by Clare Mulley
17 Madeleine Masson, Woman’s Hour, BBC Radio Four (29.12.2004).
18 IWM, Gubbins papers, 2/11, Wilkinson/Gubbins correspondence (30.10.1974); Wilkinson/Masson correspondence (30.10.1974).
19 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. xx.
20 Masson, Christine: A Search, p. xvi.
21 Christine Isabelle Cole, interview (May 2011).
22 TNA, DPP2/2169, Muldowney, G. Jennings, Chief Superintendent ‘F’, Metropolitan Police Report, Kensington Station ‘F’ Division (23.6.1952).
23 Singer, Spies and Traitors, p. 201.
24 TNA, HS4/291, Poland 206, ‘The Future of SOE Polish Section’ (24.5.1945).
25 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 291.
26 McCormick, 17F: The Life of Ian Fleming, p. 143.
27 Ibid., p. 141.
28 Lycett, Ian Fleming, p. 178.
29 Fleming, Casino Royale, pp. 30, 38–9.
30 Ibid., pp. 186–7, 64.
31 Macintyre, For Your Eyes Only, pp. 5, 63, 69.
32 Fleming, Casino Royale, pp. 61–2.
33 Rogue, US magazine, William F. Nolan, ‘Personality: Ian Fleming’ (February 1961), p. 80; also Fleming, The Diamond Smugglers, p. 54.
34 Griswold, Ian Fleming’s James Bond, p. 60; also Macintyre, For Your Eyes Only, p. 78.
35 Deacon, History of the British Secret Service, and Spyclopaedia.
36 Fielding, Hide and Seek; Howarth, Undercover; Patrick Howarth, ‘Play Back A Lifetime’, first published in Masson, Christine: A Search, p. 251.
37 Gordimer, ‘Vladimir Ledóchowski: Man of Two Worlds’, typed manuscript (1987).
38 Michael Morpurgo quoted in Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 298.
39 Moss, Gold Is Where You Find It, p. 17.
40 Christine Isabelle Cole, interview (May 2011).
41 Jan Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Granville’, p. 26.
APPENDIX I
1 Diana Hall interview (May 2011).
2 Giżycki, ‘Winding Trail’, p. 412.
3 Andrzej Skarbek, interview (May 2011).
4 Diana Hall interview (May 2011).
5 Suzanna Gaynford interview (October 2011).
6 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 168.
7 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Hospital case paper’ (8.9.1952).
8 Izabela Muszkowska interview (June 2011).
9 Christine Isabelle Cole interview (May 2011).
APPENDIX II
1 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Hospital case paper’ (17.6.1952).
2 Ibid., ‘JCM Matheson, Principal Medical officer, Brixton prison, to Dr D Hill, Maudsley Hospital’ (21.8.1952); also ‘JCM Matheson, Principal Medical officer, Brixton prison, to Dr Coats, HMP Pentonville’ (23.9.1952).
3 Ibid., ‘JCM Matheson, Principal Medical officer, Brixton prison, to Dr D Hill, Maudsley Hospital’ (21.8.1952).
4 Ibid., ‘JCM Matheson, Principal Medical officer, Brixton prison, to Dr Coats, HMP Pentonville’ (23.9.1952).
5 Daily Express, Arnold Latcham, ‘The Ego of a Murderer: Everyone knew of woman he killed – none knew him. He pursued a heroine – a hero only to himself’ (12.9.1952); also Daily Telegraph, ‘Murder Trial in Three Minutes’ (12.9.1952).
6 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
7 Ibid., ‘Hospital Case Paper’ (16.6.1952); also ibid., ‘Hospital Case Paper’ (17.9.1952).
8 Ibid., ‘Hospital Case Paper’ (16.6.1952); also ‘JCM Matheson, Central Criminal Court report’ (13.9.1952).
9 Ibid., ‘Statement of Witness, DG Muldowney’ (nd).
10 Ibid., ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
11 Ibid., ‘Hospital case paper’ (8.9.1952); also ibid., ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
12 Ibid., ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
13 Leicester Mercury, Jeremy Clay, ‘The Spy Who Saved Me’ (2005).
14 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.52); also ibid., ‘Hospital case paper’ (17.6.1952).
15 Ibid., ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
16 Daily Mail, ‘Kindness Led to Murder: Christine Granville’s Mistake Ended in Death’ (12.9.1952).
17 Ibid.
18 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
19 Ibid., ‘JCM Matheson, Central Criminal Court report’.
20 Ibid., Muldowney, ‘Old Bailey transcript, in front of Justice Donovan’ (10.9.1952); also Daily Mirror, ‘The man who built his dream world round a Countess – and killed her’ (12.9.1952).
21 Daily Mail, ‘Kindness Led to Murder: Christine Granville’s Mistake Ended in Death’ (12.9.1952).
22 O’Malley papers, Kate O’Malley to Sir Owen O’Malley and Ann Bridge (24.6.1952).
23 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Pentonville Medical officer Percy Murray Coats papers’, also ‘Post-Mortem Examination’.
24 Sunday Dispatch, ‘Boy does not know father is murderer’ (28.9.1953).
25 TNA, PRI COM 9/1634, ‘Dennis Muldowney, letter to Frank, Jack and Marie’ (11.9.1952).
26 Steven Muldowney to Clare Mulley (14.6.2011).
Select Bibliography
INTERVIEWS AND CORRESPONDENCE
INTERVIEWS
Jane Bigman-Hartey, wife of Prince Marcin Lubomirski (May 2011)
Ann Bonsar, Massingham-based wireless operator (December 2010)
Julian de Bosdari, son of Erica de Bosdari, Christine’s friend at the British Legation in Budapest (June 2011)
Christine Isabelle Cole, daughter of Zofia Tarnowska and Bill Stanley Moss (May 2011)
Edouard Renn, Vercors veteran (July 2011)
M. R. D. Foot, SOE official historian, friend of Francis Cammaerts (March 2011)
Suzanna Gayford, knew Christine in Kenya (October 2011)
Nicholas Gibbs, historian (April 2011)
Diana Hall, daughter of Richard Truszkowski (May 2011)
Daniel Huillier, Vercors veteran (July 2011)
Eva Hryniewicz, wife of Shelbourne Hotel manager (May 2011)
Krystian Jelowicki, child in France, 1944 (November 2012)
Michal Komar, Polish journalist and playwright (June 2011)
Captain Kozak, former manager of the Shelbourne Hotel (March 2011)
Colonel Jan Larecki, Christine’s Polish biographer (June 2011)
Count Jan Ledóchowski, son of Count Wladimir Ledóchowski (May 2011)
Princess Renata Lubomirski, daughter of Prince Marcin Lubomirski (May 2011)
Zbigniew Mieczkowski, friend of Christine (March 2011)
Izabela Muszkowska, post-war London friend of Christine (June 2011)
Maria Nurowska, Polish novelist whose father, Stanisław Rudziejewski, knew Christine (June 2011)
Ann O’Regan, widow of Patrick O’Regan (May 2011)
Margaret Pawley, Cairo-based FANY (December 2010)
Maria Pienkowska, niece of Andrzej Kowerski (June 2011)
Noreen Riols, SOE, F Section, secretary (October 2011)
Teresa Robinska, daughter of Countess Przezdziecka, Shelbourne Hotel cook (March 2011)
Count Andrzej Skarbek, Christine’s cousin (April 2011)
Countess Maryś Skarbek, widow of Christine’s cousin Jan Skarbek (April 2011)
Elizabeth Skarbek (May 2011)
Matt Smolenski, son of the Head of the Polish VI Bureau (2011)
Duncan Stuart, former chairman of the Special Forces Club’s Historical Sub-Committee (December 2010)
Dr Andrzej Suchcitz, Keeper of Archives, Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum (May 2011)
Henryk Szymanski, Bęczkowice parish priest, Poland (June 2011)
Ada Tarnowska, post-war friend of Christine’s, Poland (June 2011)
Katharine Whitehorn, friend of Nan and Francis Cammaerts, and Sylviane Rey (May 2011)
Virginia Worlsey, daughter of Peter Wilkinson (
May 2011)
PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE
Joanna Cammaerts-Wey, daughter of Francis Cammaerts (June 2011)
Chris Chaney, son of Anna Czyzewska and godson of Christine Granville (August 2012)
Christopher Kasparek, son of Jósef Kasparek (2011)
Princess Renata Lubomirska, daughter of Prince Marcin Lubomirski (June 2011)
Steven Muldowney, nephew of Dennis Muldowney (June 2011)
Dorothy Wakely, Massingham Signals Planning Officer (April 2011)
Michael Ward, officer who knew Christine in Cairo (March 2011)
PUBLIC ARCHIVES
The National Archives, Kew (TNA)
Records of the Board of Trade
BT26/1186, UK incoming passenger lists (1878–1960)
BT372/1138/116, Dennis George Muldowney, seaman’s records
Records of the Central Criminal Court
CRIM1/2252, Dennis George Muldowney (September 1952)
Records of the Director of Public Prosecutions
DPP2/2169, case papers, Muldowney
Foreign Office
FO/371, Death of Sikorski
FO954/19B, Papers of Sir Anthony Eden, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Home Office and Ministry of Home Security
HO382/44, Home Office files, Giżycka, Krystyna
HO405/30369, Home Office files, Kowerski, Andrew
Africa and Middle East files
HS3/64, SOE North Africa
HS3/198, SOE/MIDEAST/50
SOE Eastern Europe files
HS4/86, SOE Hungary
HS4/141, SOE Poland
HS4/184, Col Threlfall’s reports, Mediterranean Air Operations
HS4/198, Middle East Org, Istanbul (Poles and Czechs)
HS4/199, SOE Poland
HS4/200, SOE, Eastern Europe, Poland
HS4/201, SOE, Eastern Europe, Poland
HS4/291, SOE Eastern Europe files, Poland
HS4/308, Telegrams Polish 6th Bureau to Poland and Italy
HS4/311, SOE, Eastern Europe, Poland
SOE Western Europe files
HS6/568, SOE France
HS6/570, Albert Floiras [Deschamps] interrogation
Histories and War Diaries
HS7/162, SOE histories 113, Hungary
HS7/183, SOE histories 131, Polish Section History
HS7/216, Survey of Global Activities May 1941
SOE personal files
HS9/258/5, Francis Cammaerts
HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gizycki
HS9/612, Christine Granville
HS9/630/8, Colin Gubbins
HS9/630/6, John Michael McVean Gubbins
HS9/668, Hubert Harrison
HS9/830, Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy
HS9/1224/6, Józef Radziminski
HS9/1253/6, Francis Brooks Richards
HS9/1466, Henry Threlfall
SOE Playfair and Wireless Operators Codes Nominal Card Index
HS16, Christine Granville’s code card
Records of the Security Service
KV2/517, File of Edward Szarkiewicz
Prime Minister’s Office
PREM 3/351/3, 1940 Poland, General 1
Prison Commission and Home Office
PRI COM 9/1634, Muldowney
The Imperial War Museum, London (IWM)
Paper files
Francis Cammaerts
Major-General Colin McVean Gubbins
Krystyna Skarbek/Christine Granville
Annette Street, including ‘Long Ago and Far Away’, unpublished memoir (c.1995)
Henry Threlfall
Peter Wilkinson
Sound archive
8680, Maurice Buckmaster
11238, Lt Col Francis Cammaerts
10447, Pearl Cornioley
26813, Reel 1, June Kerr Darton
8682, Basil Risbridger Davidson
8880, Havard Gunn
9827, Patrick Howarth
11087, Gwendolin Lees
12195, Robert William Berry Purvis
9970, Sir Francis Brooks Richards
13442, Richard Trevebyn Rockingham Gill
8685, Annette Street
Picture archive
HU 57106–57120, The French Resistance in the Haute-Savoie, August 1944
Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Kings College London
Julian Dobrinski papers
Patrick O’Regan papers
Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum, London
Aniela Pawlikowska portrait of Christine Granville
Christine Granville papers, war decorations, wireless set, commando knife
Polish Underground Movement Study Trust (PUMST), London
Musketeers file
Krystyna Skarbek file
General Register Office, Britain
Death certificate, Christine Granville (3.10.1952)
Death certificate, Dennis Muldowney (1.10.1952)
Musée de la Résistance, Vassieux-en-Vercors, France
Francis Cammaerts interview
Vercors 1944 exhibits
All Saints’ Church, parish archive, Warsaw, Poland
Baptism record for Stefania Goldfeder (15.11.1899)
Marriage record for Jerzy Skarbek and Stefania Goldfeder (2.12.1899)
Bęczkowice parish archive, Poland
Krystyna Skarbek baptism record (17.11.1913, Julian calendar)
Museum of Pawiak Prison archive, Poland
Files of former prisoners
Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Poland
Personnel archives
Warsaw Royal Castle archive, Poland
Szymon Konarski/Wladimir Ledóchowski correspondence (1960)
Alphabetical list of the landowners in the Kingdom of Poland (1909)
Warsaw Uprising Museum, Poland
Warsaw Uprising exhibits
PRIVATE ARCHIVES
Jeff Bines sound archive, Britain
Douglas Dodds-Parker (c.2000)
Patrick Howarth (August 2001)
Vera Long, Harold Perkins’s PA (c.2000)
Christine Isabelle Cole/Bill Stanley Moss private papers, Britain
(Intended for the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum)
Bill Stanley Moss private papers (c.1952)
Correspondence between Francis Cammaerts, Aidan Crawley, Douglas Dodds-Parker, Jerzy Gizycki, Christine Granville, Colin Gubbins, Patrick Howarth, Andrzej Kowerski, Wladimir Ledóchowski, George Michailov, Bill Stanley Moss, Sir Owen O’Malley, Harold Perkins and Bickham Sweet-Escott.
Christine’s documents including:
French identity card for Jacqueline Armand (8.7.1944)
Legal permission to Contract a Marriage, Berlin (1.8.1946)
Certificate of Naturalisation (17.12.1946)
Job references, applications, rejection letters
Andrzej Kowerski’s passport
Photographs of Christine Granville
The Ledóchowski family archive, Britain
Nadine Gordimer, ‘Vladimir Ledóchowski: Man of Two Worlds’ (1987)
Jan Ledóchowski, ‘Who Was She? Christine and my father’s unpublished book’, unpublished manuscript (2008)
———, ‘Christine Granville and My Father’s Unpublished Book’, unpublished manuscript (2008)
———, DVD, ‘Discussion with Dominik Horodyñski’ (2007)
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville: A Biographical Story’, unpublished draft manuscript (nd) [This draft was abandoned in the early 1970s before finalizing and checking all the details of her life in France and England.]
The O’Malley family papers, Ireland
Correspondence between Christine Granville, Andrzej Kowerski, Sir Owen and Kate O’Malley
Correspondence between Sir Owen, Kate O’Malley and Ann Bridge
Kate O’Malley notes on ‘Harrison’s agent, Mme Giżycka’
Jane O’Malley, ‘Christina’
Photographs of Christine Granville and A
ndrzej Kowerski
Maria Pienkowska/Kowerski family papers, Poland
Correspondence between Andrzej Kowerski, Wladimir Ledóchowski and Barbara Pienkowska
Andrzej Kowerski’s birth certificate and war decorations
Christine Granville’s jewellery
Ian Sayer private archive, Spain
Photographs of Andrzej Kowerski (1975)
Recording of Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy and Harry Seaman, Munich (1976)
Cheque signed by Christine Granville
The Skarbek family papers, Britain
Skarbek genealogy based on Count Jerzy Dunin-Borkowski’s Almanach Błękitny (Blue Almanac)
Family photographs
PRESS, JOURNALS, FILM, TV, RADIO
ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PRESS
Daily Express
James Gleeson, ‘Stabbed Heroine Told Her Story’ (17.6.1952)
‘Spurned Lover Killed GM Heroine’ (2.7.1952)
Daily Mail
‘Beauty Queen a Secret Agent’ (21.5.1947)
‘Kindness Led to Murder: Christine Granville’s Mistake Ended in Death’ (12.9.1952)
Daily Mirror
‘Drama of Quiet Countess Who Was British Secret Service Agent’ (17.6.52)
‘Heroine dared me three times to kill her’ (2.7.1952)
Evening Standard
Arthur W. Jacobs, ‘The Little Man Who Loved a Heroine’ (11.9.1952)
The Guardian
Winston Churchill, ‘Poland’s and the Allies’ Loss’ (7.6.1943)
‘Chopin’s Birthplace: Centenary Plans for 1949’ (27.10.1947)
‘Death of Polish Countess’ (11.9.1952)
‘Murder of Former Secret Agent’ (12.9.1952)
Annalena McAfee, ‘The trouble I’ve seen’ (16.4.2011)
The Independent
M. R. D. Foot, ‘Michael Lis’ obituary (18.8.1994)
Piers Plowright, ‘Patrick Howarth’ obituary (19.11.2004)
The Leicester Mercury
Jeremy Clay, ‘The Pacifist Who Led A Secret Army’ (2005)
———, ‘The Spy Who Saved Me’ (2005)
LIFE
‘Who was Christine Granville?’, pp. 43–5 (7.7.1952)
The London Gazette
Third Supplement (16.5.1947)
News Chronicle, Cairo
Victor Azam, ‘Shyest Secret Agent’ (23.5.1947)
Observer Magazine
Daniel Farson, ‘Riddle of the Woman Pimpernel’ (20.10.1974)
Picture Post
Bill Stanley Moss, ‘Christine the Brave’ (13.9.1952)
———, ‘Christine the Brave: Fast Cars to Freedom’ (20.9.1952)
———, ‘Christine the Brave: The Face of a Killer’ (27.9.1952)
