Voyager: Exploration, Space, and the Third Great Age of Discovery

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by Stephen J. Pyne


  Dick, Steven J., and Roger D. Launius, eds. Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight . NASA SP-2006-4702 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2006).

  Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006).

  ———, ed. The Times Atlas of World Exploration (New York: HarperCollins, 1991).

  Fimmel, Richard O., James Van Allen, and Eric Burgess. Pioneer: First to Jupiter, Saturn, and Beyond. NASA SP-446 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1980).

  Foerstner, Abigail. James Van Allen: The First Eight Billion Miles (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2007).

  Goetzmann, William H. Exploration and Empire (New York: Knopf, 1966).

  ———. New Lands, New Men: The United States and the Second Great Age of Discovery (New York: Viking, 1986).

  Hakluyt, Richard. Voyages and Discoveries: The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation. Ed. and abridged by Jack Beeching (New York: Penguin, 1973).

  Harvey, Brian. Russia in Space: The Failed Frontier? (Chichester, UK: Springer Praxis, 2001).

  ———. Russian Planetary Exploration: History, Development, Legacy and Prospects (Chichester, UK: Springer Praxis, 2007).

  Kilgore, DeWit Douglas. Astrofuturism: Science, Race, and Visions of Utopia in Space (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003).

  Koppes, Clayton R. JPL and the American Space Program (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982).

  Koslow, Tony. The Silent Deep: The Discovery, Ecology, and Conservation of the Deep Sea (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007).

  Launius, Roger D. Frontiers of Space Exploration, 2nd ed. (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2004).

  Launius, Roger D., and Howard E. McCurdy. Imagining Space: Achievements, Predictions, Possibilities 1950-2050 (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2001).

  ———. Robots in Space: Technology, Evolution, and Interplanetary Travel (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008).

  Lewis, Richard S. From Vinland to Mars: A Thousand Years of Exploration (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1976).

  Logsdon, John M., ed., with Amy Paige Snyder, Roger D. Launius, Stephen J. Garber, and Regan Anne Newport. Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume IV: Exploring the Cosmos. NASA SP-4407 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2001).

  Logsdon, John M., ed., with Dwayne A. Day, and Roger D. Launius. Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume II: External Relationships. NASA SP-4407 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1996).

  Logsdon, John M., ed., with Linda J. Lear, Jannelle Warren Findley, Ray A. Williamson, and Dwayne A. Day. Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume I: Organizing for Exploration. NASA SP-4407 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1996).

  Logsdon, John M., ed., with Ray A. Williamson, Roger D. Launius, Russell J. Acker, Stephen J. Garber, and Jonathan L. Friedman. Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume II: External Relationships. NASA SP-4407 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1999).

  Logsdon, John M., ed., with Roger D. Launius, David H. Onkst, and Stephen J. Garber. Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume III: Using Space. NASA SP-4407 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1998).

  Logsdon, John M., ed., with Stephen J. Garber, Roger D. Launius, and Ray A. Williamson. Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VI: Space and Earth Science. NASA SP-4407 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2004).

  McDougall, Walter A. The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (New York: Basic Books, 1985).

  Menard, Henry. Islands (New York: Scientific American, 1986).

  ———. The Ocean of Truth: A Personal History of Global Tectonics (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986).

  Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978).

  Mudgway, Douglas J. Uplink-Downlink: A History of the Deep Space Network 1957- 1997. NASA SP-2001-4227 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2001).

  Newell, Homer E. Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science. NASA SP-4211 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1980).

  Newitt, Malyn. A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668 (New York: Routledge, 2005).

  Nicks, Oran. Far Travelers: The Exploring Machines. NASA SP-480 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1985).

  Parry, J. H. The Age of Reconnaissance: Discovery, Exploration, and Settlement, 1450- 1650 (New York: Praeger, 1969).

  ———. The Discovery of the Sea (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981).

  Pyne, Stephen J. How the Canyon Became Grand: A Brief History (New York: Viking, 1998).

  ———. The Ice: A Journey to Antarctica (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1986).

  ———. “Seeking Newer Worlds: An Historical Context for Space Exploration,” pp. 7-36. In Steven J. Dick and Roger D. Launius, eds., Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2006).

  Roland, Alex, ed. A Spacefaring People: Perspectives on Early Space Flight (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1985).

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  Siddiqi, Asif A. Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000. Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA SP-2002-4524 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2002).

  Westwick, Peter J. Into the Black: JPL and the American Space Program 1976-2004 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007).

  Wilson, J. Tuzo. I.G.Y: The Year of the New Moons (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1961).

  Wolfe, Harry. The Transits of Venus (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1959).

  Wolverton, Mark. The Depths of Space: The Story of the Pioneer Planetary Probes (Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2004).

  USEFUL WEB SITES (ALL ACCESSED NOVEMBER 1, 2008)

  JPL

  JPL maintains two sites that are particularly pertinent, one on Voyager itself and one on solar system dynamics (Horizons) by which it is possible to calculate the ephemeris for both spacecraft.

  On Voyager: http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/index.htmlHorizons: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons

  NASA

  NASA has several useful sites on Voyager and on historical research.

  For Voyager: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/voyager/index.html and http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/voyager.html

  For historical publications, archives, and services, see: http://history.nasa.gov/series95.html

  THE PLANETARY SOCIETY

  See: http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/space_missions/voyager/

  USGS ASTROGEOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAM

  See: http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Missions/Voyager/

  Index

  ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)

  Achernar (star)

  Acta Astronautica

  Adrastea (Jovian moon)

  Africa, interior exploration of

  African Association

  Agel, Jerome

  Aguilar, Gerónimo de

  Air Force, U.S.

  Air New Zealand DC-10, crash of

  Alaska, discovery of

  Albuquerque, Afonso de

  Aldebaran (star)

  Aldrin, Buzz

  Alkaid (star)

  Alpha Centauri

  Alvin (submersible)

  Amalthea (Jovian moon)

  American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)

  American Astronomical Society

  American Museum of Natural History

  Ames Research Center

  Amundsen, Roald

  Andrews, Roy Chapman

  Antarctica:

  airplane crash in

  Amundsen in

  analogies to
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  competition for

  expedition timing to

  glory sought in

  governance of

  and IGY

  mapping of

  names in

  one of the last unexplored places

  robotic explorations in

  Scott in

  Shackleton in

  Terra Nova expeditions to

  tourism in

  Antarctic Treaty

  Apollo program

  costs of

  human crew of

  Moon landing of

  Moon rocks from

  as museum exhibit

  photo images from

  and space shuttle

  Apollo-Soyuz

  Aquila (constellation)

  Arctic

  Ariel (Uranus moon)

  Armstrong, Neil

  Army, U.S.

  Army Corps of Topographical Engineers

  Ashley, William H.

  Asimov, Isaac

  asteroid belt

  Astrolabe

  Atlantis

  Atlas/Agena rockets

  Atlas missiles (ICBM)

  Audubon, John James

  Australia:

  Aborigines of

  Endeavour in

  expedition timing for

  interior of

  Bach, Johann Sebastian

  Bacon, Francis

  Baffin, William

  Bahamas, discovery of

  Baines, Thomas

  Baker, Robert, Astronomy

  Baker, Samuel

  Ballard, Robert

  Banks, Joseph

  Barrows, John

  Beagle

  Beggs, James

  Bellingshausen, Thaddeus

  Benton, Thomas Hart

  Bering, Vitus Jonassen

  Berry, Chuck

  Birdseye Expedition

  Bohr, Niels

  Bomer, Karl

  Bonpland, Aimé

  Boswell, James

  Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de

  bow shock, described

  Bradbury, Ray

  The Martian Chronicles

  Bridger, Jim

  Britain:

  explorers from

  promoters in

  rivalries with

  British Interplanetary Society

  Brown, Jerry

  Bruce, James

  Brûlé, Etienne

  Buch, Christian Leopold von

  Burgess, Eric

  Burke and Wills expedition (Australia)

  Burroughs, Edgar Rice

  Bush II administration

  Byrd, Richard

  Byron, John

  Cabot, John

  Cabral, Pedro Álvars

  Callisto (Jovian moon)

  Caltech; see also Jet Propulsion Laboratory

  Cameron, A. G. W.

  Cameron, Verney Lovett

  Camões, Luiz Vaz de, Os Lusíads

  Campbell, Joseph

  Cano, Juan Sebastián del

  Canopus (star)

  Cape Canaveral, Florida

  Carina (constellation)

  Carlos IV, king of Spain

  Carreira da India

  Carson, Rachel, The Sea Around Us

  Carstensz, Jan

  Carter, Jimmy

  Carteret, Philip

  Cartier, Jacques

  Casani, John

  Cassini Division

  Cassini mission to Saturn

  Catherine the Great

  Cavendish, Thomas

  Caxton, William

  Centaur; see also Titan/ Centaur rockets

  Challenger (HMS)

  Challenger (space shuttle)

  Champlain, Samuel de

  Chappe d’Auteroche, Jean-Baptiste

  Charon (Pluto’s moon)

  Cherry-Garrard, Apsley

  China:

  missionaries to

  satellites of

  voyages of discovery

  Christian, Eric

  Church, Frederic

  Clark, William; see also Lewis and Clark

  Clarke, Arthur C.

  The Challenge of the Sea

  The Challenge of the Spaceship

  The Exploration of Space

  Interplanetary Flight

  Rama trilogy

  The Snows of Olympus

  2001: A Space Odyssey

  Clarke, Victor

  cold war:

  competition in

  duration of

  military priorities in

  and national security

  propaganda in

  and Sputnik

  Collier’s magazine

  Collins, Michael, Carrying the Fire

  Colorado River

  Columbus, Christopher

  and first discovery

  and First Great Age

  gold sought by

  inaccuracies of

  and land claims

  and landfall

  legacy of

  and natives

  and return

  self-promotion

  ships of

  Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby

  “common heritage” principle

  Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition

  Conan Doyle, Arthur, Lost World

  Congress, U.S.:

  and funding

  and national parks

  “Next Ten Years in Space”

  political hazards of

  and Sputnik

  Conrad, Joseph

  Heart of Darkness

  Cook, Captain James

  and encounters with natives

  and Endeavour

  orders to

  and return

  and scientific inquiry

  and ships

  as spark for future quests

  Voyages

  Cook, Frederick

  Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de

  Corps of Discovery; see also Enlightenment

  Cortés, Hernando

  Cortes, Martin, The Arte of Navigation

  Cosmos: A Personal Journey (PBS)

  Cosmos capsule

  Cousins, Norman

  Cousteau, Jacques

  Crocco, Gaetano Arturo

  Cutting, Joe

  Cygnet

  da Gama, Vasco

  commerce with India sought by

  difficulties of

  and First Great Age

  and Lusíads

  ships of

  voyage as grand gesture

  Dampier, William

  Dante Alighieri, Inferno

  Darwin, Charles

  A Naturalist’s Voyage Round the World

  and Beagle

  and evolution

  and Galapagos

  Davis, E. K.

  Davis, Esker

  Davis, John

  Deep Space Network (DSN)

  blind pointing

  Interagency Array Study

  and Pioneer

  tasks of

  upgrading facilities

  and Voyager 2

  Defense Department, Advanced Research Projects Agency

  Defoe, Daniel, Robinson Crusoe

  Delta Scorpii (star)

  de Soto, Hernando

  Despina (Neptune moon)

  Dias, Bartolomeu

  Diaz, Bernal

  Dione (Saturnian moon)

  discovery:

  first

  and first encounters

  first sightings

  great ages, see Great Ages of Discovery

  international law on

  and land claims

  moral shock of

  and names

  and national sovereignty

  of new worlds

  by people

  by robots

  souvenirs of

  Discovery to Antarctica

  Disney Studios

  Doppler shift

  Drake, Sir Francis

  Drake, Frank

  Druyan, Ann

 
; Dutch explorers

  Dutton, Clarence

  Dyson, Freeman

  Eagle orbiter

  Earth:

  exploration of; see also Great Voyages

  fire on

  gravitational pull of

  as pale blue dot

  photos of

  in planetary perspective

  radiation belts of

  scientific scan of

  Eden, Rycharde

  A Treatyse of the Newe India

  Egloffstein, F. W. von

  Ehricke, Krafft, Space Flight

  Eisenhower, Dwight D.

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo

  EMPIRE (Early Manned Planetary Roundtrip Expeditions)

  Enceladus (Saturnian moon)

  Endeavour

  Endurance

  Enlightenment:

  Corps of Discovery in

  and evolution

  motives for exploration in

  and natural history

  and natural philosophy

  and Second Great Age

  and solar system studies

  Enterprise of the Indies

  Epimetheus (Saturnian moon)

  equator, crossing

  Erebus

  Etzioni, Amitai

  The Moon-doggle

  Europa (Jovian moon)

  Europe:

  code of chivalry in

  competitions within

  and Enlightenment

  ethnocentricity of

  expansionism

  exploration era of

  grand tours of

  and Great Voyages

  imperialism of

  volcanoes of

  European Space Agency

  Evans, Arthur

  existentialism

  exploration:

  analogies to

  artistic images of

  and autonomy

  believers

  circumnavigation

  competition in

  cultural factors in

  cycles of

  doubters

  as elite activity

  and first encounters

  funding

  and the future

  and geopolitics

  as human impulse

  ideal seaman described

  inland

  interpreters for

  knowledge transfer in

  launch sequences of

  lumpers vs. splitters

  and mapping

  meanings and purposes of

  military vs. civilian aims of

  and moving beyond ourselves

  mythological aspects of

  and names

  national creation stories of

  and national sovereignty

  navigation and pilotage in

  points of departure

  political barriers to

 

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