by K. R. Bolton
[←157]
Dale, p. 129.
[←158]
Dale, p. 129.
[←159]
Dale, p. 132.
[←160]
Dale, p. 132.
[←161]
T. S. Eliot, For Lancelot Andrewes, 1928, “Preface.”
[←162]
C. Maurras, Nouvelle Revue Francaise, March 1913, cited by B. Spurr, Anglo-Catholic in Religion (The Lutterworth Press, 2010), p. vii.
[←163]
T. S. Eliot, The Criterion, December 1928, p. 289, quoted by Alastair Hamilton, p. 275.
[←164]
Maurras, like many French Rightists, was anti-German, but a prominent supporter of the Vichy regime of Marshall Pétain. Maurras opposed collaboration with the German occupation but also opposed the Allies and regarded the Resistance as banditry. In 1945 Maurras was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in 1952.
[←165]
T. S. Eliot, “Mr. Barnes and Mr. Rowes,” The Criterion, July 1929.
[←166]
B. Spurr, Anglo-Catholic in Religion, p. 35.
[←167]
Spurr, p. 36.
[←168]
Spurr, p. 40.
[←169]
Spurr, p. 44.
[←170]
Spurr, p. 44.
[←171]
Ackroyd, pp. 35–36.
[←172]
T. S. Eliot, “Syllabus of a Course of Six Lectures on modern French Literature by T Stearns Eliot,” Oxford Extension Lectures, Oxford University, 1916.
[←173]
“Syllabus.”
[←174]
“Syllabus.”
[←175]
“Syllabus.”
[←176]
Z. Sternhell, Neither Left Nor Right: Fascist Ideology in France (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996).
[←177]
T. S. Eliot, The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry & Criticism (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1921), “Tradition the Individual Talent,” I: 3.
[←178]
The Italian Futurists were an exception.
[←179]
“Tradition the Individual Talent,” I: 4.
[←180]
“Tradition the Individual Talent,” I: 5.
[←181]
Heather Van Aelst “Conclusions,” http://aduni.org/~heather/occs/honors/Conclusions.htm
[←182]
Ackroyd, p. 143.
[←183]
T. S. Eliot, The Criterion, Vol. 18, No. 70, October 1938, pp. 38–39.
[←184]
T. S. Eliot, The Criterion, Vol. 16, No. 63, January 1937, p. 290.
[←185]
T. S. Eliot, The Criterion, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 1926, p. 222.
[←186]
T. S. Eliot, The Criterion, Vol. 13, No. 53, July 1934, pp. 628–30.
[←187]
M. R. Stevens, “T. S. Eliot’s Neo-Medieval Economics,” Journal of Markets & Morality, Vol. 2, No. 2, Fall 1999, p. 235.
[←188]
T. S. Eliot, Review of Wyndham Lewis’ The Lion and the Fox (1927) in Twentieth Century Verse, No. 6/7, November/December 1937, pp. 6–9.
[←189]
T. S. Eliot, “Foreword,” Wyndham Lewis, 1933, One-Way Song (London: Methuen, 1960), p. 10.
[←190]
Stevens, p. 236.
[←191]
T. S. Eliot, “Commentary,” The Criterion, July 1933.
[←192]
T. S. Eliot, “Last Words,” The Criterion, January 1939.
[←193]
T. S. Eliot, After Strange Gods: A Primer of Modern Heresy (London: Faber and Faber, 1934), p. 16.
[←194]
After Strange Gods, p. 17.
[←195]
After Strange Gods.
[←196]
After Strange Gods, p. 18.
[←197]
After Strange Gods, p. 19.
[←198]
G. Pascal Zachary, The Global Me: Why Nations Will Succeed or Fail in the Next Generation (New South Wales: Australia, Allen and Unwin, 2000).
[←199]
After Strange Gods, p. 20.
[←200]
After Strange Gods, p. 20.
[←201]
After Strange Gods, p. 20. Eliot is here quoting V. A. Demant, God, Man and Society, p. 146.
[←202]
T. S. Eliot, “Commentary,” The Criterion, Vol. 11, October 1931.
[←203]
G. Simmers, “T. S. Eliot’s Attack on Anti-Semitism,” http://greatwarfiction.wordpress.com/tseliots-attack-on-anti-semitism/
[←204]
T. S. Eliot, The Idea of a Christian Society (London: Faber and Faber, 1939), p. 11.
[←205]
The Idea of a Christian Society, pp. 16–17.
[←206]
The Idea of a Christian Society, p. 21.
[←207]
The Idea of a Christian Society, p. 30.
[←208]
The Idea of a Christian Society, p. 31.
[←209]
The Idea of a Christian Society, p. 34.
[←210]
T. S. Eliot, “A Commentary,” Criterion, No. 18, Oct. 1938, pp. 59–60.
[←211]
A. S. Dale, T. S. Eliot: The Philosopher Poet (Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, 2004), p. 161.
[←212]
Dale, p. 162
[←213]
Dale, p. 168.
[←214]
Dale, p. 169.
[←215]
Dale, p. 170.
[←216]
Eliot, Notes Towards a Definition of Culture (London: Faber & Faber, 1962), p. 7.
[←217]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 35.
[←218]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, pp. 38–39.
[←219]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 45.
[←220]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 46.
[←221]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 48.
[←222]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 48.
[←223]
Eliot, Horizon, August 1945.
[←224]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 111.
[←225]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, pp. 112–13.
[←226]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 114.
[←227]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 116.
[←228]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 117.
[←229]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 118.
[←230]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, pp. 118–19.
[←231]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 120.
[←232]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 122.
[←233]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 123.
[←234]
Notes Towards a Definition of Culture, p. 124.
[←235]
Ackroyd, p. 273.
[←236]
Ackroyd, p. 329.
[←237]
M. Kakutani, “Critic’s Notebook; Examining T. S. Eliot and Anti-Semitism: How Bad Was It?” The New York Times, August 22, 1989.
[←238]
Sharpe, T. S. Eliot: A Literary Life, p. 171.
[←239]
Craig Munro, Inky Stephensen: Wild Man of Letters (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1992).
[←240]
Bruce Muirden remarks that, “Miles Franklin has noted, with justice, that Stephensen’s key critical work, The Foundations of Culture in Australia, is ‘more assiduously consulted than acknowledged.’” Muirden, The Puzzled Patriots: The Story of the Australia First Movement (Melbourne: Melbourne U
niversity Press, 1968), pp. 15–16.
[←241]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 17.
[←242]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 17.
[←243]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 17.
[←244]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 17.
[←245]
The Puzzled Patriots, pp. 17–18.
[←246]
http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/stephensen/
prsdegree01.jpg
[←247]
P. R. Stephensen, “Bakunin,” ca. 1928.
[←248]
Stephensen translated and published Nietzsche’s The Antichrist in 1929.
[←249]
Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1969), “Of Higher Man,” pp. 296-306.
[←250]
Nietzsche would not have applauded the revolutionary mob under any circumstance, although it is easy to see what Stephensen could perceive in Bakunin in Nietzschean terms, and the revolutionary desire to destroy the bourgeois order: “For today the petty people have become lord and master: they all preach submission and acquiescence and prudence and diligence and consideration and the long et cetera of petty virtues” (Thus Spoke Zarathustra, p. 298).
[←251]
Stephensen, “Bakunin,” Part I.
[←252]
Stephensen, “Bakunin,” Part VIII.
[←253]
Stephensen, “Bakunin,” Part XI.
[←254]
Stephensen, “Bakunin,” Part XVI.
[←255]
Stephensen, “Holy Smoke: An Essay in Religious Experience,” ca. 1928.
[←256]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 21.
[←257]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 22.
[←258]
Sandy Robertson, The Aleister Crowley Scrapbook (London: W. Foulsham, 1988), p. 7.
[←259]
Israel Regardie, “Introduction,” 1969; P. R. Stephensen, The Confessions of Aleister Crowley, 1930 (Phoenix, Arizona: Falcon Press, 1983).
[←260]
Stephensen, The Confessions of Aleister Crowley, pp. 13–14. Stephensen asked that Crowley be judged by his poetry and prose and not by his notorious character.
[←261]
The Aleister Crowley Scrapbook, p. 19.
[←262]
Regardie, “Introduction,” pp. ii–iii.
[←263]
The Aleister Crowley Scrapbook, p. 19.
[←264]
Regardie, “Introduction,” p. v.
[←265]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 24.
[←266]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 25.
[←267]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 28.
[←268]
Stephensen, The Foundations of Culture in Australia: An Essay Towards National Self Respect (Gordon, New South Wales: W. J. Miles, 1936). Percy Stephensen Collection: http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/stephensen/prs4.html
[←269]
Stephensen, “Decline and Fall of the British Empire: An Australian Nationalist Point of View,”
http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/stephensen/prs8.html
[←270]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 28.
[←271]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 36.
[←272]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 37.
[←273]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 37.
[←274]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 39.
[←275]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 39.
[←276]
Founder of the cultural-nationalist Jindyworobak movement in 1938, upon which Stephensen’s Foundations had had a seminal influence, although Ingamells thought that Stephensen conceded too much to British influence on the development of Australian identity. The Puzzled Patriots, p. 51.
[←277]
Stephensen, The Publicist, July 1939.
[←278]
Stephensen, December 12, 1938.
[←279]
The Puzzled Patriots, pp. 42–43.
[←280]
The Puzzled Patriots, pp. 44–46. A selection of his poems written in 1942 can be found at: http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/
mudie.html
[←281]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 49.
[←282]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 50.
[←283]
The New Guard was established by Eric Campbell in 1931, primarily to oppose communism and specifically the New South Wales Labour government of Jack Lang, reaching a membership of 50,000. Ironically, it was Lang, in the tradition of Old Labour, who was staunchly anti-communist, a die-hard advocate of “White Australia,” and of particular significance, advocated suspension of interest payments to British bondholders, interest on government bond holdings to be reduced from 6% to 3%, and the issue of state credit based on the “goods standard,” not the “gold standard.” Keith Amos, The New Guard Movement 1931–1935 (Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1976), p. 23.
While the New Guard had the trappings of fascism such as the Roman salute, Campbell did not consider fascism as a doctrine until 1933 when he visited Mussolini. In hindsight, it could be contended that it was Lang who from the start was a thoroughly-grounded Australian Nationalist rather than the paramilitary Empire patriots who wished to defend British and Australian bondholders. Additionally, the “Lang Plan” was of more specifically nationalist orientation than the free trade economics of Stephensen. See also: Jack Lang, “White Australia Saved Australia,” I Remember (1956), Chapter 6.
Stephensen did have a perceptive view about the New Guard in pointing out that Lang’s dismissal from Office was supported by the “pseudo-Fascist New Guard”: “Peculiar Fascists are these led by Eric Campbell, using the Fascist technique not for a National cause (as in Germany or Italy), but for the cause of International (British) finance.” Stephensen, “A Brief Survey of Australia History: Our Story in Fifteen Decades,” (1938), The Percy Stephensen Collection,
http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/stephensen/index.html
[←284]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 60. Mrs. Walsh was soon asked to withdraw from the movement because of her overly enthusiastic support for Japan.
[←285]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 62.
[←286]
The Puzzled Patriots, pp. 66–68.
[←287]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 69.
[←288]
Stephensen, “Fifty Points of Policy for an Australia-First Party After the War,” The Publicist, May 1, 1940, http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/stephensen/index.html
[←289]
Stephensen, “Towards a New Order,” The Publicist, August 1, 1941, http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/stephensen/prs2.html
[←290]
The Puzzled Patriots, pp. 47–48.
[←291]
Stephensen, “Towards a New Order, Point 26, National Unity.”
[←292]
Stephensen, “Fifty Point of Policy for an Australia-First Party After the War.”
[←293]
K. R. Bolton, “State Credit and Reconstruction: The First New Zealand Labour Government,” Journal for the Study of Social Economics, Vol. 38, No. 1, February 2011.
[←294]
Regardie, “Introduction.”
[←295]
Jack Lang, “White Australia Saved Australia.”
[←296]
K. R. Bolton, Babel Inc.: Multiculturalism, Globalisation and
the New World Order (London: Black House Publishing, 2013).
[←297]
William Lane, The Boomerang: A Live Newspaper Born of the Soil, March 17, 1888.
[←298]
Stephensen, “A Reasoned Case Against Semitism.”
[←299]
What one might whimsically call the “col
laborationist conspiracy” in Australia centered around government agent “Hardt,” and a couple of individuals who were not aligned to Australia First; Nancy Krakouer (of Jewish descent), Laurence Bullock, and E. C. Quicke, harmless dreamers, who thought they might form a collaborationist government in the event of a Japanese invasion. Authorities were not able to establish any association between these and Australia First. The Puzzled Patriots, p. 144.
[←300]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 94.
[←301]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 110.
[←302]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 113.
[←303]
The Puzzled Patriots, p. 113. His wife Dora, who was part Jewish, was to maintain lifelong activity in the Australian “Right.” As late as 1978 she was writing for an Australian nationalist periodical. Dora Watts, “The Murder of a Nation,” Advance!, no. 4, January–February 1978, p. 7.
