99; German assault on, 94, 99; removal of headquarters, 80–81; return of headquarters to, 88; siege of command post, 93–94
Tsaritsyn, 20, 29
Tunisia, 296
Turla, Don Guido, 391
typhus, 365, 369, 389–390
Tzatza lakes, 88, 149, 173, 174, 187
Ukraine, 4, 17, 85, 104, 106, 116, 118, 119, 120, 132, 143, 166, 221, 387, 436
Ulm, 399
United Press International, 336
Univermag Department Store, xii, 35, 102, 109–110, 368–369, 370, 378, 396; taken by Germans, 111
Upper Silesia, 210
Ural Mountains, 9, 40, 103, 121, 149, 387, 389
Uralsk, 57
Usenko, Capt., 368
Uzbekistan, 120, 389
Vadeneyeva, Maria, 102
Vasilevsky, Marshal Alexander Mikahilovich, 26, 85–86, 88, 117, 161–162, 173, 183, 203, 217, 228, 231–232, 233–234, 241
Vassilevska, 250, 258, 266, 273, 274, 279
Vatutin, Gen., 161, 183, 300, 301
Verkhne-Kumski, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 250, 253, 254
Verkhne-Tsaritsyn, 231
Vertaichy, 112, 388
Victor Emmanuel, King, 305
Viersen, xi
Vinnitsa, Nazi headquarters at, 17, 21, 79, 85, 110
Viskov, Constantin, 54, 59, 97
Vitebsk, 211
Vladimir prison camp, 390
vodka, rations of, 168–169, 324, 325
Vodolagin, Mikhail, 60, 68–69, 97
Volga River, xi, xv, 3, 8, 28, 36, 55–56 61; crossed by Mongols, 28; crossing points, 34, 69, 124–125; described, 32, 38; ferry landing on, 89, 91, 110; German moves toward, 20, 21, 24, 52, 91, 92, 111, 119, 141; ice bridge over, 220, 307; replacements ferried over, 112, 124, 125, 128; Russian defenses of, 9. See also ice packs
Volgograd Defense Museum, xii, 406
Volsky, Gen. Viktor T., 173–174, 191, 202
Voporonovo, 355
Voronezh, 154, 388, 422; battle at, 18–19, 24, 121, 155
Voronov, Gen. N. N., 315–316, 333,
Wagemann Capt. Eberhard, 354
Wagner, Gustav, 270, 271
war crimes, Germans accused of, 400, 436
Warsaw, 15
weapons, 14, 36, 95. See also artillery
weather, effect of on battle, 28, 33, 163–164, 183–184, 186, 194, 217, 222, 291, 303
Weichs, Gen. Freiherr von, 192, 200
Wenck, Col. Walter, 214, 228
Wendt, Siegfried, 198, 406
Werth, Alexander, 336
West Germany, 396, 399, 402, 403, 435; army of, 401. See also names of towns
wheat: harvest, 32; and Nazi objectives, 119; supplies, 102, 142
White Army, Russian, 20, 30
Wiedemann, Sgt., 195–196
Wiesbaden, 46
Willig, Capt., 325
Wirkner, Sgt. Hubert, 210, 224–225, 324, 338, 357–359, 365, 381, 403, 406
Wohlfahrt, Sgt. Ernst, 138–139, 156, 338, 351–352, 406
Wolfs Lair, see Rastenburg
workers, mobilization of, see militia
World War I, xiv, 15, 29, 212; veterans of, 12, 13, 130
wounds, self-inflicted, 353–354
Yamy, 80, 83, 84, 88
Yelchenko, Lt. Fyodor, 377–378,
379n
Yelin, Col., 92, 93, 102–103, 119
Yelshanka, 54, 60
Yeremenko, Gen. Andrei Ivanovich, 25–27, 30, 53, 151, 187, 192, 222, 403; demoted, 301–302, 320; given supreme responsibility for defense of Stalingrad, 48; orders given by, 54, 74, 75, 134; plan of defense, 32–38, 45, 47–48, 73–74; Stalin and, 61, 83, 88; visit to Chuikov command post, 135–136. See also Khrushchev
Young Fascist League, 15
Yugoslavia, 4
Zabolotnov, Lt., 119
Zaitsev, Vassili, 121–122, 127–130, 145–146, 236, 386, 397, 403–404
Zaitsevski Island, 243
Zeitzler, Gen. Kurt, 163, 199, 206–207, 210, 217, 232, 246, 271, 274, 277, 333, 356, 381–386
Zholudev, Gen. Victor, 123, 134, 136, 150, 285
Zhukov, Marshal Georgi Konstantinovich, x, 70–71, 77–78, 85, 86, 88, 117, 158, 217, 218, 228, 301–302, 404; plan for counterattack, 161–162, 171, 173–174, 404
Zitzewitz, Maj. Coelestin von, 210–211, 303–304, 354, 356–357, 404
Zybenko, 286, 334, 335
About the Author
William Craig (1929–1997) was an American historian and novelist. Born and raised in Concord, Massachusetts, he interrupted his career as an advertising salesman to appear on the quiz show Tic-Tac-Dough in 1958. With his $42,000 in winnings—a record-breaking amount at the time—Craig enrolled at Columbia University and earned both an undergraduate and a master’s degree in history. He published his first book, The Fall of Japan, in 1967. A narrative history of the final weeks of World War II in the Pacific, it reached the top ten on the New York Times bestseller list and was deemed “virtually flawless” by the New York Times Book Review. In order to write Enemy at the Gates (1973), a documentary account of the Battle of Stalingrad, Craig travelled to three continents and interviewed hundreds of military and civilian survivors. A New York Times bestseller, the book inspired a film of the same name starring Jude Law and Joseph Fiennes. In addition to his histories of World War II, Craig wrote two acclaimed espionage thrillers: The Tashkent Crisis (1971) and The Strasbourg Legacy (1975).
All rights reserved, including without limitation the right to reproduce this ebook or any portion thereof in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
The Fall of Japan copyright © 1967 by William Craig Ltd.
Enemy at the Gates copyright © 1973 by William Craig Ltd.
The World War II Chronicles Page 83
