Prince Nicholas, Political Memoirs, p. 136.
Grand Duchess George, Romanov Diary, p. 198.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 15 July 1916, in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 1242, p. 535.
King Constantine II to Paola, Princess of Saxe-Weimar, 17 February 1916, in Paola, A King’s Private Letters, p. 173.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 28 August 1915, in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 409, pp. 189–90.
Edmund A. Walsh, The Fall of the Russian Empire (Boston: Little, Brown, 1928), p. 117.
King, Last Empress, p. 245.
Lieven, Nicholas II, p. 228.
The Times, 13 October 1914.
Diary entry of 7 January 1915 in Paléologue, Ambassador’s Memoirs, vol. I, pp. 238–39.
Grand Duke Alexander, Once a Grand Duke, p. 271.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 20 September 1916, in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 1430, p. 592.
Sir George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia and Other Diplomatic Memories. Vol. II (Boston: Little, Brown, 1923), p. 77.
Florence Farmborough, With the Armies of the Tsar: A Nurse at the Russian Front, 1914–18 (New York: Stein & Day, 1975), p. 233.
Diary entry of 22 December 1916 in Maurice Paléologue, An Ambassador’s Memoirs. Vol. III (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1927), p. 121.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 4 December 1916, in Radziwill, Nicholas, p. 182.
Queen Victoria to Princess Victoria of Hesse, 26 April 1884, in Hough, ed., Advice to My Grand-Daughter, p. 65.
Gordon, Roumania, p. xx.
Vopicka, Secret of the Balkans, p. 317.
Gordon, Roumania, p. xix.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 17 March 1916 in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 892, p. 421.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 22 August 1915 in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 383, p. 171.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 31 October 1916, in ibid., no. 1538, p. 634.
Quoted in Kokovtsov, Out of My Past, pp. 434–35.
Buchanan, My Mission, vol. II, p. 31.
Lieven, Nicholas II, p. 232.
Lincoln, Romanovs, p. 664.
Tsarina Alexandra to the Rev. William Boyd Carpenter, Bishop of Ripon, 29 December 1902/11 January 1903, Add. MSS 46721/236, The British Library.
Almedingen, Empress Alexandra, p. 73.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 5 March 1916, in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 849, p. 398.
E. F. Benson, As We Were: A Victorian Peep-Show (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1932), pp. 27–28.
Buchanan, My Mission, vol. II, p. 3.
Mossolov, Court of the Last Tsar, p. 174.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 13 December 1916, in Maylunas and Mironenko, eds., Lifelong Passion, p. 490.
Grand Duke Alexander, Once a Grand Duke, p. 275.
Narishkin-Kurakin, Under Three Tsars, pp. 201–02.
Queen Marie to Mr. Barron, 8 September 1929, George Duca Papers, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
King George V to Sir Edward Grey, 4 September 1916, in Nicolson, King George, p. 282.
Sir Francis Elliot to Sir Edward Grey, 17 September 1916, P.R.O., F.O. 286/586/No. 1384, The National Archives.
Sir Francis Elliot to Sir Edward Grey, British Foreign Secretary, 1 October 1916, P.R.O., F.O. 286/586/No. 1467, The National Archives.
Christos Theodolu, Greece and the Entente: August 1, 1914–September 25, 1916 (Thessa-loniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, 1971), p. 270.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 24 September 1916, in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 1447, p. 603.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 27 September 1916, in ibid., no. 1461, p. 610.
Paxton Hibben, Constantine I and the Greek People (New York: The Century Co., 1920), pp. 470–71.
King Constantine I to King George V, private telegram, 11 December 1916, P.R.O., F.O. 286/587/No. 1477, The National Archives.
Queen Sophie to Kaiser Wilhelm II, 23 November/6 December 1916 in The Greek. White Book: Supplementary Diplomatic Documents 1913–1917 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1919), no. 62.
Queen Sophie to Kaiser Wilhelm II, 18/31 December 1916, in ibid., no. 73.
Queen Sophie to Nicholas Theotokis, 20 December 1916/2 January 1917, in ibid., no. 75.
Queen Sophie to Kaiser Wilhelm II, 27 December/9 January 1917, in ibid., no. 77.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 174.
Margrete, Landgravine of Hesse, to Hilda Cochrane, 2 December 1916, MSS 364/151, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 173.
Prince Nicholas, Political Memoirs, pp. 263–64.
Grand Duchess George, Romanov Diary, pp. 199, 201.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 176.
Cosmetatos, Tragedy of Greece, p. 128.
Hardinge, Old Diplomacy, p. 204.
Compton Mackenzie, First Athenian Memories (London: Cassell & Co., 1931), p. 261.
Sir Francis Elliot to Arthur Balfour, British Foreign Office, 25 December 1916, P.R.O., FO. 286/587/No. 2120, The National Archives.
Hibben, Constantine I, p. 521.
Hugo Mager, Elizabeth, Grand Duchess of Russia (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), pp. 302–03.
King, Man Who Killed Rasputin, p. 157.
Ibid., p. 158.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 117.
TWENTY-ONE: THE ABYSS
Sir John Hanbury-Williams, The Emperor Nicholas II as I Knew Him (London: Arthur L. Humphreys, 1922), p. 139.
Ibid., p. 133.
Sir Bernard Pares, Fall of the Russian Monarchy: A Study of the Evidence (New York: Random House, 1961), p. 399.
Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 182.
Viroubova, Memories, p. 182.
Grand Duke Alexander, Once a Grand Duke, p. 278.
Michael Harmer, The Forgotten Hospital: An Essay (Chichester, Sussex: Chichester Press, 1982), p. 117.
Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 127.
Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 183.
Grand Duchess Marie, Education of a Princess: A Memoir (New York: Blue Ribbon Books, Inc., 1930), p. 271.
Botkin, Real Romanovs, pp. 127–28.
Grand Duke Alexander, Once a Grand Duke, p. 279.
Princess Paley Memories of Russia, 1916–1919 (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1924), p. 38.
Meriel Buchanan, The City of Trouble (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1918), p. 79.
Diary entry of 11 February 1917 in Paléologue, Ambassador’s Memoirs, vol. III, p. 191.
Cosmetatos, Tragedy of Greece, p. 262.
Ibid.
Lee, Helen, p. 54.
Pares, My Russian Memoirs, p. 361.
Lincoln, The Romanovs, pp. 722–23.
Ibid., p. 723.
Diary entry of 1–14 March 1917, in Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, pp. 150–51.
Diary entry of 17/30 January 1917, in ibid., p. 129.
Diary entry of 23 January/5 February 1917, in ibid., pp. 134–35.
Diary entry of 16 February/1 March 1917, in ibid., p. 147.
Mark Axworthy, “Through British Eyes: Romanian Military Performance in World War I,” in Kurt W Treptow, ed., Romania During the World War I Era (Ias¸i: The Center for Romanian Studies, 1999), p. 123.
Gordon, Roumania, pp. xxxi–ii.
Longford, Queen Victoria, p. 554.
Tsarina Alexandra to Tsar Nicholas II, 2 March 1917, in Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir M. Khrustalëv, eds., The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995), pp. 93–95. Alexandra’s punctuation here, as in many of her letters, is littered with mistakes.
Dehn, Real Tsaritsa, p. 165 (“The poor one…all by himself…oh my God, why has it happened! And I was not there to console
him”).
Ex-Tsarina Alexandra to ex-Tsar Nicholas II, 3 March 1917 in Fuhrmann, ed., Complete Wartime Correspondence, no. 1688, pp. 701–02.
Viroubova, Memories, p. 210.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, pp. 151–52.
Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 141.
Dehn, Real Tsaritsa, p. 186.
TWENTY-TWO: DEATH AT EKATERINBURG
Buxhoeveden, Alexandra Feodorovna, p. 263.
Dehn, Real Tsaritsa, pp. 190–91.
Margrete, Landgravine of Hesse, to Hilda Cochrane, 29 May 1917, MSS 364/155, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
Sir Francis Elliot to Mr. Balfour, 8 April 1917, P.R.O., F.O. 286/602/783, The National Archives.
Sir Francis Elliot to Mr. Balfour, 18 April 1917, P.R.O., F.O. 286/602/862, The National Archives.
Sir Francis Elliot to Mr. Balfour, 7 May 1917, P.R.O., F.O. 286/602/No. 1013, The National Archives.
Lee, Helen, p. 56.
Ibid., p. 58.
Prince Nicholas, Fifty Years, p. 271.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 196.
Ibid.
Prince Nicholas, Fifty Years, p. 272.
Ibid., pp. 272–73.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 197.
Prince Christopher, Memoirs, p. 144.
Prince Nicholas, Fifty Years, p. 275.
Prince Christopher, Memoirs, p. 144.
Prince Nicholas, Fifty Years, p. 275.
Ibid., p. 277.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 220.
Sir Francis Elliot to Arthur Balfour, 16 June 1917, P.R.O., F.O. 286/670/31099, The National Archives.
David Dutton, “The Deposition of King Constantine of Greece, June 1917: An Episode in Anglo-French Diplomacy,” Canadian Journal of History, vol. 12, no. 4 (1977), p. 411.
Léon Maccas, Constantin Ier, Roi des Hellènes (Paris: Editions Bossard, 1917), p. 79.
Kerr, Land, Sea, and Air, p. 196.
Princess Paley, Memories, p. 87.
Buxhoeveden, Alexandra Feodorvna, p. 301.
Count Paul Benckendorff, Last Days at Tsarskoe Selo: Being the Personal Notes and Memories of Count Paul Benckendorff, trans. Maurice Baring (London: William Heinemann, 1927), p. 76.
Buxhoeveden, Alexandra Feodorovna, p. 282.
Alexandra Feodorovna to Aleksandr Syroboiarsky, 29 May 1917, in Steinberg and Khrustalëv, eds., Fall of the Romanovs, pp. 150–52.
Benckendorff, Last Days, p. 108.
Viroubova, Memories, p. 298.
Ibid., pp. 305, 318.
Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 165.
Ibid., p. 166.
Ibid., p. 173.
Bergamini, Tragic Dynasty, p. 455.
Viroubova, Memories, pp. 334–35.
Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 257.
Buxhoeveden, Alexandra Feodorovna, p. 327.
Ibid., p. 329.
Frances Welch, The Romanovs & Mr. Gibbes: The Story of the Englishman Who Taught the Children of the Last Tsar (London: Short Books, 2002), p. 69.
Poliakoff, Tragic Bride, p. 278.
Diary of Archpriest Afanasy Beliaev, 2–31 March 1917, in Steinberg and Khrustalëv, eds., Fall of the Romanovs, p. 144.
The Examination of Anatoly Yakimov in Robert Wilton, The Last Days of the Romanovs: From 15th March, 1917, Part I—The Narrative; Part II—The Depositions of Eye-Witnesses (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1920), p. 275.
Paul Bulygin, “The Sorrowful Quest,” in Bulygin, The Murder of the Romanovs: The Authentic Account. Including The Road to the Tragedy by Alexander Kerensky (Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, 1975 [1935]), p. 236.
Diary entry of Alexandra Feodorovna, 3/16 July 1918 in Vladimir A. Kozlov and Vladimir M. Khrustalëv, eds., Last Diary of Tsaritsa Alexandra, trans. Laura E. Wolfson (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 198.
Bulygin, “The Sorrowful Quest,” in Bulygin, Murder of the Romanovs, p. 238.
Deposition of Philip Proskuriakov in Wilton, Last Days, p. 305.
Deposition of Pavel Medvedev in ibid., p. 290.
TWENTY-THREE: “MAMMA REGINA”
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, pp. 394, 286.
Ibid., p. 169.
Lady Kennard, A Roumanian Diary 1915, 1916, 1917 (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1918), p. 170.
Diary entry of 26 February 1917, in Paléologue, Ambassador’s Memoirs, vol. III, p. 208.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 190.
Ibid., p. 311.
Queen Marie, My Country (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1916), p. 6.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 252.
Ibid., p. 289.
Vopicka, Secrets, p. 152.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 336.
Pakula, Last Romantic, p. 235.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 341.
Pantazzi, Roumania, p. 264.
Pakula, Last Romantic, pp. 240, 242.
William Rodney, Joe Boyle: King of the Klondike (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1974), p. 3.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, pp. 369, 386.
Elseberry, Marie of Romania, p. 149.
Comte de Sainte-Aulaire, Confession, p. 451.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 414.
Rodney, Joe Boyle, p. 206.
Ibid., p. 207.
Appendix 6: Queen Marie to Colonel Joseph Boyle, 29 October 1918, in Treptow, ed., Romania, p. 75.
Queen Marie, My Life, vol. III, p. 429.
Ibid., pp. 433–34.
Interview with King Michael I of Romania, 26 September 2000, Versoix, Switzerland.
Nicolson, King George, p. 335.
The Family Herald, 2 March 1903, p. 471.
Dagget, Marie, pp. 268-69.
Ibid., p. 270.
Diana Fotescu, “Regina Maria si razboiul de întregire nationala˘,” in Treptow, ed., Romania, p. 62.
Rodney, Joe Boyle, 233.
Ibid., p. 234.
Edith Bolling Wilson, My Memoir (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1939), p. 298.
Dagget, Marie, pp. 264, 275.
Grand Duchess Marie, Princess in Exile (New York: Viking Press, 1932), p. 16.
Kjellberg, Dronning Maud, p. 65.
Van der Kiste, Crowns in a Changing World, p. 134.
Ibid., p. 139.
Van der Kiste, Edward VII’s Children, p. 145.
Van der Kiste, Crowns in a Changing World, p. 142.
Van der Kiste, Edward VII’s Children, p. 147.
Wilson, My Memoir, pp. 194–95.
Leonard W Taylor, The Sourdough and the Queen: The Many Lives of Klondike Joe Boyle (Toronto: Methuen, 1983), p. 320.
Prince Paul of Hohenzollern-Roumania, King Carol II: A Life of My Grandfather (London: Methuen, 1988), p. 50.
Frank Rattigan to Earl Curzon, August 15, 1919, Document No. 110 in E. L. Woodward and Rohan Butler, eds., Documents on British Foreign Policy, First Series. Vol. VI: 1919 (London: HMSO, 1956), pp. 149, 151.
Rodney, Joe Boyle, pp. 264, 261.
48. Queen Marie to Loie Fuller, 15 December 1919, MSS 1982-04-40, Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, Washington.
PART IV
TWENTY-FOUR: CAPITULATION AGAIN
Beverley Nichols, 25: Being a Young Man’s Candid Recollections of His Elders and Betters (London: Jonathan Cape, 1926), p. 137.
Prince Christopher, Memoirs, p. 153.
Ibid.
Interview with Crown Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia, 1 May 2001, London.
Prince Christopher, Memoirs, p. 154.
Prince Nicholas, Fifty Years, p. 287.
Margrete, Landgravine of Hesse, to Hilda Cochrane, 6 December 1920, MSS 364/164, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
Interview with Lady Katherine Brandram, 2 May 2001, Marlow, Bucks.
Van Der Kiste, Crowns in a Changing World, p. 143.
Queen Victoria Eugenie to Sir Esme Howard, 8 November 1921, DHW8/11, Sir Esme Howard Papers, Cumbria Record Office, Carlisle.
The Times, 22 November 1920.
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Prince Nicholas, Fifty Years, p. 291.
Bert Birtles, Exiles in the Aegean: A Personal Narrative of Greek Politics and Travel (London: Victor Gollancz, 1938), p. 67.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 228.
Grand Duchess George of Russia (née Princess Marie of Greece) to Miss Barratt, undated, private collection.
Prince Christopher, Memoirs, p. 172.
Lee, Helen, p. 74.
Elsberry Marie of Romania, p. 169.
Margrete, Landgravine of Hesse, to Hilda Cochrane, 3 March 1921, MSS 364/167, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
Earl Curzon to Earl Granville, 18 December 1920, in Rohan Butler and J. P. T. Bury, eds., Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939, First Series, Vol. XII (London: HMSO, 1962), no. 482, p. 546.
Queen Marie to Loie Fuller, 23 March 1921, MSS 1982.04.43, Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, Washington.
Nicholas, 25, p. 116.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 228.
Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 434.
Arthur Gould Lee, The Royal House of Greece (London: Ward Lock, 1948), p. 54.
Kerr, Land, Sea, and Air, p. 196.
Van der Kiste, Crowns in a Changing World, p. 151.
Margrete, Landgravine of Hesse, to Hilda Cochrane, 28 May 1922, MSS 364/188, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
Mrs. Philip Martineau, Roumania and Her Rulers (London: Stanley Paul & Co., 1927), pp. 188–89.
Infanta Eulalia, Courts and Countries After the War (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1925), p. 237.
Martineau, Roumania, pp. 190–91.
Prince Christopher, Memoirs, p. 173.
Abbott, Greece and the Allies, p. 285.
Michael Llewellyn Smith, Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919–1922 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1973), p. 316, n. 7.
The Times, 30 September 1922.
Stella King, Princess Marina: Her Life and Times (London: Cassell, 1969), pp. 87–88.
TWENTY-FIVE: “TOO SAD”
Margrete, Landgravine of Hesse, to Hilda Cochrane, 19 December 1922, MSS 364/196, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
Paul of Hohenzollern-Roumania, King Carol II, p. 80.
The Times, 15 January 1923.
Infanta Eulalia, Courts and Countries, p. 236.
Elseberry, Marie of Romania, p. 183.
Daggett, Marie of Romania, pp. 294–95.
Princess Ileana, I Live Again (New York: Rinehart & Co., 1951), p. 24.
Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria Page 57
