51
Washington Constitution, Nov. 3, 1860; Philadelphia Public Ledger, Nov. 5, 1860.
52
Montgomery Advertiser, Dec. 24, 1917, and Jan. 13, 1918; Hill Ferguson, “John Wilkes Booth and Louise C. Wooster,” unpublished typescript (1952), Hill Ferguson Papers, Birmingham Public Library Archives; Idah McGlone Gibson, “In My Portrait Gallery,” Woman Beautiful Magazine, vol. 2 (Feb. 1909), p. 20; Montgomery Advertiser, March 4, 1920; Palm-Beach Post, Dec. 7, 1929.
53
The Assassination and History of the Conspiracy (Cincinnati: J. R. Hawley, 1865), p. 56; Booth Scrapbook, Folger Shakespeare Library.
54
“The Stage Memories of John A. Ellsler,” pp. 111, 114, typescript, n.d., Western Reserve Historical Society Library, Cleveland, Ohio.
55
“Sketch of John Wilkes Booth, the Murderer of the President,” unidentified clipping [April 1865], Booth Scrapbook, p. 12, Folger Shakespeare Library; New York Herald, April 16, 1865.
56
W. Jonathan Dickson, La guerre d’Amerique, 1860–1865 …. avec un Appendice contenant la biographie de J. Wilkes Booth (Paris: Librairie des Communes, 1865), p. 203, reading “Il passait pour fou.”
57
“The Stage Memories of Ellsler,” p. 129.
58
Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times, Dec. 22, 1860.
59
Autobiography of a Magdalen, p. 52.
60
John T. ford, testimony, May 25, 1867, United States House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Impeachment Investigation. Testimony Taken …. in the Investigation of the Charges against Andrew Johnson, 39th Congress, 2nd Session, and 40th Congress 1st Session (Washington: GPO, 1867), p. 535; New York Clipper, Dec. 15, 1860; New York Times, Dec. 10, 1860.
61
Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times, Dec. 22, 1860.
62
Asia to Jean Anderson, Philadelphia, Dec. 16, 1860, A. B. Clarke Papers, MdHS.
63
Philadelphia Press, Dec. 14, 1860. Booth’s speech shows the influence of several of these orators. It mentioned approvingly speaker Theodore Cuyler, president of the Select Council, who opined that abolitionists were abusing freedom of speech, and his fear that abolitionist teachings, having reached the slaves, endangered the lives of slave-owners. George W. Woodward of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court rebuked Henry Ward Beecher by name and took issue with the idea that slavery was a sin.Brown, who handled legal affairs in Philadelphia for the elder Booth in the 1830s, worked to have J. B. Booth, Jr., released from prison in 1865. See J. B. Booth Jr., diary, June 22, 1865, Special Collections, Mugar Memorial Library, Boston University; Clarke, Booth, p. 125n.
64
Daniel W. Crofts, Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), pp. 196–200.
65
The manuscript of this speech was owned by the Players, New York City, for many years until sold by the club in 2007. Edwin noted on the first page of the manuscript that it “was found (long after his death) among some old play-books & clothes left by J. W. B. in my house.”The text was published in Rhodehamel and Taper, “Right or Wrong, God Judge Me,” pp. 55–64. This book contains a valuable context for the document. It should be supplemented by Jeannine Clarke Dodels, “John Wilkes Booth’s Secession Crisis Speech of 1860,” in Arthur Kincaid, ed., John Wilkes Booth, Actor: The Proceedings of a Conference Weekend in Bel Air, Maryland, May 1988 (North Leigh, Oxfordshire: Editor, 1989), pp. 48–51; and Dodels, “Water on Stone: A Study of John Wilkes Booth’s 1860 Political Draft Preserved at the Players Club” (1992 revision), copy supplied me by Ms. Clarke Dodels.I present the speech here with some text rearranged for clarity.
66
Rochester Evening Express, Jan. 26, 1861.
67
Portland Sunday Telegram, April 13, 1902, quoting from the Advertiser of April 29, 1861, with “shuttlecock” quotation; James Moreland, “A History of the Theatre in Portland, 1794–1932,” 2 vols., typescript (1938), vol. 1, p. 231, Portland Public Library.
68
“Booth as Othello,” n.d., in J. B. Booth Jr., scrapbook, Seymour Collection, Princeton University Library.
69
New York Clipper, Feb. 9, 1861.
70
New York Clipper, Feb. 9, 23, 1861; Albany Atlas and Argus, Feb. 18, 1861; New York Sunday Mercury, Aug. 15, 1886; Henry D. Stone, Personal Recollections of the Drama (New York: B. Blom, 1969, from the 1873 ed.), p. 70.
71
Henry P. Phelps, Players of a Century: A Record of the Albany Stage (New York: B. Blom, 1972, from the 1890 2nd ed.), p. 326.
72
Albany Evening Journal, Feb. 18, 1861.
73
Phelps, Players of a Century, pp. 324–26, with Cuyler’s remark on Booth’s mood change.
74
Frank A. Burr, “John Wilkes Booth: The Scene of the Assassin’s Death Visited,” Boston Sunday Herald, Dec. 11, 1881.
75
Orders went out from city and state officers on the night of April 19 for the destruction of the North Central and the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroads. Troops from Philadelphia were unable to reach the city on April 21. The White House did not receive New York newspapers, then three days old, until April 23. There was only mail from the South on April 24 “on account of the stoppage of the trains on the Northern Rail Roads,” wrote John Hay. “A few letters and papers” from the North arrived on April 25, and the situation improved thereafter. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), pp. 3–12.
76
Albany Evening Journal, April 19, 1861.
77
A. D. Doty to the Washington Chronicle, n.d. [April 1865], in L. C. Baker, History of the United States Secret Service (Philadelphia: author, 1867), pp. 549–50.
78
“Jocko, the Brazilian Ape,” performed by Canito on April 24 and characterized in “A Monkey in Love,” clipping, n.d., “Scrapbook of Drama,” author’s collection; New York Times, Jan. 22, 1875; Albany Atlas and Argus, April 24, 1861.
79
T. Allston Brown, History of the American Stage (New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1870), p. 191; New York Sunday Mercury, Nov. 12, 1881. Maria Irving’s first stage appearance was at Troy, New York, in 1859. New York Clipper, Dec. 3, 1859. My student Kimberly R. Moss provided me with numerous facts on Irving’s life.
80
New York Clipper, June 12, 1858.
81
Townsend, Life, Crime, and Capture, p. 24.
82
Madison (Ind.) Daily Courier, May 11, 1861, copy courtesy of Cynthia Faunce, Indiana State Library.
83
Cincinnati Enquirer, January 19, 1886.
84
New York Sunday Mercury, May 21, 1893.
85
The books were a two-volume set of John S. C. Abbott’s The History of Napoleon Bonaparte (1859). John K. Lattimer owned the books and allowed me to examine them and many other treasures in his collection.
86
H. C. Young to Edwin Stanton, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 20, 1865, 2/33–35, NA M599.
87
New York Clipper, May 25, 1861; Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times, May 25, 1861. Neither rebuked him severely. The latter newspaper reported the story with a certain light-heartedness.
88
James Hall to William H. Herndon, St. Denis, Md., Sept. 17, 1873, in Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), p. 582.
89
Thomas F. Cotter, “The Merryman Affair,” [Baltimore County Historical Society] History Trails, vol. 24 (Winter 1989–90), p. 7.
90
The South (Baltimore), April 22, 1861.
91
Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 8; James O. Hall, “Butler Takes Baltimore,” Civil War Times Illustrated, vol. 17 (Aug. 1978), pp. 4–10, 44–46.
92
William A. Howell, “Memories of Wilkes Booth,” Baltimore Sun, Nov. 23, 1899; San Antonio Express, Feb. 27, 1913. For Howell at the Holliday, see New York Clipper, Sept. 22, 1860. I am indebted to Donaly E. Brice, Texas State Library, for helpful information on Howell.
93
“May’s Dramatic Encyclopedia,” entry of May 12 [actually 21], 1861, MdHS.
94
Washington Post, Jan. 5, 1902.
95
G. W. Booth, Personal Reminiscences of a Maryland Soldier in the War between the States, 1861–1865 (Baltimore: Fleet, McGinley, 1898), p. 9.
96
Ralph W. Powell, “George Proctor Kane: Hero or Traitor?” (Honors History Paper, Northern Virginia Community College, 1990), author’s collection. Banks’s “To the People of the City of Baltimore,” Headquarters, Dept. of Annapolis, June 27, 1861, in OR, ser. 1, vol. 2, chap. 9, pp. 140–41. Kane obituaries in June 24, 1878, issues of the Sun and Gazette (of Baltimore).
97
New York Dramatic News, July 1, 1882.
98
New York Dramatic Mirror, Aug. 15, 1896.
99
OR, ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 666–67; Mark Neely, The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties (New York: Oxford, 1991), pp. 16–28.
100
Robert H. Rhodes, ed., All for The Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage, 1992), p. 12.
101
The South (Baltimore), Aug. 20, 1861.
102
The South (Baltimore), May 17, 1861.
103
The South (Baltimore), Aug. 27, 1861.
104
Clarke, Booth, p. 66; Clarke to Jean Anderson [Philadelphia], June 27, 1861, Clarke Letters, MdHS. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 8, 1880, for the raid and Booth’s warning Stump.
105
Book listed as item 56, R. M. Smythe Sale 216 (Nov. 29, 2001).
106
Militia Appointment Records, volume for 1822–62, page 41, Records of the Adjutant General of Maryland, Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis; Men of Mark in Maryland, vol. 1 (1907), pp. 359–62. Bel Air Aegis and Intelligencer, Jan. 22, 1886, courtesy of James Chrismer and John W. Stump, contains highly interesting information on Stump’s activities, Booth’s ride to his assistance, and the concealment of county arms. Stump in 1861 in St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 8, 1880.
107
Baltimore Sun, Jan. 16 and Dec. 25, 1860, Jan. 15, 1861; contemporary copies of Hicks to E. H. Webster, Annapolis, Nov. 9, 1860; Webster to Hicks, Bel Air, June 6, 1861; and Stump to Webster, Bel Air, June 17, 1861, Archives Division, HSHC.
108
OR, ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 332.
109
Hunter C. Sutherland, “Biographical Sketch of George Washington Archer (1824–1907),” Harford Historical Bulletin, no. 38 (Fall 1988), p. 106; Bel Air Southern Aegis and Intelligencer, July 20, 1861.
110
Glenn A. Porter, “Union and Anti-Negro Sentiment in Harford County, 1858–1868” (M.A. thesis, Morgan State College, 1971), p. 40, mentioning also the reward for Stump. The soldiers withdrew about 10:00 a.m., July 14, “amid the most deafening cheers for Jefferson Davis and groans for Lincoln.”
111
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 8, 1880.
112
New York Tribune, May 5, 1865.
113
Clarke, Booth, pp. 67, 82–83.
114
Chicago Times, April 25, 1865.
115
Clipping, n.d. [St. Louis, Mo., April 1865], Booth File, Manuscript Department, Illinois State Historical Library; New York Times, April 21, 1865. Correspondent J. R. Hamilton reported these little-known facts from Richmond in an article filed April 18.
116
“Sketch of John Wilkes Booth,” clipping, n.d. [1865], Booth Scrapbook, Folger Shakespeare Library.
117
Reid Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers (New York: Viking, 1988), p. 17.
118
Providence (R.I.) Literary Subaltern, Jan. 15, 1830.
119
B. F. Morris, Memorial Record of the Nation’s Tribute to Abraham Lincoln (Washington: W. H. & O. H. Morrison, 1865), p. 33.
120
New York Play Bill, April 21, 1865.
121
Kansas City Star, Nov. 8, 1897; St. Louis Sunday Republic, clipping, n.d., Box 6, F. L. Black Papers, Special Collections, Kresge Library, Oakland University; Clarke, Booth, p. 39.
122
Edwin Booth to Capen, Windsor Hotel [London], July 28, 1881, Grossman, Edwin Booth, p. 227; June in Clarke, Booth, pp. 118–19.
123
Trial of John H. Surratt, 2 vols. (Washington: GPO, 1867), vol. 2, p. 1229.
124
Richmond Times Dispatch, June 18, 1938; Roman mother in two versions emanating from John T. Ford, draft of letter to the editors of the Baltimore Gazette, n.d., Ford Mss., MdHS, and Trial of Surratt, vol. 2, p. 1229, remarks of Joseph H. Bradley Sr., attorney for John H. Surratt Jr., on Aug. 2, 1867. Lillian W. Aldrich, Crowding Memories (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1920), pp. 72–73, reports, “[He] had only been held from joining Lee’s army and fighting against his country by the promise given in answer to his mother’s prayer.”
125
Asia B. Clarke to Jean Anderson, Philadelphia, n.d., Clarke Letters, MdHS.
126
Baltimore American, June 8, 1893.
127
Grossman, Edwin Booth, p. 227.
128
Flag in collection of the Museum of the Confederacy (#0985.06.0126) with a note that it was “given to Mrs. Robert Nelson Hanna of Bel Air, MD., by John Wilkes Booth during the War.”
129
“Herman left at 5 [p.m.], intends leaving soon for parts unknown, the Federalists after him to imprison him for Southern principles, till the end of the war.” Priscilla S. Griffith (Stump’s sister), diary, Aug. 9, 1861, Alice Parker Collection, HSHC; The South (Baltimore), Aug. 27, 1861.
CHAPTER 5. SHINING IN THE ROUGH
1
Terry Alford, “Mary Ann Holmes, Actress?” Surratt Courier, vol. 16 (May 1991), pp. 5–6.
2
Clarke, Booth, pp. 44–45.
3
Thomas, Print of My Remembrance, p. 59.
4
National Police Gazette, April 22, 1865; Baltimore Sun, June 4, 1903.
5
“Sketch of John Wilkes Booth, the Murderer of the President,” clipping, n.d. [April 1865], Booth Scrapbook, Folger Shakespeare Library.
6
Buffalo Morning Express, April 17, 1865; Atlanta Constitution, Jan. 2, 1885; L. C. Baker, “$30,000 Reward” poster, Washington, D.C., 1865, JOH.
7
Edwin Booth, passport application, Boston, Aug. 3, 1861, vol. 212 (1861), RG 59, NA.
8
New York Times, June 30, 1878.
9
John M. Barron’s reminiscences, appearing in the Baltimore Sun between Nov. 4, 1906, and April 7, 1907, provide the quotes from Jefferson and Neafie.
10
John S. Mosby Jr., “The Night That Lincoln Was Shot,” Theatre Magazine, vol. 17 (June 1913), p. 180.
11
DeBar Player Record-Book (1853–71), Ben DeBar Papers, A0368, Missouri Historical Society; St. Louis Star and Times, April 22, 1933; Charles A. Krone, “Recollections of an Old Actor,” Missouri Historical Society Collections, vol. 4, no. 2 (1913), pp. 221–32.
12
Grant Herbstruth, “Benedict DeBar and the Grand Opera House in St. Louis, Missouri, 1855–1879” (Ph.D. dissertation, Graduate College of the State University of Iowa, 1954), for an overview of Ben and his theater.
13
14
Booth v. Booth, Records of the Supreme Judicial Court, Suffolk County, Mass.; New York World, Jan. 11, 1925; T. Allston Brown Scrapbook Collection, vol. 4, p. 215, Van Pelt Library, University of Pennsylvania; Asia to Jean Anderson, Philadelphia, n.d., Clarke Letters, MdHS.
15
Booth to Joseph Simonds, Philadelphia, Oct. 9, 1861, in Rhodehamel and Taper, “Right or Wrong, God Judge Me,” p. 72.
16
New York Dramatic Mirror, Dec. 11, 1886; Chicago Tribune, Aug. 29, 1877; Margaret E. McConnell, “William Warren II: The Boston Comedian” (Ph.D. dissertation, Speech and Theatre, Indiana University, 1963), p. 98.
17
St. Louis Sunday Republic, April 19, 1903.
18
Fortune's Fool: The Life of John Wilkes Booth Page 50
