by Ron Chernow
12. Ziegler, Sixth Great Power, p. 292.
13. Ibid., p. 291.
14. Wheeler, Pierpont Morgan & Friends, p. 228.
15. Allen, Great Pierpont Morgan, p. 178.
16. NYT, August 11, 1963.
17. Forbes, J. P. Morgan, Jr., p. 49.
18. Wade, Titanic, p. 33.
19. Hulderman, Albert Ballin, pp. 49–50.
20. NYT, April 29, 1902.
21. NYT, April 20, 1902.
22. Cecil, Albert Ballin, p. 57.
23. Ziegler, Sixth Great Power, p. 296.
24. Ibid., p. 298.
25. Wecter, Saga of American Society, p. 123.
26. GWP, Box 5, cable to Theodore Roosevelt, September 14, 1901.
27. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, p. 245.
28. Ibid., p. 256.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., p. 272.
32. Ibid., p. 277.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid., p. 264.
35. Garraty, Right-Hand Man, p. 84.
36. Ibid., p. 89.
37. Carosso, Morgans, p. 479.
38. GWP, Box 6, letter to J. P. Morgan, Sr., July 30, 1902.
39. Garraty, Right-Hand Man, p. 141.
40. GWP, Box 9, letter to J. P. Morgan, Sr., June 10, 1908.
41. CUOH-WJS, pp. 28–29.
42. White, Autobiography, pp. 459, 484, 490.
43. Garraty, Right-Hand Man, p. 219.
44. Schlesinger, Crisis of the Old Order, p. 21.
45. Winkler, Morgan the Magnificent, p. 284.
46. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 169.
47. Ibid., p. 162.
48. Satterlee, J. Pierpont Morgan, p. 437.
49. Carosso, Morgans, p. 645.
50. JPMJ, Box 6, Folder 3, letter to Frances Tracy Morgan, January 2, 1900.
51. JPMI, Box 7, Folder 1, letter to Frances Tracy Morgan, April 3, 1901.
52. Smalley, Anglo-American Memories, p. 226.
53. Beebe, Big Spenders, pp. 285–86.
54. Ibid.
55. Winkler, Morgan the Magnificent, p. 10.
56. Josephson, Robber Barons, p. 293.
57. Kobler, Otto the Magnificent, pp. 72–73.
58. Winkler, Morgan the Magnificent, p. 7.
59. Allen, Great Pierpont Morgan, p. 4.
60. Cashman, America in the Gilded Age, p. 38.
61. Winkler, Morgan the Magnificent, p. 136.
62. Robertson, My Aunt Maxine, pp. 200–201.
63. Nicolson, Portrait of a Marriage, p. 59.
64. Jackson, J. P. Morgan, p. 293.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid., p. 312.
67. Sampson, Money Lenders, p. 65.
68. Jackson, J. P. Morgan, p. 249.
69. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 205.
70. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., June 23, 1911.
71. SEP, August 26, 1922.
72. NYT, December 16, 1956. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 207.
73. JSM, Extracts of Correspondence—Edward C. Grenfell—Count Maurice de Bosdari, p. 88.
74. RCL, Group 1030, Series I, Box 7, Folder 169, memorandum to Robert Gordon Wasson, February 23, 1945.
CHAPTER SEVEN: PANIC
1. JPMJ, Box 31, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., March 25, 1907.
2. Ibid., cable from J. P. Morgan, Sr., March 25, 1907.
3. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, p. 436.
4. Garraty, Right-Hand Man, p. 206.
5. Chandler, Benjamin Strong, p. 28.
6. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 179
7. HLS, Folder 2, notes of Ben Strong about Henry P. Davison.
8. Ibid., memorandum from George W. Perkins about the Panic of 1907, p. 6.
9. Allen, Great Pierpont Morgan, p. 202.
10. Satterlee, J. Pierpont Morgan, p. 474.
11. Ibid., p. 479.
12. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 189.
13. Lamont, Across World Frontiers, p. 37.
14. Allen, Great Pierpont Morgan, p. 207.
15. Allen, Lords of Creation, p. 139.
16. Ibid., p. 142.
17. Link, Road to the White House, p. 116.
18. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 226.
19. GWP, Box 9, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., July 23, 1908.
20. BM, July/August 1984.
21. Kolko, Railroads and Regulations, p. 179.
22. GWP, Box 9, letter to J. P. Morgan, Sr., February 29, 1909.
23. Attali, p. 57.
24. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to J. S. Morgan & Co., October 25, 1909.
25. Croly, Willard Straight, p. 339.
26. JPMJ, Box 32, cable from J. P. Morgan, Sr., June 3, 1909.
27. Carosso, Morgans, p. 553.
28. Ibid.
29. Swanberg, Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, p. 257.
30. Croly, Willard Straight, p. 381.
31. Swanberg, Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, p. 271.
32. Ibid., p. 299.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid., p. 310.
35. Croly, Willard Straight, pp. 394, 399.
36. Swanberg, Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, p. 309.
37. Croly, Willard Straight, p. 397.
38. Ibid., p. 418.
39. Ibid., pp. 436–38.
40. Ibid.
41. Carosso, Morgans, p. 574.
42. Swanberg, Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, pp. 337–38.
43. Carosso, Morgans, p. 561.
44. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to Edward C. Grenfell, February 19, 1912.
CHAPTER EIGHT: TITANIC
1. Wheeler, Pierpont Morgan & Friends, p. 134.
2. Hovey, Life Story of J. Pierpont Morgan, p. 313.
3. Wheeler, Pierpont Morgan & Friends, p. 132.
4. Ibid.
5. Jackson, J. P. Morgan, p. 237.
6. Steffens, Autobiography, p. 694.
7. Marbury, My Crystal Ball, p. 153.
8. Ibid., p. 152.
9. Barron, They Told Barron, p. 34.
10. GWP, Box 10, letter to J. P. Morgan, Sr., May 10, 1910.
11. Garraty, Right-Hand Man, p. 234.
12. BM, July/August 1984.
13. Ibid.
14. Lamont, Henry P. Davison, p. 121.
15. Ibid., p. 232.
16. Lamont, Across World Frontiers, p. 58.
17. NYT, February 3, 1948.
18. Lamont, Across World Frontiers, p. 40.
19. Ibid., p. 46.
20. JPMJ, Reminiscences of J. P. Morgan, Jr., p. 11.
21. JPMJ, Box 32, cable from J. P. Morgan, Sr., April 15, 1912.
22. Wade, Titanic, p. 448.
23. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., April 19, 1912.
24. NYT, August 11, 1963, showing cartoon from Philadelphia PublicLedger, 1912.
25. Link, Road to the White House, pp. 128–29.
26. HPD, letter to Morgan Grenfell & Co., October 26, 1911.
27. Ibid., letter to J. P. Morgan, Jr., October 30, 1911.
28. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, p. 552.
29. Garraty, Right-Hand Man, p. 265.
30. Davis, Hero, p. 46.
31. Link, Road to the White House, p. 443.
32. Greider, Secrets of the Temple, p. 275.
33. JPMJ, Box 7, Folder 8, letter to Vivian Hugh Smith, July 27, 1911.
34. Ibid., letter to Edward C. Grenfell, August 9, 1911.
35. Ibid., Box 32, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., April 25, 1912.
36. HPD, cable from J. P. Morgan, Jr., October 27, 1913.
37. Cruikshank, A Delicate Experiment, p. 100.
38. JPMJ, Box 32, cables from Thomas W. Lamont to Henry P. Davison, May 3, 1912, and from Henry P. Davison to J. P. Morgan, Jr., and Thomas W. Lamont, May 4, 1912.
39. TWL, Box 91, Folder 1, letter to Henry P. Davison, June 1, 1911.
40. Carosso, Morgans, p. 620.
41. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., February 2, 1911.
42. Allen, Great Pierpont Morgan, p. 8.
; 43. Carosso, Morgans, p. 633.
44. U.S. Congress, House, Testimony before the Money Trust Investiga tion, p. 92.
45. Ibid., p. 21.
46. Ibid., p. 67.
47. Ibid., p. 57.
48. Harbaugh, Lawyer’s Lawyer, p. 320.
49. Birmingham, “Our Crowd,” p. 343.
50. IPMJ, Box 32, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., December 20, 1912.
51. Forbes, J. P. Morgan, Jr., p. 71.
52. Hinton, Meyer, and Rodd, Comments about the Morgan Bank, p. 25.
53. Satterlee, J. Pierpont Morgan, p. 569.
54. JPMJ, Box 32, cable from Louisa Satterlee, February 13, 1913.
55. Ibid., cable from Louisa Satterlee, February 16, 1913.
56. NYT, December 16, 1956.
57. Satterlee, J. Pierpont Morgan, p. 583.
58. Ibid., p. 416.
59. Carosso, Morgans, p. 642.
60. JPMI, Letter Press Book 14, Box 10, letter to ?, March 14, 1914.
61. Carosso, Morgans, p. 644.
62. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to Louisa Satterlee, April 9, 1913.
63. ME, Morgan Firm, Folder 5.
64. Hughes, Vital Few, p. 404.
65. Greider, Secrets of the Temple, pp. 268–69.
CHAPTER NINE: METAMORPHOSIS
1. FD, May 1926.
2. Ibid.
3. CUOH-GW, p. 33.
4. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 12, Box 18, letter to Mrs. William Hooper, May 26, 1916.
5. JPMJ, Box 147, letter to Eliot Tuckerman, July 12, 1915.
6. NYK, February 2, 1929.
7. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 16, Box 11, letter to Messrs. Lincoln Bennett & Co., February 3, 1915.
8. Forbes, J. P. Morgan, Jr., p. 137.
9. NYT, August 11, 1950.
10. JPMJ, Box 32, cable to J. P. Morgan, Sr., June 24, 1912.
11. FO, August 1933.
12. Forbes, J. P. Morgan, Jr., p. 45.
13. NYT, December 16, 1956.
14. Samuels, Bernard Berenson, p. 158.
15. Sinclair, Corsair, p. 232.
16. Kolko, Railroads and Regulations, pp. 156, 160.
17. GWP, Box 9, letter to J. P. Morgan, Sr., May 15, 1908.
18. Allen, Great Pierpont Morgan, p. 187.
19. Weller, New Haven Railroad, p. 51.
20. White, Puritan in Babylon, p. 97.
21. Weller, New Haven Railroad, p. 3.
22. Ibid., p. 46.
23. Ibid., p. 7.
24. Ibid., p. 149.
25. Carosso, Morgans, p. 607.
26. JPMJ, Box 32, cable from J. P. Morgan, Sr., March 24, 1910.
27. HPD, cable from J. P. Morgan & Co. to J. P. Morgan, Jr., December 11, 1913.
28. TWL, Box 84, Folder 16, Transcript of Meeting at University Club, December 2, 1913.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 14, Box 10, letter to Hon. Henry White, June 5, 1914.
32. Kettl, Leadership at the Fed, pp. 20–21.
33. NYK, November 16, 1987, p. 81.
CHAPTER TEN: WAR
1. HPD, cable from J. P. Morgan, Jr., to Herman Harjes, October 30, 1912.
2. Nicolson, Dwight Morrow, p. 166.
3. McAdoo, Crowded Years, p. 290.
4. Noyes, Market Place, p. 249.
5. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 15, Box 11, letter to ?, September 14, 1914.
6. ME, Morgan Firm, Folders 4 and 5, Statement before Senate Munitions Committee, January 7, 1936.
7. TWL, Box 91, Folder 2, cables from Henry P. Davison, August 4 and 7, 1914.
8. NYT, October 14, 1935.
9. Cherny, Righteous Cause, p. 46.
10. Link, Wilson, p. 64.
11. Colby, DuPont Dynasty, p. 187.
12. Swanberg, Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress, p. 348.
13. Lamont, Henry P. Davison, p. 6.
14. Burk, Britain, p. 19.
15. Ibid., p. 21.
16. Forbes, Stettinius, Sr., p. 74.
17. Ibid., p. 49.
18. Seymour, Intimate Papers of Colonel House, p. 98.
19. CUOH-BB, p. 160.
20. Hyde, Lord Reading, p. 185
21. Colby, DuPont Dynasty, p. 186.
22. JPMJ, Box 147, letter from Thomas W. Lamont, July 1, 1915.
23. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 16, Box 11, letter to Sir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice, January 6, 1915.
24. Notes of Examination of Frank Holt, by Charles MacDonald, M.D., in the Nassau County Jail, July 6, 1915, Pierpont Morgan Library.
25. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 12, Box 17, letter to F. W. Stevens, August 19, 1915.
26. Ibid., letter to John Callahan, August 9, 1915.
27. Ibid., Box 147, letter to Edward C. Grenfell, July 28, 1915.
28. Ibid., Letter Press Book 14, Box 21, letter to Morris Whitridge, August 13, 1917.
29. CUOH-GW, p. 81.
30. Birmingham, “Our Crowd,” p. 344.
31. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 15, Box 11, letter to Edward C. Grenfell, Sep tember 20, 1914.
32. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 16, Box 11, to Jacob Schiff, February 3, 1915.
33. Nicolson, Dwight Morrow, pp. 188–89.
34. JPMJ, Box Cabinet 3, Drawer 2.1, memorandum from Ray Stannard Baker about foreign affairs, p. 13; letter from Robert Lansing to Woodrow Wilson, September 6, 1915.
35. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 15, Box 11, letter to Edward C. Grenfell, September 5, 1914.
36. NYK, February 9, 1929.
37. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 12, Box 17, letter to Edward C. Grenfell, November 15, 1915.
38. Birmingham, “Our Crowd,” p. 344.
39. Ibid., p. 363.
40. MGR, letter from David Lloyd George, December 10, 1917.
41. J. P. Morgan & Co., America and Munitions, p. 15.
42. Burk, Britain, America, and the Sinews of War, 1914–1918, pp. 88–89.
43. Ibid., p. 89.
44. Swanberg, Whitney Father, p. 355.
45. JSM, Extracts of Correspondence, Edward C. Grenfell, Great War, 1914–15, pp. 101–2.
46. JPMJ, Edward C. Grenfell File, letter from Edward C. Grenfell, April 29, 1920.
47. CUOH-GR, pp. 165–66.
48. BM, July/August 1984.
49. JPMJ, Letter Press Book 15, Box 11, letter to Herman Harjes, September 20, 1914.
50. JPMJ, Edward C. Grenfell File, letter to Edward C. Grenfell, August 9, 1917.
51. Nicolson, Diaries & Letters, p. 76.
52. Ibid.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: EXPLOSION
1. Burk, “House of Morgan in Financial Diplomacy,” p. 4.
2. JPMJ, Box Cabinet 3, Drawer 2.2., digest of Nye Hearings, p. 4.
3. Lamont, Across World Frontiers, p. 80.
4. Lindbergh, Flower and the Nettle, p. xxv.
5. Lamont, Across World Frontiers, p. 193.
