Berlin: Overy, pp. 264–7. Erickson, Berlin, p. 522. Zhukov III, pp. 211–4, 219–24, 242–5; IV, pp. 125, 226. Zhukov in Bialer (ed.), pp. 512–3; Koniev, pp. 513–6, 527. I. S. Koniev, Sorok pyatyi, pp. 91–3. S. Shtemenko, Generalny shtab v gody voiny, pp. 328–31. Beevor, Berlin, pp. 146–7, 206, 244, 343, 358: “April Fool” and “largest firepower ever assembled.” Yakov: Mgeladze, pp. 198–9. Harriman-Abel, p. 440. FDR: Mgeladze, pp. 130, 137. Simonov, “Zametki,” p. 60. Koniev, pp. 116–7. IA, 1992:2.
44: THE BOMB
Hitler: Mgeladze, p. 137: the dinner was in 1950. Zhukov III, pp. 244–66, 271; IV, pp. 269–70. Krebs in Moscow: Gorodetsky, p. 198. Overy, pp. 277–8. Elena Rzhevskaya, “B tot den pozdnei oseni” in S. S. Smirnov, Marshal Zhukov: kakim my ego pomnim, pp. 292–5. German letters and interrogations of Göring etc. GARF r9401.2.97.159–217, 366–445, Beria to Stalin 6 July 1945 and Serov to Stalin 17 July 1945.
Victory: Voronov in Bialer (ed.), pp. 558–9; Yakovlev, p. 561. Zhukov III, pp. 271–9. Vyshinsky and Zhukov: D. D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 1667. Vaksberg, Vyshinsky , p. 251. KR I, p. 240. Svetlana, Twenty Letters, p. 193. Sudoplatov, p. 171. J. V. Stalin, Vystuplenie na prieme v Kremle v chest komman duyushchikh voiskami Krasnoi Armii, Works, ed. Robert McNeal, vol. 2, 1941–5, pp. 203–4. Holloway, p. 265. Parade: Zhukov III, pp. 304–8; IV, p. 297. Spahr, Zhukov, p. 192. Rzhevskaya, “B tot den pozdnei oseni,” p. 300. Yakovlev in Bialer (ed.), pp. 561–2; Kuznetsov, p. 562; Voronov, p. 559. GARF 9401c.3.99, NKVD Album of Victory Parade. Anfilov, Zhukov, Stalin’s Generals, p. 357. Zubok, p. 1. Vladimir Karpov, Marshal Zhukov: Opala, pp. 80–3. Vyshinsky and Poskrebyshev’s pickle: Vaksberg, Vyshinsky, p. 278. N. G. Kuznetsov, Memoirs, p. 110. Stalin bounds up steps ahead of fatties like Beria and Malenkov, Sergo B, p. 140.
RGASPI 558.11.775.122, O. Meshakova to Stalin 8 May 1945. Djilas, p. 106. Generalissimo/Promotions: MR, pp. 175–6. V. Tukov in Rybin, Oktyabre 1941, p. 41. Promotions 9 July 1945: I. I. Kuznetsov, “KGB General Naum Isakovich Eitingon 1899–1991,” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, Mar. 2001, p. 375. Brooks, Thank You C. Stalin, p. 186. Volkogonov, pp. 500, 525. Radzinsky, p. 523. Merkulov became General of the Army; Kobulov, Abakumov, Serov, Colonel-Generals. Most magnates were already Generals: Khrushchev, Lieutenant-Gen. Zhdanov Col.-Gen. Nosenko joke: Sovershenno Sekretno, 3, 2000, pp. 12–14.
Potsdam: GARF r9401c.2.97. 124–30, Beria to Stalin and Molotov 2 July 1945. On arrangements with English and Americans: GARF r9401c.2.97. 73-6, Beria to Stalin, Molotov and Antonov n.d. Stalin always tired: Gromyko, Memoirs, p. 100. Sergo B, pp. 15–18. Churchill 6, pp. 548–79. Zhukov III, pp. 325–36. N. G. Pavlenko, “Razmyshleniya o sudbe polkovodtsa” in VIZh, no. 12, pp. 30–1. Natalya Poskrebysheva; Nadezhda Vlasik: fathers at Postdam. Kuznetsov, Memoirs, p. 111–3: waiting at the station. Gromyko, pp. 97–114, Bohlen, pp. 227–40. Harriman-Abel, pp. 484–93. Overy, pp. 281–4. Charles L. Mee, Jr., Meeting at Potsdam, pp. 77, 90–3, 96–105, 118–120, 171–5, 218. Record of private conversation between PM and Generalissimo Stalin after Plenary session 17 July 1945 at Potsdam , PREM 3/430/7 Doc. 70, Churchill and Stalin. On Truman/ A-bomb: Mgeladze, pp. 130, 170. I like Stalin, Pendergast: Truman to wife, quoted in Roy Jenkins, Truman, p. 72. Sergo B, pp. 115–7. Stalin distrusts scientists, Molotov’s slowness, appoints Beria, Holloway, pp. 35, 117–9. Sudoplatov, p. 178. GARF 9401.2.97.283–99, Beria to Stalin, Molotov, Malenkov 8 July 1945 in Beevor, Berlin, pp. 324–5. N. Riehl and F. Seitz, Stalin’s Captive Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb, p. 152. We need to get started: Medvedev, Neiznestnyi Stalin, no. 3 (1985), p. 8. Stalin and the atom bomb.
45: BERIA: POTENTATE, HUSBAND, FATHER, LOVER, KILLER, RAPIST
Bomb: V. N. Pavlov, “Avtobiograficheskie Zametki,” Novaya i Noveishaya Istoria no. 4 (2000), p. 110. Harriman-Abel, p. 491. Gilbert, pp. 854–5. Mgeladze, pp. 129–30. Truman “as if by chance,” “New weapon,” “Churchill’s knowledge”: Volkogonov, Rise and Fall, p. 121. MR, p. 56. Zhukov III, pp. 325, 335. Tractors: Dobrynin, p. 23, quoting Gromyko. Female police: Gromyko, Memoirs, pp. 108–9. Sergo B, p. 174. Holloway, pp. 84, 114–27, 131–3, 178–86. Charles L. Mee, Potsdam, pp. 229, 249–50, 275–7. Overy, pp. 284–7. Stalin on Churchill: Mgeladze, p. 137. Hugh Lunghi, Minutes of Meeting between Generalissimo J. V. Stalin and Admiral Mountbatten at Babelsberg, Germany on 25th July 1945. Spahr, Zhukov, p. 197. Pavlenko, “Razmyshleniya,” pp. 30–1. Khrushchev, Glasnost, pp. 60–2. Stalin at 25 Jan. 1946 meeting with Molotov and Beria, quoted in Holloway, p. 147. Zubok: Stalin and Malenkov—Party, p. 141. Beria reports to Stalin on Kurchatov and scientists: GARF 9401.2.97.283/99, Beria to Stalin, Molotov and Malenkov 8 July 1945. Stalin on bomb “barbarity”: Mgeladze, pp. 129–30.
Beria’s style: unusual but great criminal: Stefan Stazewski in Oni, p. 172. Colossal: Artyom Sergeev. Zubok, p. 142, quoting Vladimir Novikov, p. 310. Risky in streets: Golovanov quoted in editor’s notes, Sergo B, p. 346. Swiss clock: V. I. Novikov quoted in editor’s notes, Sergo B, p. 345. Sakharov, pp. 145–9. Holloway, pp. 134–41. Gromyko, Memoirs, p. 319. Kurchatov in Beria, pp. 137–9. Shoot them later: Holloway, p. 212. R&D: Sakharov, p. 145. Beria, p. 133. Lesser Terror, p. 47. RGASPI 558.11.744, Stalin to P. Kapitsa, 4 Apr. 1946. Technical bafflement: Holloway, p. 137. Sakharov, p. 79. Atomic Politburo: Roy Medvedev’s phrase, Neizvestnyi Stalin: Stalin and the bomb.
Ugly flabby, greyish: Tatiana Okunevskaya in Vasilieva, Kremlin Wives, p. 156; and on BBC2: “Beria, Stalin’s Creature.” Beria A fair, Malyshev, p. 85. Sergo B, pp. 122, 141, 168. Sudoplatov, p. 103. A. I. Romanov, The Nights Are Longest There, p. 179. Dacha and basketball, cosiness at home: Martha Peshkova. Sumptuous, immense white villa, cosy, full of English and German books and papers: Svetlana OOY, pp. 355–6. Tireless, clever: “An interview with VM Molotov,” Literaturuli Sakhartvelo, 27 Oct. 1989, in Beria, pp. 195–274. MVD “idealisied” him, Beria, p. 203. On his guilt and rapes: Izvestiya TsK KPSS, 1991, no. 1, Plenum CC 2–7 July 1953. Sarkisov betrays Beria to Abakumov: Vlast 2000, no. 22, p. 44. “Comrade Beria is tired and overworked . . .” and Poskrebyshev tells Stalin, of Beria’s syphilis, office full of blondes, Deriabin, pp. 62–71. Ekaterina Katutova repeating Z. Fyodorovna’s story in Vasilieva, Kremlin Wives, p. 157; Tatiana Okunevskaya, pp. 159–60; Beria’s interrogation, Kremlin Wives, pp. 56, 150–1, 171. Beria and Poskrebyshev: Natalya Poskrebysheva. Seduction of her friend Valya: Kira Alliluyeva in Miklos Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, p. 454. Opening of 47 files on Beria’s guilt: Robin Shepherd, The Times, 18 Jan. 2003. Life at Home: Martha Peshkova. Bones in home: Strauss, Daily Telegraph, 23 Dec. 2003.
Worming their way into Stalin family: Martha Peshkova on Sergo and Beria. Sergo B, pp. 151–2. Stalin mentions three boys. Stepan M, p. 145. Beria disapproves: Mikoyan, pp. 362–3. Also: Sudoplatov quotes Beria’s secretary Ludvigov, p. 321. Svetlana RR.
Martha’s prettiness: Sergo B, p. 191. Martha: scented cloud, difficult to have as a friend—Gulia Djugashvili, Ded, Otets, Mat i Drugie, p. 55. Stalin favours Yury Zhdanov, encourages friendship with Martha: Svetlana OOY, p. 319. Details of life at Beria’s: Martha Peshkova.
Leonid Redens. Svetlana RR: “I was not in love with him.” Svetlana, Twenty Letters: Stalin wouldn’t meet but never asked her to divorce, pp. 193–6. Svetlana similar to Stalin: Charkviani, p. 58, quoting Mikoyan. Svetlana’s jealous threats: Martha Peshkova. Svetlana’s father furious: Sergo B, p. 192. RGASPI 558.11.727.92, Julia Djugashvili to Stalin 29 May 1946. Gulia Djugashvili, Ded, Otets, Mat i Drugie, p. 28.
46: A NIGHT IN THE NOCTURNAL LIFE OF JOSEPH VISSARIONOVICH
MR, pp. 8, 71. Mgeladze, pp. 78–9.
Barminess and conceit: Kaganovich, p. 154. MR, pp. 73, 210, “most dangerous,” pp. 212–3. Mikoyan, pp. 465–6, 513. Mikoyan in Kumanev (ed.), p. 22. KR I, p. 333. Khrushchev, Glasnost, p. 66. Volya Malenkova: “My father said Stalin changed after the war.” Pebbles: Ehrenburg, Postwar Years, p. 131. Stalin: calmness and tempers, indirect orders, always obeyed, Charkviani, pp. 37, 7
0. Lemon trees: Mgeladze in MR, p. 175. “Stepped aside from direct ruling”— Smirtukov in Vlast, no. 7, 2000, p. 53. “My reasons are clear”: Stalin to Politburo, 3 Nov. 1947 in RGASPI 558.11.712.142 on Bulganin’s Marshalate. Exhaustion: MR, p. 190; Mgeladze, p. 68. View of doctors: “How they talk!” RGASPI 74.2.38.89, Stalin to Voroshilov n.d. “If I faithfully followed the advice of doctors, I’d be in my grave,” Harriman, pp. 349–53. Natalya Poskrebysheva. Rybin, Next to Stalin, p. 43. Yakov Rapoport, The Doctors’ Plot: Stalin’s Last Crime, pp. 17–8. Svetlana in Richardson, Long Shadow, p. 170. Writers: Simonov, “Glazami,” p. 41. My shadow: Rzhevskaya, “B tot den pozdnei oseni,” p. 307.
Vassals: Bierut: Minc, p. 19, Berman, p. 308, in Oni. Dobrynin, p. 21. Show your hands: E. Zhirnov, in Vlast 25, p. 44. Cinema: Svetlana, Twenty Letters, p. 152. Bolshakov’s translations: KR I, p. 318. Papava story about movie Academician Ivan Pavlov, Gromov, Stalin, pp. 214–6. Bolshakov, cinema, Stalin’s mood, projectionists, Bolshakov’s “brothel,” Goebbels’s films, where have we seen this actor, Zhdanov’s comments, Zhukovsky film by Pudovkin, Comrade Ulrikh and where’s the next stop on your train: G. Mariamov, Kremlevsky Tzenzor: Stalin smotrit kino, pp. 7–13. Rise of Bolshakov and fall of Dukelsky and Shumiatsky: Kenez, pp. 116–8. Bolshakov gives Stalin a surprise: Zhirnov in Vlast, no. 25, 2000, p. 46. Bedell Smith, p. 219. Ivan the Terrible: “Stalin, Molotov i Zhdanov o vtoroy serii filma ‘Ivan Grozny,’ ” Moskovskie Novosti, no. 37, 7 Aug. 1988, inc. Ivan’s kiss. On Beria and MGB reports to Stalin on Eisenstein and Ivan the Terrible: GARF R9401.2.67.283–92, Beria to Stalin 5 Nov. 1944. Ivan, Part One: Zhdanov gives instructions Jan. 1941: Kenez, p. 179; Bolshakov and Eisenstein, pp. 196–8; Bolshakov, p. 190; masterpieces June 1948, p. 189; Kaganovich vs. Eisenstein, p. 138. Stalin to Kaganovich on Eisenstein: almost a Trotskyite, Kaganovich Perepiska, p. 101. Talented, watched Nevsky repeatedly: Mgeladze, p. 212. Stalin comments on movie scripts: e.g. RGASPI 558.11.713.115, Vsevelod Vishnevsky to Stalin with thanks for comments on his script, Unforgettable 1919, which Stalin sent via Mikhail Chiaureli, 20 Jan. 1950. Stalin makes comments on movie throughout, mixes up reality and film: Djilas, p. 103. KR I, p. 318. Mariamov, pp. 7–13. Believed Hitler’s propaganda film on Danzig, KR I, p. 158, but also believed his own films, p. 185. Discussion of policy—“certain special problems”—MR, p. 321. Films change policy: on aircraft carriers and navy, Stalin influenced by Ushakov movie: KR II, p. 20, and on surface to air: KR II, p. 43. Also on destruction of villages in front-line areas in WW2: Volkogonov, p. 478. Stalin loved Volga! Volga! and Charlie Chaplin; Svetlana, Twenty Letters, pp. 198–9. Favourite foreign films: Leyda, p. 380. Stalin shows Hull film about Japan: Berezhkov, p. 234. Mikoyan and Khrushchev uneasy about Stalin’s enthusiasm for film about killing fellows: Mikoyan, p. 534. KR I, pp. 318–28. On Zhdanov and CC resolution on film: Leyda, pp. 390–1; Kenez, p. 195. On Bolshakov and USSR film industry: Leyda, pp. 299–391. Choosing films: Troyanovsky, p. 154. Chiaureli and Gelovani at Stalin’s: Charkviani, pp. 44–5. Tarzan: Istochnik no. 4, 1999, Bolshakov to Poskrebyshev, 31 Jan. 1951. On movie guests: Gelovani: Charkviani, pp. 44–5; Diky: Artyom Sergeev. Clark Gable/Spencer Tracy: Gulia Djugashvili in Biagi, pp. 81–3. John Wayne assassination: see Michael Munn, John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth, pp. 130–3, 205–6. Accents: Medvedev: Neiztvestnyi Stalin: Stalin as Russian nationalist.
Cars: K. Popovic in Dedijev, Tito Speaks, pp. 280–4. Chooses route: KR I, pp. 318, 320, 325. Djilas, pp. 67–9, 147. Guests “if you have time”: Chiaureli and Gelovani: Charkviani, pp. 44–5. Cleanliness: Popovic in Tito Speaks, p. 282. Notebooks: Djilas, pp. 67–9, 147–8: Zhdanov on German names, Voznesensky takes note also. Malenkov takes notes: “I hated such toadying,” Mikoyan, p. 586. Lavatories: Djilas, p. 148. KR I, p. 307, 320, 324: “Stalin lying,” “Even in childhood he drank too much.” Seating: Berman in Oni, pp. 235–7. Djilas, pp. 75–6, 108–9. Drink: champagne favourite—MR, p. 177. Mikoyan, pp. 353–4. KR I, pp. 330–2. Berman in Oni, p. 234. Svetlana, Twenty Letters, p. 116; Stalin sometimes drunk, singing with Health Minister Y. Smirnov; Beria incites drinking, Svetlana OOY, pp. 332–3. Djilas, pp. 148, 155–7, resembling Beria’s conversation with Clark Kerr, see Yalta. Sergo B, p. 168, and couldn’t resist a drink, pp. 120–1. See also Troyanovsky, p. 156. Kaganovich, p. 106. Djilas on Molotov: practically a drunk, p. 77. Khrushchev’s hard drinking: MR, p. 177. Stepan M, p. 71. Food and cigarettes: Stalin’s own bottles of wine: see Karpov, Rastrelyanniye Marshaly, on Kulik’s dinner. On Egnatashvili as Rabbit, see Brackman, p. 4; as logistics/food MGB Lieut.-Gen., see Charkviani, pp. 5–7. On food testing: Svetlana OOY, p. 334. Khrushchev’s version of story: Beria, Malenkov and Mikoyan suborn waitress but claim they were betrayed by Shcherbakov, KR I, p. 322.
Pond: Sergo B, p. 141. Svetlana OOY, pp. 332–3. KR I, pp. 330–2. Roses: Natalya Poskrebysheva. Birds: Shtemenko quoted in Jonathan Lewis and Philip Whitehead, Stalin: A Time for Judgement, p. 157. Gottwald: Khrushchev, Glasnost, pp. 131–3; Rakosi: KR I, pp. 325, 330–2. S. Khrushchev, Superpower, p. 31. Julia Khrushcheva. Volya Malenkova. Food: Mikoyan, pp. 353–5, 529–33. Food tasting before Stalin: KR I, p. 321. Food/waitress: Berman in Oni, pp. 235–7. Djilas, pp. 75–7. Malenkov’s and Khrushchev’s weight: Sergo B, p. 140. KR I, pp. 318–20. Djilas, p. 77. Beria’s vegetarianism: Martha Peshkova. Rybin, Ryadom, p. 88: P. Lozgachev—Beria, fish and pears, also small children. Peppering guards: Rybin, Kto Otravil Stalina; Lozgachev, pp. 5–10, and KR I, p. 324. Rybin, Oktyabre 1941, V. Tukov, p. 47. Rybin, Stalin i Zhukov: memoirs on gardens, lamb, hothouse, S. Solovev, pp. 42–4.
Molotov and Mikoyan still argued with Stalin: Mikoyan and Kharkov: Khrushchev, Glasnost, pp. 60–2. Voroshilov: MR, pp. 224–5. Mikoyan, Stalin on Svanidze, p. 359; Malenkov’s caution, p. 586. KR I, pp. 226–7, on Malinovsky/Larin, p. 271, checking with Beria first. Djilas, pp. 71, 76–7, 148–56. Tiger: Sergo B, pp. 120–1. Stalin on the dead: calmness of a historian, Charkviani, p. 30. Apology to Marshal: Medvedev, pp. 332–3. Charm: Berman in Oni, p. 234; fuck off, Staszewski, p. 146. RGASPI 558.11.804.84–5, V. G. Solomin to Stalin, 16 Jan. 1947, and Stalin to Solomin 5 Mar. 1947. Tales of exile esp. shooting /freezing expedition, Beria “he’s lying”: KR I, pp. 322–3, 330–3. Vlasik, p. 44, Charkviani, p. 22. Beria stamps on feet: Mikoyan, p. 355. Most illustrious of grandees, Voroshilov: Svetlana OOY, p. 346.
Guide to survival: Mikoyan, pp. 355, 521, 563, 564. Sergo B, p. 312. KR I, pp. 178, 277 (avoiding eyes). Lozgachev quoted in Radzinsky, p. 553. RGASPI 558.11.732.42–5, B. Dvinsky to Stalin 23 Sept. 1946. Gromyko, Memoirs, pp. 319–21. Bohlen, p. 255. RGASPI 588.2.156.31–41, Manuilsky to Stalin 28 Dec. 1948. S. Khrushchev, Superpower, p. 29. Woff on Rybalko in Stalin’s Generals, p. 214. KR I, p. 218, e.g. Khrushchev on Yeremenko, on Kulik and Pavlov, pp. 199–200, spring wheat, pp. 260–1, 335, checking with Beria, p. 271. Bugging: all leaders bugged—Deriabin, pp. 43–4. Molotov warned by Chekists: MR, p. 224. Voznesensky: Kovalev in Simonov, “Glazami,” p. 58. Sudoplatov, p. 231.
Stalin teases Mikoyan: Sergo B, p. 140. Beria’s jokes with tomatoes against Mikoyan and tossing his hat into the trees: Lozgachev in Rybin, Kto Otravil Stalina?, p. 10. Mikoyan vs. Beria: MR, p. 233; Beria “didn’t trust any Armenian,” Mikoyan, p. 582. Chicken bones—Stepan Mikoyan. Mikoyan dashing: Svetlana OOY, p. 346. Mikoyan, “fancy airs”: KR I, p. 406. Tricks, tomatoes, salt or vodka in wine, main victims Poskrebyshev and Mikoyan: Svetlana OOY, pp. 332–42. Sergo B, p 141. Lenin: Djilas, p. 161. KR II, p. 108. Gramophone, singing and dancing: the Georgians, Charkviani, pp. 44–5. Berman in Oni, pp. 235–7. Stalin dances: KR I, pp. 309–11. Djilas, p. 161. K. Popovic in Dedijer, Tito Speaks, p. 283. Sergo B, p. 142. Svetlana: KR I, pp. 309–11. Leaders dance: Bulganin “stomped”; Khrushchev does gopak, laughs at locks and drinking, KR I, pp. 309–11, 322–4, 330–3. Bulganin in Galina, p. 148. Molotov slow-dance with Berman in Oni, pp. 235–7. Stalin and Tito dance: Hugh Thomas, Armed Truce: The Beginnings of the Cold War 1945–6, pp. 45–7. Churchill 5, p. 330. On music: Stalin to
Truman in Gromyko, Memoirs, p. 113. Zhdanov: Yury Zhdanov. Songs: MR, p. 189. Stalin throws tomatoes, threats, prison or home? KR I, pp. 277–9. Mikoyan, p. 573. Svetlana OOY, pp. 332–3. Stalin stories against Lenin: Sergo B, p. 135. Prick: W. Taubman, Khrushchev, Man and Era, p. 214.
47: MOLOTOV’S CHANCE
“War broke me”: Mgeladze, p. 125. MR, p. 190. Kaganovich, pp. 52, 60. RGASPI 558.11.1481.45, Stalin to Molotov and Malenkov, 9 Oct. 1945. RGASPI 82.2.1592.40–5, Molotov to Polina Apr. 1945 in New York. RGASPI 82.2.1592.72, Molotov to Polina Sept. 1945? London. On Coldstream: Harriman-Abel, p. 511. On Stalin and Molotov: Vladimir O. Pechatnov, “The Allies are pressing on you to break your will . . .” Foreign Policy Correspondence between Stalin and Molotov and other Politburo members, Sept. 1945–Dec. 1946, Working Paper 26, Cold War International History Project. Also: A. O. Chubariyan and V. O. Pechatnov, “Molotov ‘the Liberal’: Stalin’s 1945 Criticism of his Deputy,” Cold War History, no. 1, Aug. 2000, pp. 129–40. Zubok, pp. 92–8. Veil of amity: Overy, p. 283. Mikoyan: RGASPI 558.11.732.42–50, Dvinsky to Stalin: “Mikoyan said we are spending too much on bread . . .” Stalin to Zhdanov, Voznesensky, Bulganin, Patolichev, Dvinsky and Khrulev. Beria to Poskrebyshev, enclosing Serov’s report to Beria. Mikoyan, pp. 484, 493. RGASPI 558.11.765.107–9, Stalin to Mikoyan, 22 and 25 Sept. 1945.
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