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INDEX
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Note: Page numbers followed by n or nn refer to one or more endnotes.
Abbe, Ernst, 132, 133
Abrahamson, James A., 250, 251
accelerators, 28–29
accretion, 384
ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space), 339
ACES (Atomic Clock with Enhanced Stability), 339
achromatic lens, 130, 132
Active Denial/Silent Guardian System, 201, 470–71n
Adams, Evangeline, 55
adaptive optics, 154–56, 300, 457n
Adaptive Optics for Astronomical Telescopes (Hardy), 156
Advanced KH-11 satellites, 205–6, 343
Advanced LIGO, 461n
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 181, 216, 222, 270, 490–91n
AEHF (Advanced Extremely High Frequency), 354
aerospace industry
consolidation after end of Cold War, 11, 411n
contracts with NASA, 21
military-space-industrial complex, 161
missile defense–related campaign contributions, 12, 411–12n
prosperity after September 11, 2001, 11
aerospace workforce, 21, 22, 27
AFCRL Infrared Sky Survey, 221–22
Africa
circumnavigation by ancient sailors, 72–73, 78, 434n
early migrations of humans from, 64, 430n
travels of the Portuguese, 81
agonic line, 94
Airborne Laser Laboratory, 156
Air Force Space Command
in Colorado Springs, 16, 341
contracts with aerospace corporations, 21
control of GPS system, 158, 337
space systems in Gulf War, 331
space war and cyberwar, 235–36, 274, 324–25
Alaska, and harbor creation by H-bombs, 285, 499n
albedo, 196–97, 207
Aldebaran, 73
Aldrin, Buzz, 353
Alexander, Edward Porter, 123, 124, 127, 447–48n
Alexander the Great, 78
All Quiet on the Western Front, 387
al-Ma’arri, 434n
Almagest (Ptolemy), 50
Alnilam, 67
aluminum, 194, 195, 469n, 528n
Alvan Clark & Sons, 130, 450n
see also Clark, Alvan
Amalfi, Italy, 76
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 112, 247
American Astronomical Society, 7, 149, 155, 378, 463n
American Civil Liberties Union National Security Project, 13, 413n
American empire, 34–36
American Philosophical Society, 112
American Science and Engineering (AS&E), 225–27
American Security Council, 304, 505n
American Security Project, 13
American Sign Language, 446–47n
America Retectio, 436n
Ampère, André-Marie, 220
Anaximander, 70
ancient astronomy
constellations and zodiac, 41
development of, 38–39
eclipses, 44–49
monuments and stoneworks, 41–42
records and predictions of events, 42–45
time measurement units, 39–41
see also astrology
Andromeda galaxy, 234
Andropov, Yuri, 258
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), 12, 250, 287, 293, 502n
antibiotic resistance, 14
Antikythera Mechanism, 44–45, 422–23n
antiwar movements, 8, 10, 410n
Apache helicopters, 332
apochromatic lens, 132
Apollo 1 disaster, 291
Apollo 8 mission, 289
Apollo 11 mission, 353, 369
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, 357, 521n
Arago, François, 142–43, 456n
Archimedes, 45, 46, 47, 423n
Area 51, 197
Arecibo Observatory, 181–82
Arianespace, 363
Aristarchus, 440n
Aristotle, 101, 169<
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Arkhipov, Vasili, 497n
Armageddon (movie), 255
armillary spheres, 44, 80, 101, 436n
Armstrong, Neil, 353
Arte de Navegar, 80
Art of War (Sun Tzu), 238
ASATs (antisatellite weapons), 257–59, 283, 291, 294, 356, 485n
Ashurnasirpal II, 33–34, 420n
Assyrian empire, 33–34
asteroids
deflection of, 253–55, 256, 484n
formation, 384, 385
impacts on Earth, 234, 253, 483n
mining of, 385–86
near-Earth objects (NEOs), 253–54, 255, 256
potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs), 190, 253
radar tracking of, 184, 190
rare earth metals in, 385
astrolabes, 38, 74, 80, 82, 84, 339
astrology
about, 49–51, 424–25nn
almanacs and periodicals, 57, 426n
Henry the Navigator’s horoscope, 79
in India, 54
“lunar cycle effect,” 56
in Nazi Germany, 57–63, 427–28nn, 429nn
opposition to, 51–52, 58–59, 425n
reliance on in wartime, 52, 425n, 429n
stock market and, 55–56
in the United States, 53–54
Vedic astrology, 54
see also ancient astronomy
astronomical photography, early history, 143–44, 456n
astronomical unit (AU), 440n
Astrophysical Journal, 149, 217
astrophysicists
antiwar sentiments, 9
collaboration and recent discoveries, 398–400, 404
employment opportunities, 22–23
as lateral thinkers, 150
telescope design and, 101–2, 133
tools and technology used, 149
astrophysics
alliance forged with military, 36–37, 150–52, 386
analysis of light and images, 149–50, 151–52, 176, 196, 198–99
and Cold-War science priorities, 29
electromagnetic spectrum and, 176
photography and, 140, 141–44
spectroscopy and, 140, 144–48
spending for vs. military spending, 403–4, 533nn
Atacama Desert, 200
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), 183, 200, 201, 231
atmosphere
transmission of electromagnetic radiation, 199–200, 214, 225
twinkling of stars and, 152–54, 300
water hole, 200–201, 470n
atomic bombs, 151, 190, 263, 303, 457n, 474n
atomic clocks, 333, 339
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 216, 285, 402, 497n, 532n
Atoms for Peace, 287, 498–99n
AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company), 128, 177–78, 501n
Augustine (saint), 51
Australia
early presence of modern humans, 64, 430n
exploration and colonization, 92
James Cook and, 92
as penal colony, 92
space program, 32
Square Kilometre Array, 183
Azores, 80, 94, 439n
Babel-17 (Delaney), 260
Babylonians, 40, 41, 42
Bacon, Francis, 52
Bacon, Roger, 106–7, 162
BAE Systems, 412n
Bahcall, John, 7
balance of terror, 285, 497–98n
Ball Aerospace and Technologies, 16
BAMBI (Ballistic Missile Boost Intercepts), 271, 278
Barnard’s Star, 344
Barr and Stroud Ltd, 136, 137
Battle of Copenhagen, 115–16
Bausch and Lomb Optical Company, 139, 140, 450n
Bay of Pigs, Cuba, 284
Bechtel, 11
Behaim, Martin, 87, 436n
Beidou system, 337
Bell, Alexander Graham, 128
Bell Labs (Bell Telephone Laboratories), 178–79, 288, 501n
Berkowski, Johann Julius Friedrich, 144
Berlin blockade, 266, 303
Berlin Wall, fall of, 11, 29, 358, 374
B-52 bombers, 332
Big Dipper, 67, 432n
Bikini Atoll nuclear bomb tests, 402–3
Bilmes, Linda, 416n
bin Laden, Osama, 12, 206, 349
binoculars, 109, 125, 128, 132, 139, 451n
Biot, Jean-Baptiste, 456n
birds, as clue for wayfinders, 65, 430–31n
Blackwater USA, 11, 25
Blanton, Thomas, 497n
blending camouflage, 172
blinding, 174–75
Blue Origin, 300
Boeing
campaign contributions, 412n
in Colorado Springs, 16
prosperity after September 11, 2001, 11, 12
Russian rocket joint ventures, 363, 371
weapons manufactured by, 18, 20
Bolden, Charles, 376
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 115, 122, 130, 447n
Bond, William Cranch, 144
Book of Calculation (Fibonacci), 77
Book of Useful Information on the Principles and Rules of Navigation, 67
Borghese, Scipione, 104
Bourdieu, Pierre, 92
Bourne, William, 107
Bowen, Alan, 47–48
Brahe, Tycho, 49
Brahma, 40
Brazil, 81, 310, 431n, 444n, 518n
Brilliant Pebbles, 250, 271
British Mariner’s Guide (Maskelyne), 94
Broadmoor Hotel and Resort, 16, 17, 24, 26
Broder, John M., 250
bronze, 44, 69, 422n, 432n
Browne, Malcolm, 334–35, 336
Brown, Louis, 185, 187, 190, 464n, 465n, 467n
Brunhübner, Fritz, 62–63
B-2 stealth bombers, 198, 303, 470n
Buchheim, Robert W., 248, 481–82n
Buckland, Michael, 454n
Bulganin, Nikolai, 277
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 310–11
Bull Run, First Battle of, 124, 448n, 449n
Bunsen, Robert, 147
Burbidge, Margaret and Geoffrey, 402
Burns, Dean, 306
Burrows, William E., 80, 206, 270, 357, 362, 366, 468n
Bush, George H. W., 293, 358
Bush, George W.
Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry, 411n
on the nature of power, 508–9n
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 16, 19, 24
reasons for Iraq War, 336, 515n
on space cooperation with China, 376
space policy, 503–4n
and Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars), 12
Butler, Samuel, 108
Butrica, Andrew, 185
Cabral, Pedro Álvares, 81, 431n
californium-254, 402
Cameron, Julia Margaret, 142
camouflage, 125, 172–74, 175, 462n
Canada
education and life expectancy, 519n
and International Space Station, 352, 353, 365, 520n
military spending, 353, 519n
partnerships with US space program, 353
radar astronomy, 191
space program, 352–54, 520n
space spending, 354, 519–20n
Canadarm and Canadarm2, 353, 368, 520n
Canadian Space Agency, 353, 519–20n
Canary Islands, 78, 80, 85, 94
Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge, 80
Cano, Juan Sebastián del, 88
Canopus (Suhail), 67, 73–74, 434n
Cape Bojador, 81, 83
Cape St. Vincent, Portugal, 89
Cape Verde islands, 88
capitalism and innovation, 4, 5–6
Caracol at Chichén Itzá, 42
Carl Zeiss AG, 132
Carl Zeiss Foundation, 132–33, 138–39, 451nn, 454n
Carrington Event, 160
Carrington, Ric
hard, 160
Carthage, 70, 73
Cartwright, James E., 531n
Cassini, Giovanni, 103
cathode-ray vacuum tubes, 186
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 114, 228, 265, 268, 278, 500n
CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), 326
Certaine Errors in Navigation (Wright), 439n
Ceuta (Morocco), 80
chaff, 194–96, 469n
Chain Home radar network in Britain, 187–88, 467n
Chaisson, Eric J., 227–28, 230–31
Chance Brothers (Birmingham, England), 131, 136, 452n
Chandra, Vikram, 54, 92
Chandra X-ray Observatory (NASA), 199, 226
Chaplin, Charlie, 462n
Chaplin, Joyce E., 90–91
Chappe brothers, 120
Chappe, Claude, 120–21, 122
Chappe telegraph, 120–23, 124, 446–47nn
charge-coupled devices (CCDs), 202–6, 343
charts, maritime
in fifteenth century, 82, 84, 87, 89, 436–37n
in fourteenth century, 77–78
planar charts, 84, 436–37n
in seventeenth century, 84
in sixteenth century, 90
use by Portuguese, 82, 89
see also maps and mapmaking; navigation
ChemCam, 242, 389–90
Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 255, 357
China
ancient astronomy, 41, 42–43, 49, 421–22nn
Beidou system, 337
contact with NASA prohibited, 376
counterspace capabilities, 236, 373, 478–79n
early presence of modern humans, 64, 430n
education and life expectancy, 519n
exclusion from ISS, 366, 373–74, 376–77
Han dynasty view of heaven, 41, 421n
kinetic-kill space vehicle, 32–33, 356
military modernization, 373
military spending, 353, 519n
most favored nation status, 375
quantum satellite (Micius), 236, 351
rare earth elements, 383–84
research and development spending, 30
as satellite-launching power, 375–76
science and technology degrees awarded, 22
Shenzhou spacecraft, 376, 377
and space power, 318–19, 372–73
space program, 5, 26, 32, 236, 318, 350–51
space-science missions, 351, 518–19n
space stations, 318, 375, 376
Strategic Support Force, 373
surveillance in Xinjiang Province, 310, 356, 379
Tiananmen Square protests, 374
trade and diplomacy in fifteenth century, 78–79, 435n
US balance-of-trade deficit with, 372–73
as US competitor, 372–76
in world economy, 373, 419n, 525n
Xia Dynasty, 43
Churchill, Winston, 190, 243, 265
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