Frederick the Great

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Frederick the Great Page 28

by Nancy Mitford


  Frederick Francis, Prince (brother), 91

  Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenberg (Great Elector), 2–3

  Frederick William I of Prussia (father): beginning of reign of, 4; Classical civilizations loathed by, 9; corpulence of, 7; Council of State dismissed by, 4; death of, 55; Dresden state visit by, 18, 19–20; father buried by, 4; foreigners loathed by, 6; forty-third birthday of, 39; and Frederick II’s education, rules laid down for, 9; and Frederick II’s escape attempt, 24–5; Frederick II beaten by, 21, 31; Frederick II begins to plot against, 15; Frederick II given stud farm by, 52; Frederick II held in solitary confinement by, 33–6; Frederick II made drunk by, 16; Frederick II released by, 36; Frederick II sent gift of bed by, 52; Frederick II’s correspondence with, 53; Frederick II’s engagement to Elizabeth announced by, 43; Frederick II’s reconciliation with, 39–40; Frederick II’s view of, 4; in Frederick II’s dream, 171, 175; French hated by, 4–5, 10; frugality practised by, 4; Germany tour by, 29–31; gout suffered by, 22; hunting loved by, 13; illnesses of, 6–7, 11, 46, 55; Katte beaten and kicked by, 32; Leczinski’s relationship with, 47–8; ministers’ power reduced by, 4; painting learnt by, 11; Potsdam Grenadiers giants collected by, 7–8, 18, 24; Prussia colonized with religious refugees by, 47; rages of, 6, 13, 27, 31; second son preferred by, 15; vast building programme established by, 4; wavering loyalty of, towards Emperor, 46–7; Wilhelmine beaten and kicked by, 32

  Frederick William, Prince of Prussia (later King), 175, 185, 206–7

  Frederick, Prince of Wales, 12

  Frederika Louise, Princess (sister), 23, 44, 59

  Frederika of Württemberg, 208

  Fredersdorf, Pte, 42, 62, 70, 138

  French Revolution, 207

  Freytag, Baron von, 140–2, 225

  Fürst, Chancellor, 223

  Galitzin, Prince, 203

  Gaulle, Gen. Charles de, 159

  Gelderland, 74

  George I of England, 3, 11, 12, 24, 46, 123; death of, 16; mistress of, 22; son wishes death of, 46

  George II of England, 5, 12–13, 16, 25–7, 73, 75, 81, 103, 151, 210; ‘both or neither’ marriage offer of, 16, 26; death of, 193; and Frederick II’s plan flee to England, 28; made to look a fool, 86; Prussian officer kidnapped by, 24; thinks Frederick II worth backing, 167; Treaty of Westminster signed by, 148

  George III of England, 6, 193

  George William, Elector, 2

  Germany, 1, 16, 72, 77; Frederick II’s tour of, 29–32; in Frederick II’s essay on Europe, 54; and Thirty Years’ War, 48

  Gersdorf, Landrat von, 222

  Ghent, 104

  Gisors, Comte de, 71, 88, 145–7, 176

  Glatz, 78, 79, 105, 188, 196

  Glogau, 69, 190, 194

  Goltz, Gen. von der, 78, 160

  Gotter, Count, 68–9

  Gotzkowski (city father, factory owner), 191

  Grant, Col., 159

  Greece, 219

  Grumbkow, General Count von, 5–6, 7, 16, 20, 24, 26–7, 32, 37, 38, 39, 43–5; death of, 57; and Frederick II’s essay on Europe, 54; Frederick II interrogated by, 33; Frederick II’s correspondence with, 53; on military tribunal, 34

  Guichard, Maj. (‘Quintus Icilius’), 172, 173, 192, 200, 219

  Gundling, 7, 20, 22

  Gustavus of Sweden, King, 208

  Guyon, Mme, 15

  Habsburg, House of, 3, 63, 68, 203, 220, 221

  Haddik, Gen., 184

  Hamilton, Count, 177

  Hanbury Williams, Sir Charles, 124–7, 155–6

  Hanover, 26; French advise Frederick II to invade, 147; giants from, 24; neutrality of, 148

  Heinitz, Friedrich Anton von, 202

  Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 201

  Henry, Prince (brother), 56, 59, 90–1, 130, 148–9, 152, 160, 161, 162, 177–8, 182, 188, 189, 208–9, 220–1; appointed Commander in Chief, 185; at Battle of Prague, 158; Catherine the Great meets, 216–17; Glogau sulk of, 190; Saxon mountains lost by, 194; under brother’s command, 190; and Wilhelmine’s death, 179

  Henry, Prince (brother of Prince of Prussia), 207

  Hervey, Lord, 13, 52

  Hesse, Prince of, 31

  Hille, Councillor, 36–7

  Hirschel, Abraham, 131–5

  Histoire de Brandebourg (Frederick II), 130

  Histoire du Grenadier, 80

  Histoire de la Guerre de Sept Ans (Frederick II), 150, 158–9, 164, 180, 194

  Histoire de Mon Temps (Frederick II), 67, 94, 101, 209

  History of Friedrich II of Prussia (Carlyle), 12

  Hochkirc, Battle of, 178–9

  Hohenfriedberg, Battle of, 104

  Hohenzollern, House of, 2, 9, 31, 37

  Holderness, Lord, 173

  Holland, see Netherlands

  Hotham, Col. Sir Charles, 25–8, 124; departure of, 28

  Hubertusburg, 192

  Huguenots, 2

  Hyndford, Lord, 73, 78, 79, 84, 93, 124

  Instructions militaires . . . (Frederick II), 109

  Ivan VI, 91, 96, 195

  Jenkins’s Ear, War of, 73

  Jesus of Nazareth, 10

  Jette, Mlle, 43–4

  Jordan, Charles Étienne, 51, 58, 67–8, 69–70, 91–2, 98; Darget replaces, 120; death of, 105–6

  Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, 63

  Joseph II, Archduke, Holy Roman Emperor, 74, 76, 196, 220–1; birth of, 69; Frederick II meets, 215, 216; becomes Holy Roman Emperor, 215

  Jülich, 10, 16, 46–7, 66

  Kalkstein, Lt.-Col. Von, 9

  Kamecke, Mme de, 32

  Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, Margrave of Ansbach, 23, 44, 59

  Katte, Hans Hermann von, 22, 23, 25, 28–30, 32–3, 36; arrest of, 32; death sentence on, 34; execution of, 35; Frederick II’s misdirected letter intended for, 31; Frederick William I beats and kicks, 32; military tribunal of, 34

  Katte, Rittmeister, 29, 31

  Kaunitz, Count (later Prince), 150–1, 215, 220

  Keith (page), 29, 30–1

  Keith, Gen. (later Field Marshal) James, 122, 124, 168, 174, 176, 178; at Battle of Prague, 158; death of, 179

  Keith, Lt., 22, 29, 32

  Keith, Lord (‘Milord Maréchal’), 122–4, 125, 136, 139, 140, 142, 149, 210–13, 219; Frederick II’s letter to, concerning Maria Theresa, 150

  Keyserling, Lt. Count von, 23, 41, 50, 53, 57, 70, 126; death of, 105–6; engaged, 91; made regimental colonel, 58

  Kirkman (giant), 7, 58

  Kloster Zeven, Convention of, 163, 167

  Knobelsdorff (architect), 41, 49, 51, 56, 93, 102, 114

  Koenig (scientist), 137

  Kolberg, 193, 194

  Koli, Battle of, 158–61

  Kolin, 146

  Kosel, 178, 194

  Kunersdorf, Battle of, 184–5, 199

  Lafayette, Marquis de, 229

  Last Supper, 10

  Launay, M. de, 201

  Lavisse, Ernest, 15

  Leczinski, Stanislas, 45, 47–8, 128

  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 1

  Leignitz, Battle of, 189

  Lekain, 206

  Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 63

  Leopold of Brunswick, Duke, 221–2

  Leopoldovna, Anna, 91, 96

  Leuthe, Battle of, 168–70

  Levasseur, Thérèse, 212

  Liechtenstein, Prince, 46

  Liège, Bishop of, 61, 62

  Ligne, Prince de, 216, 227–8

  Limburg, 74

  Linz, 75, 82

  Lobkowitz, Prince, 83, 84, 88–9, 99, 120; Charles of Lorraine joins forces with, 85; officers shot for cowardice by, 104

  Lorraine, 47

  Lorraine, Duke of, see Francis, Duke of Lorraine

  Loudon, Gen., 175, 184–5, 188–9, 221; Breslau besieged by, 188

  Louis XIV (The Sun King), xv, 1, 2, 71; Frederick I models himself on, 3

  Louis XV of France 28, 45, 71, 87, 94, 99–100, 147, 150, 174, 196; Belle-Isle’s audience with, 88; Emperor’s set
tlement with, 47; illness of, 100; Maria Theresa’s new and binding treaty with, 183; Netherlands acquisitions given up by, 121; pacific nature of, 71; and Saxe, 104; Saxe made Marshal General by, 104; Treaty of Versailles signed by, 151; and Voltaire, 128–30; Voltaire given ‘spy’ money by, 95

  Louis XVI of France, 18, 86

  Louise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 91

  Low Countries, 74, 94, 100, 151

  Lucchesini, Marchese, 226

  Ludwig II, 221

  Luther, Martin, 10

  Lyttleton, Lord, 52

  Macaulay, Lord, 164, 199, 203

  Mackenzie, James, 119

  Mahomet (Voltaire), 139

  Maillebois, 86, 87

  Mailly, Mme de, 93

  Maintenon, Mme de, 72, 111n

  Maria Antonia, Electress, 207

  Maria Christina, Archduchess, 83

  Maria Theresa, Archduchess (later Queen of Hungary; Queen of Bohemia; Holy Roman Empress), 44, 47, 63–5, 67, 69, 71, 74–7 passim, 81, 83–4, 87, 92, 101, 103, 146, 147, 150–1, 160–1, 174, 186, 196, 216, 217–18, 221, 228; crowned Queen of Bohemia, 89; crowned Queen of Hungary, 74–5; crowns husband as Holy Roman Emperor, 105; death of, 229; English ally with, 100; Frederick II’s deal with, 78–9; Frederick II’s diatribe against, 84; Frederick II’s letter to Keith concerning, 150; heart set on revenge, 88; improved position of, 99; Kaunitz becomes Chancellor to, 151; after Leuthen battle, 170; Louis XV’s new and binding treaty with, 183; ransom refused by, 167; and Renversement des Alliances, 147; Robinson’s love for, 74, 75; and Seven Years’ War, see Seven Years’ War; and Silesia, intention to retake, 96, 101 (see also Silesia); Spaniards attack, 94; Treaty of Breslau torn up by, 101–2; Treaty of Breslau signed by, 85; Treaty of Versailles signed by, 151

  Marie Antoinette, 1

  Marie Joséphe, Dauphine, 155

  Maritime Powers, 66, 94

  Marlborough, Duke of, 29, 72

  Mary of Modena, 122

  Mary, Queen of Scots, 6

  Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau de 58, 60–1, 69, 91, 130, 134, 136, 137–8, 149; death of, 191; Frederick II misses, 98; marriage of, 126; taken prisoner, 70

  Mémoires pour Servir . . . (Voltaire), 142–3, 224–5

  Mentzel, Col., 82

  Mes Rêveries (Saxe), 121

  Mirabeau, Comte de, 230

  Mirepoix, Bishop of, 94–5, 129

  Mitchell, Sir Andrew, 113, 152–3, 162, 172, 173, 183, 189, 192, 203; concerns of, for Frederick II’s welfare, 194; death of, 219; papers burnt by, 188; on tax system, 201; Voltaire suspected by, 186

  Mollwitz, Battle of, 69–70, 71, 164

  Mondain, Le (Voltaire), 129

  Montcalm, Marquis de, 88

  Moravia, 69, 82, 175; Olmütz, 175–6

  Mort de César, La (Voltaire), 95

  Munich, 82, 101

  Münnich, Marshal, 121

  Napoleon, xvii, 86, 88, 154, 159, 183, 231

  Neipperg, Marshal, 69, 70, 78, 79, 146

  Neisse, 78, 178, 194; ‘siege’ of, 79

  Netherlands, 100, 121, 151

  Neues Palais, 204

  Nieuport, 104

  Nivernais, Duc de, 147–9

  Ochakov, Battle of, 123

  Oeuvre de Poésie (Voltaire), 140

  Ogilvy, Gen., 80, 81

  Olbreuse, Eleanor d’, 2

  Olmütz, siege of, 175–6

  On Playing the Flute (Quantz), 25

  Orange, Prince of, 9, 46

  Orzelska, Countess, Frederick II’s affair with, 20, 23–4

  Ostend, 104

  Oudenarde, 104

  Palatine, Elector, 31

  Palffy, Count, 74

  Pascal, Grenadier, 80–1

  Peace of Dresden, 105, 124, 131

  Penny Post, 101

  Pesne, Antoine, 51, 93

  Peter III of Russia, Emperor, 195–6, 203

  Peter the Great, 11

  Philip of Spain, 71, 121

  Philippine, Princess (sister), 91

  Philippsburg, 45

  Pitt, William, 151, 193, 211

  Podewils, Count Heinrich von, 58, 67

  Poland, 2, 37, 207–8; first partition of, 217–18; Prussian lands contrasted with, 47; total partitions of, 218

  Poland, Queen of, 156, 157, 180

  Polignac, Cardinal de, 81, 93

  Pöllnitz, Baron von, 133–4

  Pomerania, 152, 177, 193, 194; Sweden gives up, 195; Western, 10

  Pompadour, Mme de, xii, xiii, 147, 174, 193

  Poniatowski, Stanislaw August, King of Poland, 217

  Porphyria, 6

  Potato War, 221

  Potsdam Grenadiers, 7–8; Frederick II appointed Major of, 14; reorganization of, 58

  Pragmatic Sanction, 63, 74, 75, 81

  Prague: Battle of, 157–9; Broglie commands in, 82; Frederick II takes, 100; Lobkowitz and Charles of Lorraine march on, 85; siege of, 77, 79–89 passim

  Prussia: and Chotusitz, 83; colonized with religious refugees, 47; demoralization of, 177, 188; Russians take East, 176; first-class army of, 5; France and Austria set to fall upon, 151–2; Frederick II affects to despise, 47; French tax-gatherers imported into, 201; name of, 2; peace terms agreed by, 196; postwar solvency of, 199; rising power of, 3, 151; and Seven Years’ War, see Seven Years’ War; treaty between France and, 99; Voltaire settles in, 98; see also Frederick William I, Frederick II

  Quantz, Johann Joachim, 25, 117, 148, 219

  Quebec, 186

  Quintus Icilius, see Guichard, Maj.

  Racine, Jean, 50

  Reichenbach (minister), 24

  Rentzel (drill master), 9

  Renversement des Alliances (Reversal of the Alliances), 147–8, 151

  Retzaw, Gen., 152

  Richelieu, Duc de, 156, 163

  Robinson, Thomas, 64–5, 71, 74, 75, 85, 124

  Rochow, Col. von, 23, 25, 28, 29; Frederick II’s escape attempt and, 30–1

  Rossbach, Battle of, 166

  Rothenburg, Frederick Rudolph von, 83, 99, 120, 12; death of, 136

  Rothenburg (French minister to Berlin), 15, 21

  Roucoulle, Mme de, 8–9, 14

  Rouillé, Foreign Minister, 147

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 129, 212–13

  Rudorfski, Count, 20

  Russia, 53, 55, 122, 195–6, 215, 216, 217; atrocities committed by soldiers of, 183; at Battle of Zorndorf, 176–7; Berlin occupied by, 190–1; East Prussia taken by, 176; and Leczinski, 47; Peter III begins reign in, 195; Turks attack, 215

  Sahay, Battle of, 83

  Saldern, Gen., 192

  Sand, George, 18

  Sans Souci, 56, 114, 116, 204, 213, 229–30; Frederick II’s grave at, 231; Neues Palais in park of, 204; Voltaire’s rooms at, 130

 

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