by Ian Buruma
gifts, ref1
giri, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; and ninjo, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12; in yakuza code, ref13
‘Glass Castle, The’, ref1
gloves, white, ref1, ref2
gods (see also religion; Dread Female of Heaven; Izanagi; Izanami; Kannon; Okuninushi; Sarutahiko; Sun Goddess; Susanoo), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Gods, Way of the (see also Shinto), ref1
Goethe, ref1, ref2
government: pornography as weapon against, ref1; Tokugawa: and social pollution, ref2, criticism of forbidden, ref3, petitions to, ref4, replacement of, ref5, social oppression, ref6, urban control by, ref7
‘Great Buddha Pass, The’, ref1
Great Mirror of Manly Love, The, ref1
groups: expulsion from, ref1; identification with ref2, ref3, ref4; risk of non-conformity, ref5; structure and power, ref6; symbolism helps, ref7; tensions in, ref8
Growing Up, ref1, ref2
guilt feelings, ref1
‘Gutsu’ Ishimatsu (boxer), ref1
Hagakure, ref1, ref2, ref3
hahamono, see ‘mother things’
hara, ref1
hara-kiri, see seppuku
Hatano Tetsuro (critic), ref1
Heian nobles, ref1, ref2
heroes, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 (see also koha)
Hideyoshi (military ruler), ref1
hierarchy, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Hirata Atsutane (scholar), ref1
‘Hitori Tabi Gojusantsugi’, ref1
holidays, ref1
homosexuality, ref1, ref2
honne (private feelings), ref1, ref2, ref3
honour, see giri
hostesses, ref1, ref2
House of the Sleeping Beauties, ref1
Housefly in Winter, ref1
humility, yakuza, ref1
humour, ref1, ref2
I Am a Kamikaze, ref1
‘I Was Born, But …’, ref1
Ichijo Sayuri (stripper), ref1, ref2
iki, ref1, ref2
imitation, learning by, ref1, ref2, ref3
impersonation: female (see also onnagata), ref1; male, ref2, ref3
impotence, male, ref1, ref2, ref3
Inagaki Taruho (scholar), ref1
individualism: and conformity, ref1; and death, ref2, ref3; and group, ref4; hopelessness of, ref5; lack of opportunity for, ref6; suppression of, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10; of yakuza hero, ref11, ref12
industrialization, ref1
initiation: into manhood, ref1; into organizations, ref2
‘Insect Woman’, ref1
intellectuals (interi), ref1
‘Intentions of Murder’, ref1
irony, ref1
‘Irresponsible Series’, ref1
Ishiko Junzo (critic), ref1
‘It’s Hard To Be a Man’, ref1
Izanagi (god), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Izanami (god), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Japanese: isolation, ref1, ref2, ref3; origins, ref4; stereotype, ref5
‘Japanese Tragedy, A’, ref1
jealousy, ref1, ref2, ref3
Jewelled Sword, The, ref1
jingi (righteousness), ref1, ref2
judo, ref1
justice, meaningless to yakuza, ref1
Kabuki theatre: based on kata, ref1; bishonen played by onnagata, ref2; cruelty in, ref3; links with prostitution, ref4; as political protest, ref5; purification of, ref6; rules of, ref7; social tragedy and, ref8; spirit overcomes force in, ref9; transvestism in (see also onnagata), ref10
Kagura, ref1
Kaibara Ekiken (scholar), ref1
Kamakura period, ref1
kamikaze pilots, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Kamimura Kazuo (artist), ref1
kan (feeling), ref1
Kannon (goddess), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
kanzen choaku, ref1
kata (form), ref1, ref2, ref3
Kawai Hayao (psychiatrist), ref1
kazoku, ref1
Kikunoi House, ref1
kindness, see yasashii
Kinjiro of the Hard School, ref1
kinship, ref1
Kira Yoshinaka (nobleman) (see also ‘Chushingura’), ref1, ref2
Kita Ikki (radical), ref1
Kobayashi Ichizo (businessman), ref1
kobun (yakuza child-figures), ref1, ref2
koha (hard school) heroes, ref1
konjo (spirit), ref1
Kunisada (artist), ref1
Kuranosuke (Yuranosuke) (see also ‘Chushingura’), ref1
Kuruma Torajiro, see Tora-san
kyakubun (‘guest member’), ref1
kyoiku mamas, ref1
kyokyaku, ref1
‘Late Spring’, ref1, ref2
laughing festivals, ref1
leaders, see oyabun
learning, ref1, ref2, ref3
Leaves From a Journal of a Western Voyage, ref1
Letters from Sagawa, ref1
Life of an Amorous Woman, The, ref1, ref2
‘Life of O-Haru’, ref1
literature, Western influence on, ref1
‘Living’, ref1
loneliness, ref1, ref2
love (see also romance): in Chikamatsu’s plays, ref1; courtly, ref2; in Edo-period fiction, ref3; homosexuality as ideal, ref4; and loyalty, ref5; maternal, ref6; in Meiji-period literature, ref7; on stage, ref8; and suicide, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
‘Love and Sex’, ref1
love-life: drifters’ ref1; yakuza, ref2
loyalty: to group, ref1; to leader, ref2, ref3; love and, ref4
Madame X, A Story of Mother Love, ref1
Mainichi Shimbun, ref1
makoto, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
‘Man Vanishes, A’, ref1
Manyoshu, ref1
marriage, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; ceremonies, ref6, ref7
masochism, ref1
massage parlours, ref1
matriarchal society, ref1
matsuri, ref1
Meiji period, ref1, ref2
Meiji Restoration, ref1, ref2
men, see bishonen; drifters; fathers; ronin; salarymen; samurai; yakuza
Mercy, Goddess of, see Kannon
migration, rural–urban, ref1
Minamoto no Yoshitsune (bishonen), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Miwa Akihiro (female impersonator), ref1
Miyamoto Musashi (archetypal hero), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
modernity, yakuza fight, ref1, ref2
mono no aware, ref1, ref2, ref3
morality, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Moronao, see ‘Chushingura’
Morris, Ivan, ref1, ref2
‘Mother Behind My Eyes’, ref1, ref2
‘mother things’, ref1
mothers (see also children), ref1, ref2; nostalgia for, ref3, ref4; in pornographic films, ref5; power, ref6, ref7, ref8; prostitute’s role similar to, ref9, ref10, ref11
mothers-in-law, ref1, ref2
murder, ref1, ref2, ref3
myths, ref1, ref2, ref3
nanpa, ref1
Naomi, Naomism, ref1
nationalism, ref1, ref2, ref3
nature: love of, ref1, ref2; worship (see also Shinto), ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
nihirisuto (nihilist), ref1, ref2
Nihonjinron, ref1
Nihonshoki chronicle, ref1
ninjo (humanity), see giri
ninjobon stories, ref1
Nogi, General, and wife, ref1
nopan kissa, see coffee-shop
nostalgia: for childhood home, ref1, ref2; for mother, ref3, ref4; for traditional past, ref5, ref6
nudity, ref1
office ladies, ref1
Ogyu Sorai (scholar), ref1
O-Kuni (entertainer), ref1
Okuninushi (god), ref1
on, ref1
onnagata, ref1, ref2, ref3
oyabun (yakuza father-figure), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref
6
‘paradise’, ref1
patriarchal society, ref1
Patriotism, ref1
Peckinpah, Sam, ref1
pilgrimages, ref1
‘Pink Lady’, ref1
poems, love, ref1
politeness, ref1
politicians: assassination, ref1, ref2; conflicting obligations, ref3
pollution: blood, ref1, ref2; and purity, ref3; of death, ref4, ref5, ref6; fear of, ref7; of politics, ref8; urban, ref9; of women, ref10
‘Pool Without Water’, ref1
‘Pornographers, The’, ref1, ref2
pornography, ref1
power: maternal, ref1, ref2, ref3; in organizations, ref4; paternal, ref5, ref6; totalitarianism of, ref7
‘Presidential Gambling’, ref1
press, the, ref1
pressure groups, female, ref1
private life: and public role, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; and the group, ref5
Professor Unrat (Heinrich Mann), ref1
prostitutes and prostitution, ref1; as doll-women, ref2; guidebooks to, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; legislation on, ref7, impact of, ref8; licensed areas for, ref9; in literature, ref10, ref11; maternal role of, ref12, ref13
pubic hair, ref1, ref2
puppet theatre: Chikamatsu’s plays for, ref1; ‘Chushingura’, ref2, ref3; doll-women in, ref4; Western and Japanese compared, ref5
purification, ref1, ref2, ref3
purity (see also makoto): childhood, loss of, ref1; and pollution, ref2; of koha heroes, ref3; of motive, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
racialism, ref1
radicals, ref1, ref2
Rake’s Patois, The, ref1
rape, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
‘Realm of the Senses’, ref1, ref2
reason: and emotion, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; and social rules, ref5
rebels, ref1, ref2
‘Record of a Living Being’, ref1
‘Red Army’, ref1
refugees, ref1
religion (see also Buddhism; Christianity; gods; Shinto), ref1, ref2, ref3; transvestite origins in, ref4; and travel, ref5
responsibility, diffusion of, ref1
Ribbon on the Clock, ref1
ritual: aesthetic, ref1, ref2, ref3; play as, ref4, ref5; in yakuza films, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
role playing, ref1, ref2, ref3
romance (see also love): forbidden, ref1; marriage not, ref2, ref3, ref4
ronin (wave men), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
‘Rose of Versailles’, ref1
Sachiko’s Happiness, ref1
sadism, ref1
Sagara Naomi (singer), ref1
‘Salaryman Chushingura’, ref1
salarymen, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
salt, ref1
samurai (see also ronin): ethics (Hagakure), ref1, ref2; homosexuality, ref3; justice, ref4; nihirisuto, ref5; prostitutes and, ref6; romance and matrimony for, ref7; super, ref8
‘samuraization’, ref1
‘Sansho the Bailiff’, ref1
Sartre, Jean-Paul, ref1
Sarutahiko (god), ref1
Sasaki Kojiro (bishonen), ref1
Sato Tadao (critic), ref1, ref2, ref3
seishinshugi, ref1, ref2
sensitivity, ref1, ref2
seppuku (belly-slitting), ref1, ref2, ref3
sex: and death, ref1, ref2; fear of, ref3; in pornography, ref4, ref5; with prostitutes, ref6; not sinful, ref7, ref8
shamaness, ref1, ref2
shame, ref1
sharebon stories, ref1
Shinto, ref1; and Buddhism, ref2; and official morality, ref3; festivals (matsuri), ref4; matriarchal, ref5, ref6; nature worship, ref7, ref8, ref9; purification rituals, ref10, ref11, ref12; transvestism in, ref13; women in, ref14, ref15, ref16
Shirai Gompachi (bishonen), ref1, ref2
‘Showa Kyokyakuden’, ref1
sin, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
sincerity, see makoto
Singer, Kurt, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
social climbing, ref1
social code, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
social hierarchy, ref1, ref2
social obligations, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; nihirisuto, ref6; ninjo, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10; yakuza, ref11
social order, ref1
social rules, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; and yakuza, ref10
society, traditional, ref1, ref2
Soga warriors, ref1
Some Prefer Nettles, ref1
spirit, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
spontaneity, ref1
‘Story of the Last Chrysanthemum, The’, ref1
story-tellers, ref1, ref2
Strange Tale from East of the River, ref1, ref2
‘Stray Dogs’, ref1
Street of Primary Colours, ref1
‘Street of Shame’, ref1
striptease, ref1, ref2, ref3
‘Stupid Dad’, ref1
subversion, ref1
suffering: maternal, ref1, ref2; popular with audiences, ref3, ref4, ref5; resignation to, ref6; of yakuza heroes, ref7, ref8
‘Sugato Sanshiro’, ref1, ref2, ref3
suicide (see also seppuku): bishonen, ref1, ref2, ref3; lovers’, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; mothers’, ref8; order restored by, ref9; writers’, ref10
sun, as deity, ref1
Sun Goddess, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Susanoo, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Suzugamori, ref1
Sword, Way of the, ref1
symbolism, ref1, ref2, ref3
taboos, ref1, ref2
Takabatake Kasho (artist), ref1
Takao (courtesan), ref1
Takarazuka theatre, ref1, ref2
Takeyama Shinji, Lieutenant, ref1
Taki no Shiraito, the Water Magician, ref1
‘Tale of Genji, The’, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
‘Tale of the Forty-Seven Ronin, The’, see ‘Chushingura’
talentos, ref1, ref2
‘Tales from a Southern Island’, ref1
Tanaka, prime minister, ref1
Tanemura Suehiro (critic), ref1
tatemae (façade), ref1, ref2, ref3
‘Tattooer, The’, ref1
tayu, ref1, ref2
teahouses, ref1, ref2
television: artificiality on, ref1; career women in, ref2; commercials, ref3; Confucian morality on, ref4; home-dramas, ref5; ‘real-life’ programmes, ref6; super samurai on, ref7; super stars, see talentos; version of ‘Chushingura’ on, ref8
temper, loss of, ref1
terrorists, ref1
Textbook for Night-Life, ref1
theatre (see also Kabuki theatre; puppet theatre): of cruelty, ref1; and prostitution, ref2; love scenes in, ref3; taboos broken in, ref4; transvestite, ref5; travelling tradition, ref6
‘Theatre of Life’, ref1
Tobita Suishu (journalist), ref1
Toji Deluxe, ref1
Tokugawa, see government
‘Tokyo Drifter, The’, ref1
Tora-san (cult figure), ref1
‘Torajiro—the Paper Balloon’, ref1
‘Torajiro’s First Love’, ref1
torture, of women, ref1, ref2
toruko, ref1
Totoribe no Yorozu (hero), ref1
tradition, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
transvestite see theatre
Troubled Water, ref1, ref2
True Document Film’, ref1
tsu, ref1, ref2
Ueki Hitoshi (comedian), ref1
Ugly Females of the Underworld, ref1
Unfinished Dream, ref1
violence (see also murder), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
virgins, Takarazuka, ref1
von Stroheim, Erich, ref1
‘Wandering Life, A’, ref1
Wang Yang Ming (philosopher), ref1
water, ref1
‘water business’, ref1
Water Magician, The, ref1
wave men see ronin
‘Way of Art’, ref1
Way of the Sword, ref1
Western world, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Westerns, American, ref1, ref2
‘When the Foetus Goes Poaching’, ref1
Wind God see Susanoo
woman: eternal, ref1; ideal, ref2
women (see also marriage; mothers): aggression towards, ref1; attitude to, ref2, ref3; beauty, ref4; in Buddhism, ref5; as demons, ref6; employment of, ref7; as entertainers (see also pornography; prostitutes; striptease), ref8, male impersonation by, ref9, ref10; genitals, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; impersonation by men (see also onnagata) ref16, ref17; men attracted to maternal, ref18; pollution of, ref19, ref20, ref21; sexuality: men’s anxiety about, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25; passionate forces unleashed by, ref26, purification of, ref27, rape, ref28; in Shinto, ref29, ref30, ref31; social status of, ref32; subservience of, ref33; torture of, ref34, ref35; Western, ref36
‘Women of the Night’, ref1
yakuza (noble gangster), ref1
yakuza films, ref1, ref2, ref3
yasashii, ref1, ref2, ref3
Yoda Yoshikata (script-writer), ref1
Yoritomo (politician), ref1, ref2
Yoshitoshi (artist), ref1
Yoshitsune, see Minamoto
Yoshiwara (red-light district), ref1, ref2, ref3
Female with a monkey face on an old fertility stone
Fertility goddess with a male symbol
Stone phallus and vagina
Dance of The Dread Female of Heaven in the Nihon Tanjo (Birth of Japan), made in 1955 by Inagaki Hiroshi
Striptease, Japanese style
The lovers in Mizoguchi’s Taki no Shiraito (The Water Musicians)
Chutaro being rejected by his mother in Mother Behind My Eyes
The Mother of Japan (Mochizuki Yuko) trying to retrieve her son in Japanese Tragedy
Imamura Shohei’s favourite woman, Hidari Sachiko, in Insect Woman
Mother and son (The Golden Boy and Mountain Mother) in a print by Utamaro, 1796–9
Yamaguchi Momoe and Miura Tomokazu, the ‘Goruden Combi’, in one of their romantic films (Shunkincho)
Pathos in a ‘homu dorama’, entitled O-nesan (Sister)
The threatening female
Naomi dominating her slavish benefactor in a film of Tanizaki’s A Fool’s Love.
Directed by Masumura Yasuzo in 1967
The old man worshipping his daughter-in-law’ feet in a film of Tanizaki’s Diary of a Madman. Directed in 1962 by Kimura Keigo
Typical torture scene in a run-of-the-mill porn film (Onna Ukiyoburo)
