Reynolds, Lee, 329
Roberts, Geoffrey, 56
Robinson, Mary: elected President, 199; supports availability of contracep-tives, 291; resigns Presidency (1997), 304
Robinson, Peter, 246, 312–13
Rooney, Patrick, 213
Roslea, Fermanagh, 134
Round Table (journal), 57, 60
Royal Irish Regiment: home battalions disbanded, 357
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC): Catholic membership, 3–4; strength, 3; and communal disorder, 31–2; exchanges intelligence with Garda on IRA, 55; and Orange Order marches, 122, 125; and flags and emblems, 125–6, 133; barracks and personnel attacked by IRA, 134–5, 318, 337; and IRA's campaign in North (1956–62), 136; disarmed, 177; and civil rights marches, 201–3, 205; confrontations with militant Catholics, 209; Belfast riots against, 211–12, 215; and Derry disturbances, 212; Hunt recommends disarming, 214; and internment, 220–21; and ‘Ulsterization’ of security forces, 250–51; and interrogation of detainees, 251; US suspends sale of handguns to, 259; deaths from IRA violence, 315, 318, 336; supposed ‘shoot-to-kill’ policy, 317; reform proposals, 336, 345; killings by, 342; name and symbols changed, 347
Rugby, John Loader Maffey, 1st Baron, see Maffey, Sir John
Russell, Seán, 53
Russia: and collapse of communism, 322
Ryan, Eoin, 167
Ryan, Jim, 110–11
Safeguarding of Employment Act (Northern Ireland, 1947), 118
Sands, Bobby, 255–6, 279, 337
Sands-McKevitt, Bernadette, 337
Saor Uladh (organization), 133–4
Savage, Robert, 156
Saville Inquiry into Bloody Sunday (1997), 222
Sayers, Jack, 182–3, 187, 191
Scappaticci, Freddie (‘Stakeknife’), 350
Seanad (Irish Upper House), 15
Second Programme for Economic Expansion (1963), 153
Second World War (‘Emergency’ in Ireland): Irish neutrality policy, 26, 29, 50–52, 55–7, 59–63; Irish party attitudes to, 27; Northern attitudes to, 33–4
Sherlock, Joe, 281
shipbuilding: dominance as industry in North, 9, 42, 137–8; decline, 138
Short and Harland aircraft factory, 9, 41–2, 44–6, 138–9, 143, 155
Siemens-Schuckert (company), 53
Sinclair, Betty, 201–2
Sinclair, Maynard, 144
Sinn Féin: split over Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1–2; militancy, 3; and primacy of ending foreign control, 13–14; in election (1923), 17; attitude to Second World War, 27; economic policy, 109; contests parliamentary seats in North, 134; supports militancy in North, 134; supported by Catholic clergy, 136; vote declines in 1959 Westminster election, 136; 1959 election slump in Northern Ireland, 180; Adams proposes as campaigning political party, 252, 255; 1982 election success, 256; banned from broadcasting in Republic, 270; threat to SDLP, 296; Finlay advocates including in talks, 303; wins seat in Cavan–Monaghan (1997), 304; gains in popularity, 305; 2002 election gains, 308; in European election (2004), 309; and peace process, 311, 324, 336–7; ‘Armalite and ballot-box’ strategy, 314, 317; electoral prospects, 314–15; reaction to Anglo-Irish Agreement, 314–15; removes ban on attendance at Dáil, 314; negotiates with SDLP for pact, 321; radio/TV ban removed in Irish Republic, 326; and decommissioning issue, 334, 336, 339, 345; success in Northern Ireland Forum elections, 334; in local government elections (Northern Ireland 1996), 335; excluded from peace talks, 338; political successes, 341; Trimble bans from attending ministerial council meetings, 344; in 2001 general election, 345; dominates northern nationalism, 348; negotiations with UUP, 351; in November 2003 Assembly election, 352; government office holders, 353; and raid on Northern Bank, 354; gains in 2005 election, 355; DUP negotiates with, 357; supports police reforms, 358
Sinn Féin-The Workers' Party (SFWP) see Workers' Party, The
Sinnott, Richard, 289
Six Counties Men's Association, 30
Smith, Patrick, 80, 167
Smyth, Father Brendan, 294
Smyth, Revd Martin, 225, 230, 241, 244, 257, 350
Social Democratic Labour Party (SDLP): proposed inclusion in government, 223; Faulkner seeks deal with, 231; mistrusted by Ulster Unionists, 232; success in 1973 Assembly election, 232; origins and support, 233, 238; membership and principles, 235–6; policy statement Towards a New Ireland (1972), 236; radicalization, 236; benefits from ceasefire, 238; delegation meets Whitelaw, 238; election successes (1973), 238; and proposed power-sharing with South, 239; at Sunningdale Conference, 240; in Stormont negotiations with Whitelaw for power-sharing Executive, 240; and Council of Ireland, 241, 243; in 1974 general election, 242; and UWC strike, 243; Craig proposes coalition with, 244; and Wilson's proposals for Northern Ireland independence, 248; and marginalization of republicans, 249; and collapse of Executive, 253; Fitt and Paddy Devlin resign from, 254; nationalist inclination, 254; abstains from Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election, 256; boycotts Prior's Assembly, 257; Sinn Féin threat to, 296, 334; loses Catholic support, 304; reaction to Anglo-Irish Agreement, 313–14, 319, 321; Adams proposes alliance with, 315, 317, 321; demands joint authority in Northern Ireland, 319; in 1992 election, 321; and peace process, 338; success in 1998 Assembly elections, 341; in 2001 general election, 345; in November 2003 Assembly election, 352; gains in 2005 election, 355
Soskice, Sir Frank, 195–6
South Armagh Republican Action Force, 252
South, Sean, 135
Soviet Union, 64, 68
Special Air Services (SAS), 316
Special Constabulary: constituted, 3; Catholic membership, 4
Special Powers Act, 31–2, 122, 141; repealed, 250
Spence, Gusty, 227
Spender, Sir Wilfrid, 6, 10–11, 26, 35–7, 39, 43
Spring, Dan, 284
Spring, Dick: leads Irish Labour Party, 284; in coalition government (1982), 285; 1992 election success, 298–9; coalition with Reynolds, 299–300; hostility to Bruton, 299–300; rela-ons with Reynolds, 301–3; Northern Ireland policy, 302–3; tensions with de Rossa, 303; six democratic principles on settlement in Northern Ireland, 325; demands disarming as condition of negotiation, 326
Stalker, John, 317–18
Standard (Catholic weekly), 70–71
Statistics of Trade Bill (Northern Ireland), 118
Steele, Jimmy, 211
sterling: devalued (1949), 106
Stewart, W.J., 36
Sunningdale Conference (1973), 239–41, 248, 268
Sweetman, Gerard, 108–10
Taca (organization), 169–70
‘Tallaght Strategy’, 287, 290
Taylor, John, 192, 230, 247
Teebane Cross, County Tyrone, 321
television: influence in Republic, 165–6; effect in Northern Ireland, 182–3
Thatcher, Margaret: favours Anglo-Irish framework for agreement, 247, 259; Molyneaux's relations with, 247, 257, 331; and DeLorean project, 253; and prisoners’ hunger strike, 256; supposed Unionist sympathies, 257, 332; signs Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985), 258, 313, 317; and relations with USA, 259; and Unionist rejection of Anglo-Irish Agreement, 260; Lynch agrees to request for British use of Irish air space, 276; Haughey's relations with, 278–96; negotiations with FitzGerald, 295, 297; on policing of Northern Ireland, 317–18
Third Programme (1969–72), 153 32–County Sovereignty Movement, 337
Thornley, David, 161
Tilson judgment (1950), 102
Tonight (TV programme), 183
Topping, Colonel Ken, 184
Townshend, Charles, 73
trade union movement: and Irish Labour party, 22, 24; in wartime Northern Ireland, 44–6; divided, 67–71; relations with Lemass, 67, 107, 160, 167; and post-war industrial unrest, 85; and affiliation to International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, 94; and economic situation in Northern Ireland, 140; reunified (1959), 151; pay demands, 159; negotiations with employers, 160; political affiliations, 160–61; state confr
ontation with, 160; demonstrates and strikes against tax inequity, 275; wins welfare benefits from Haughey, 278; supports Haughey on return to power (1987), 286–7
Treacy, Seán, 149
Trimble, David: Paisley clasps hands with, 331; and Portadown Orange march (1995), 331; qualities, 331–2; on IRA ceasefire, 332; favours negotiations, 333–4; and Clinton's Northern Ireland policy, 336; and Good Friday Agreement, 338–41, 347; demands on weapons issue, 342–3, 351; position weakened, 342; bans Sinn Féin from attending ministerial council meetings, 344; threatens resignation, 344–5; and IRA's decommissioning, 346, 355; re-elected as First Minister (2001), 346; optimism, 347, 358; and delays to peace process, 350; and party divisions, 350, 352; shakes hands with Adams, 351; and November 2003 Assembly election, 352; and Northern Bank robbery and McCartney murder, 355; displaced by DUP, 357
Trinity College, Dublin: Catholic hostility to, 91
TUAS (republican strategy document), 327, 338
tuberculosis: in Emergency, 66; campaign against, 89–90
Tully, James, 271
Tullyvallen Orange Hall, 252
Turf Development Board, 22, 66
Tuzo, General Sir Harry, 220, 222
Twomey, Seamus, 237
U2 (band), 340
Ulster Defence Association (UDA), 227–8, 242, 321, 324–5, 333, 345
Ulster Defence Regiment, 214, 219, 250, 315
Ulster Democratic Party (UDP), 333
Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF), 227, 321, 325
Ulster Protestant Action, 181–2, 227
Ulster Protestant League (UPL), 10
Ulster Protestant (monthly), 125
Ulster Resistance (group), 312–13
Ulster Transport Authority, 190
Ulster Unionist Council (UUC), 8, 190, 209, 219, 223, 230–31, 239, 241, 331, 343–4, 350
Ulster Unionist Labour Association, 10, 45
Ulster Unionist Party: and devolution, 1; resists rule from Dublin, 2; links with Orange Order, 7; in 1945 election, 49; and wartime defence, 58–9; on Catholic dominance in South, 102; and British socialism, 114–15; 1953 election losses, 119; propaganda against South, 120; local government dominance, 122; loses support of Protestant working-class, 136, 142–3; in 1962 election, 143; Catholic membership question, 180–81; and O'Neill's planning, 189–90; divisions and factionalism, 190–91, 350–51; in 1965 election, 191; relations with British Conservative Party, 196, 257; and civil rights movement, 199, 202; loyalty crisis (1968), 206; in 1969 election, 208; opposition to reform, 219; and threat of direct rule, 225–6; defections from, 230–31; loses power under direct rule, 231–2; in 1973 Assembly election, 232; and constitutional White Paper (1973), 232; in Stormont negotiations with Whitelaw (1973), 239; at Sunningdale Conference, 240; and proposed Council of Ireland, 241; in 1974 general election, 242; challenged by Vanguard and DUP, 244; under West's leadership, 244–5; DUP's electoral successes against, 246–7, 353; Molyneaux leads, 247, 257; response to New Ireland Forum's proposals for united Ireland, 297; and Anglo-Irish Agreement, 312, 318, 328–9; disfavours power-sharing devolution, 313; pact with DUP, 313; flexibility in negotiations, 319; Major's dependence on parliamentary support, 320; and Framework Document, 329; in Northern Ireland Forum elections (1996), 333; on power-sharing in Northern Ireland, 338–9; and demands for arms decommissioning, 339, 343; and Good Friday Agreement, 339–40; in European elections (1998), 343; relations with Sinn Féin in government, 344; general election losses (2001), 345; negotiations with Sinn Féin (2003), 351; in November 2003 Assembly election, 352; losses in 2005 election, 355
Ulster Vanguard (organization), 225–7, 229
Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF): formed (1913), 2; reconstituted as Special Constabulary, 3; re-formed (1966), 227; and UWC, 242, 244; explodes car-bombs in Dublin and Monaghan, 270; campaigns against Sinn Féin activists, 321; and Progressive Unionist Party, 333
Ulster Workers' Council (UWC), 242–5, 248, 253
Undeveloped Areas Act (1952), 106
Unemployment Assistance Act (1933), 22
Unionist Council of the West, 190
Unionist Labour Party, 116
United States of America: and Irish international relations, 97–8; and Irish partition question, 98; international dominance, 130; Hume proposes intervention by, 154; arms purchases in, 174; civil rights movement, 194, 201; Provisional IRA imports weapons from, 218; opposes British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, 248; Irish seek influence for constitutional nationalism in, 259; suspends sale of handguns to RUC, 259; companies in Ireland, 261; Adams visits, 302, 323, 327; as sole superpower, 322; Irish lobby and support in, 323–4, 327; excludes Adams and McGuinness from 2005 St Patrick's Day celebrations, 354
United Ulster Action Council, 245–6
United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC), 241–2, 244–6
United Ulster Unionist Movement, 245
Ussher, Arland, 60
Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party (VUPP), 230, 232, 241, 244
Vanoni Plan (Italy, 1954), 110
Vatican Council, Second (1962), 164, 291
Voice of the North, The (newspaper), 174
wage policy (Irish Republic), 151–2, 159–60, 267, 274
Wakehurst, John de Vere Loder, 2nd Baron, 184
Walker, Graham, 329
Walshe, Joseph, 53, 60
Warnock, Edmond, 38
Warrenpoint, County Down, 250
Warrington: IRA bomb attack in, 320
Way Forward, The (economic policy document), 284
West, Harry, 219, 224, 230, 244–5, 247, 256
West Ulster Unionist Council, 219
Whelehan, Harry, 303
Whicker, Alan, 183
Whitaker, T. K.: as Secretary of Department of Finance, 110, 171; and Lemass's economic policy, 111–12, 152, 169, 171; Economic Development, 111–12, 146, 150, 164; chairs National Industrial Economic Council, 151; opposes publicly funded broadcasting service, 165; relations with Lynch, 169, 171; on improving relations with unionists, 171, 173; and Haughey, 173, 176; economic policy, 261; as Governor of Central Bank, 263
Whiteabbey Sanatorium, Belfast, 40
Whitelaw, William, 229, 237–8, 239–41, 248
Whyte, John, 296
Wichert, Sabine, 118
William III (of Orange), King, 8
Williams, Tom, 33–4
Wilson, Harold: on lack of economic cooperation between Britain and Northern Ireland, 41; and O'Neil's meeting with Lemass, 157; and O'Neill's governmental changes, 189; deplores religious discrimination, 195; and O'Neill's administration, 195–8, 200, 203, 205, 207–8; on Derry violence, 203, 205, 297; dispatches troops to Derry, 212; threatens direct rule, 213–14, 218; policy of support for Northern Ireland government, 215; readiness to meet Provisionals, 225; denounces UWC strike, 243; and elections for Constitutional Convention, 244; believes in Irish unity, 248; proposes British withdrawal from Northern Ireland, 248, 268; Hume attacks, 253
Wilson, Robin, 339
Wilson, Thomas, 187–8
Wolfe Tone Society, 198
women: in workforce, 290–91
Women's Coalition see Northern Ireland Women's Coalition
Women's Parliament, 85, 148
Woolwich: IRA bombing in, 249
Workers’ Party, The (earlier Sinn Féin-The Workers’ Party; SFWP), 281–7, 289, 300, 314
Workers' Union of Ireland, 24
Workman Clark (Belfast shipyard), 9
World in Action (TV programme), 298
Wright, Sir Oliver, 196, 215–16
Yeats, William Butler, 15
Young Socialist Alliance, 203, 207
Your Questions (TV programme), 182
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