117
Baltimore Sun, Feb. 12, 1926; Ferguson, “I Saw Lincoln Shot!” American Magazine, Aug. 1920, p. 15; Independent, April 4, 1895, p. 430, courtesy of my friend Michelle Krowl; New York Herald, April 15, 1865.
118
James J. Gifford, testimony, May 19, 1865, and John T. Ford, testimony, May 31, 1865, both in Steers, The Trial, pp. 102, 117; Washington Star, April 15, 1915.
119
San Francisco Call, May 1, 1892; Withers, testimony, May 15, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, p. 79; New York World, Feb. 12, 1911; New Orleans Times-Picayune, Dec. 28, 1879; New York Sun, Feb. 11, 1917. Richard Sloan, “John Wilkes Booth’s Other Victim,” American Heritage, vol. 42 (Feb.–March 1991), pp. 114–16, is a fine overview.
120
Burroughs, statements of April 15 and 24, 1865, 4/65–70 and 4/135–37, NA M599.
121
Mary J. Anderson, testimony, May 16, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, p. 75.
122
Washington Critic, April 17, 1885.
123
Washington Evening Star, April 18, 1885.
124
Stewart, testimony of May 20, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, pp. 79–80, and of June 17, 1867, in Trial of Surratt, vol. 1, pp. 126–27; “The Route Booth Rode,” manuscript (ca. 1909), p. 22, JOH.
125
Philadelphia North American, Feb. 11, 1911. Rathbone assisted others in getting Lincoln from his chair, according to William T. Kent. St. Louis Globe Dispatch, Dec. 3, 1891.
CHAPTER 11. EXIT BOOTH
1
“Washington,” clipping, May 3 [1869], Townsend Scrapbook Collection, item 128, pp. 81–82, Townsend Collection, Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis.
2
Silas Cobb, statement, n.d. [April 1865], 4/172–78, NA M599, and his testimony, May 16, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, pp. 84–85.
3
Sun and moon data for Washington, D.C, April 14, 1865, Astronomical Applications Dept., U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C., at USNO website; entry for April 14, 1865, “Meteorological Journal No. 26,” Naval Observatory, Box 2, NC-3, Entry 63, Records of the Weather Bureau, RG 27, NA. This source provided all weather data in the chapter unless otherwise indicated. Thanks to Kevin Ambrose for his interpretation of this material.
4
New York Herald, March 31, 1869.
5
Frederick A. Demond, statement, Cavendish, Vt., June 12, 1915, Folder 13, Box 7, Swaim Papers, Georgetown University Library; Demond to George Demond, April 21, 1865 [Washington, D.C.], quoted in Boston Traveler, April 14, 1964.
6
Polk Gardner, testimony, May 16, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, p. 85, and his statement, n.d. [April 1865], 4/344–47, NA M599; New York Times, July 8, 1865.
7
Steers, Blood on the Moon, p. 136; Benjamin F. Cooling III and Walton H. Owen II, Mr. Lincoln’s Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington (Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane Publishing, 1988), pp. 198–99, 207. Wally Owen provided insights on these points.
8
“Assassination and Funeral of President Lincoln, arranged by C. C. Carrington,” scrapbook, 2 vols. (1871), vol. 1, p. 14, John Hay Library, Brown University.
9
Statement of Herold to Rev. Mark L. Olds, who attended him at his execution, and found in W. M. Clarke manuscript (1923), copy courtesy of my friend Bill Luetge.
10
New York Morning Advertiser, May 16, 1895; Herold, statement, April 27, 1865, 4/442ff., NA M599, containing all facts in this chapter related to him unless otherwise indicated.
11
M. P. Pope, statement, April 27, 1865, 4/511–15, NA M599.
12
James P. Ferguson, statement, 4/339ff, NA M599.
13
Washington Sunday Gazette, Feb. 22, 1885.
14
Washington Star, January 10, 1885; Kauffman, American Brutus, p. 63. JoAnn Dawson of Fairwinds Stables provided her insight into all manner of horse issues.
15
Thomas Davis, statement and interrogatory, April 29, 1865, 4/245–60, NA M599.
16
John M. Lloyd, statement, April 22, 1865, 2/199–209, NA M599; his interrogatory, April 28, 1865, 5/148–83, NA M599; and his testimony, May 13, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, p. 86; Philadelphia Press, May 8, 1896 (“stout and surly”); George Cottingham, testimony, May 25, 1865, in Poore, The Conspiracy Trial, vol. 2, page 193.
17
T. M. Harris, “The Case of Mrs. Surratt,” New York Sun, n.d. 1901, LFFRC.
18
John T. Ford, manuscript statement, n.d. [on verso of 1880s stationery], Ford Papers, MdHS.
19
“The Route Booth Rode,” p. 28, JOH. Based on a postwar interview, this document offers a different but perhaps more honest account of Lloyd’s reaction than that he provided authorities in 1865.
20
Lloyd, testimony, June 24, 1867, Surratt Trial, vol. l, p. 284; report of A. R. Allen and W. W. Kirby to L. C. Turner, April 23, 1865, 7/369–73, NA M599.
21
“Wild Ride for Life,” clipping, n.d. [1869], LFFRC.
22
“The Route Booth Rode,” p. 24, JOH; Thomas Ewing to Andrew Johnson, July 10, 1865, Mudd Pardon File, RG 204, NA.
23
New York Herald, March 31, 1869; Mudd, statements [April 1865], 5/212-0239, NA M599; Washington National Tribune, May 6, 1915.
24
Paul Devere, “The Flight of J. Wilkes Booth,” No Name Magazine, vol. 1 (July 1890), p. 182.
25
Mudd, Life of Mudd, pp. 30–33.
26
James O. Hall, John Wilkes Booth’s Escape Route (Clinton, Md.: Surratt Society, 2000), p. 8.
27
Boston Daily Globe, Jan. 3, 1886.
28
New York Times, Aug. 4, 1865.
29
Samuel Cox Jr., manuscript notes (1893) of an 1877 conversation with Mudd, found in the margins of his copy of Jones, J. Wilkes Booth, MdHS; Oldroyd, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 268–69.
30
Oscar (Ausy) Swan, statement, 6/227–29, NA M599.
31
Samuel Cox Jr. to Mrs. B. T. Johnson, Rich Hill, July 20, 1891, copy in Cox Files, JOH; H. H. Wells, statement, May 8, 1865, 4/207, NA M599; Cox Sr. interrogatory, Carroll Prison, April 28, 1865, vol. 92, Joseph Holt Papers, LOC; May (Mary) Swann, 6/160–64, NA M599; Philadelphia Press, May 8, 1896; Norma L. Hurley, “Samuel Cox of Charles County,” Record [of the Historical Society of Charles County, Maryland] 53 (Oct. 1991), pp. 1–6.Cox and his son swore the fugitives never entered the house. Oswald Swan swore they did. Swann upheld Cox’s story at the time, but later she reportedly told close friends the two were admitted and fed.
32
Cora Frear Hawkins, “John Wilkes Booth’s Easter Sunday in Southern Maryland,” Baltimore Sun, April 13, 1941, for Mary Swann’s observations.
33
Port Tobacco Times, Dec. 25, 1896; Washington Evening Star, Dec. 22, 1896.
34
Jones, J. Wilkes Booth, passim; George A. Townsend, “How Wilkes Booth Crossed the Potomac,” Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, vol. 27 (April 1884), pp. 822–32; Oldroyd, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 101–10.
35
Boston Daily Globe, Jan. 3, 1886; Cincinnati Enquirer, April 16, 1892.
36
Washington Post, Jan. 19, 1890; Boston Daily Globe, March 13, 1895.
37
James R. O’Beirne, diary, n.d. [April 1865], New York Times, Dec. 7, 1930; Sunday Oregonian (Portland), April 4, 1943, which also contains “So help me Gawd.”
38
Thomas Reed Turner, Beware the People Weeping: Public Opinion and the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), p. 45.
39
Chicago Times, April 15, 1865; Chicago Evening Journal, April 15, 1865; Boston Post, April 17, 1865; Bal
timore Clipper, April 17–19, 1865; Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, April 15, 1865; Robert Herron, “How Lincoln Died in Cincinnati,” Bulletin, Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, vol. 17 (Jan. 1959), p. 24. The grief was not universal. Someone in most towns, North and South, approved of Booth’s deed. Northerners whose incautious utterances Booth read in the newspapers were there because they received rough handling or worse. Not unexpectedly, the farther south one went, the greater the approval, until one reached Texas, where satisfaction over Lincoln’s death was most widespread. Booth did not live to learn that, of course. John S. Wise, serving with Johnston’s army in North Carolina, wrote perceptively of his fellow Southerners: “Lincoln incarnated to us the idea of oppression and conquest. Among the thoughtless, the desperate, and the ignorant, [his death] was hailed as a sort of retributive justice. Among the higher officers and the most intelligent and conservative men, the assassination caused a shudder of horror at the heinousness of the act and at the thought of its possible consequences.” Wise, The End of an Era, p. 454.
40
F. W. Heath, diary, April 19, 1865, Huntington Cairns Papers, Manuscript Division, LOC; New York Daily Tribune, April 17, 1865.
41
Chicago Christian Times, April 20, 1865.
42
Clipping [April 1865], Carrington Scrapbook, John Hay Library, Brown University; Washington National Intelligencer, April 26, 1865.
43
New York Clipper, April 22 and May 8, 1865.
44
Richmond Whig, April 17, 1865.
45
Troy Weekly Times, April 29, 1865.
46
Clipping, n.d., Booth Scrapbook, Folger Shakespeare Library.
47
Columbus (Ohio) Crisis, April n.d., 1865, author’s collection.
48
Hanchett, “Booth’s Diary,” p. 40, with some textural rearrangement for clarity; St. Louis Missouri Republican, June 18, 1878; “The Crime of Lincoln’s Murder,” unpaginated.
49
Washington National Intelligencer, July 8–9, 1867.
50
Prentiss Ingraham, “Pursuit and Death of John Wilkes Booth,” Century Monthly Illustrated Magazine, vol. 39 (Jan. 1890), p. 446n.
51
La Plata (Md.) Crescent, Dec. 25, 1896.
52
Independent, vol. 47 (April 4, 1895), p. 430; Cincinnati Enquirer, Jan. 19, 1886.
53
Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, June 28, 1878.
54
Verge, “That Trifling Boy,” pp. 4–9; James L. Swanson, Manhunt: The Twelve-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer (New York: William Morrow, 2006), p. 279; John C. Brennan, “Hobbledehoy David Edgar Herold,” typescript (1986), author’s collection. Only John C. Brennan, bless his soul, could have conceived such an article at this. Eye color in Lt. Col. C. W. Davis to Col. Bernard Laibold, St. Louis, Mo., April 21, 1865, Letters Sent Relating to the Secret Service (184–65), vol. 559/1391, DMO, RG 393, NA. A second report says his eyes were hazel.
55
Steers, Blood on the Moon, p. 209.
56
“He Led the Pursuit of Booth,” Philadelphia Press, May 8, 1896.
57
Baltimore Sun, April 13, 1941.
58
Portland (Ore.) Telegram, April 3, 1909.
59
Mason, “Four Lincoln Conspiracies,” p. 905. A Washingtonian with connections to the War Department, Mason interviewed the Quesenberrys, among others. Log of the Juniper, April 20, 1865, noting “cloudy with thick foggy weather.” The vessel anchored off Mathias Point at 8:30 p.m. and remained there until it started downriver the following morning. Bureau of Navy Personnel, RG 24, NA. Tide data for Mathias Point on April 20 courtesy of Todd Ehret, physical geographer, NOAA Tides and Currents Office, CO-OPS.
60
James O. Hall’s interview with George C. Hughes, Dec. 31, 1975, and Willard C. Calkins Jr. to John Wearmouth, Ocean City, N.J., May 10, 1971, JOH. Herold’s attorney Frederick Stone said Hughes refused Booth “bread or any human intercourse.” Washington Capitol, Feb. 8, 1874.
61
Hanchett, “Booth’s Diary,” pp. 40–42, with some rearrangement of punctuation for clarity of reading.
62
Log of the Juniper, April 22, 1865; Herold, statement, 4/442ff., NA M599.
63
Herold’s statement, also mentioning Booth’s soreness.
64
Townsend, “Crime of Lincoln’s Murder,” n.p.; Cincinnati Enquirer, Aug. 3, 1884. The latter item has all Harbin quotes given here.
65
Oldroyd, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, p. 282.
66
Elizabeth R. Quesenberry, deposition, May 16, 1865, 5/556–59, NA M599; Anderson C. Quisenberry, Genealogical Memoranda of the Quisenberry Family and Other Families (Washington: Hartman and Cadick, 1897), p. 34.
67
William L. Bryant, statement, May 6, 1865, 4/94–97, NA M599.
68
W. N. Walton, “Booth’s Flight and Death,” clipping [May 3, 1865], Booth Scrapbook, Folger Shakespeare Library.
69
Tidwell, Hall, and Gaddy, Come Retribution, pp. 460–61; Boston Daily Globe, Jan. 3, 1886.
70
Richard H. Stuart, statement, May 6, 1865, 6/205–11, NA M599.
71
Mason, “Four Lincoln Conspiracies,” p. 908.
72
Boston Daily Globe, July 26, 1891; Booth’s remarks in St. George T. C. Bryan, notes of conversation with Hunter, n.d. [before 1916], Grinnan Family Papers, VHS.
73
Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, vol. 28 (Aug. 1884), p. 638.
74
William Lucas, statement, May 6, 1865, 5/144–47, NA M599.
75
New York Herald, May 4, 1865. This Lucas version of Booth’s threatening behavior, not the subsequent and melodramatic knife-flourishing scene, was confirmed by L. B. Baker. Impeachment Investigation, p. 484.
76
Booth wrote two notes to Stuart, in the first of which he stated he was enclosing five dollars. Stuart received Booth’s second note, lowering the amount enclosed as indicated. Impeachment Investigation, p. 677.
77
Statement of Stuart’s niece to Ella Mahoney, manuscript (1930s), HSHC. His wife saved the paper from the fire.
78
Kimmel, notebook, (1934), p. 52, Macdonald-Kelce Library, University of Tampa.
79
William Rollins, statements of May 20, 1865, 457/550–61, NA M619, and of May 6, 1865, 6/78–82, NA M599.
80
New York Herald, May 4, 1865.
81
Willie Jett, statement, May 6, 1865, 4/86–99, NA M599, and his testimony, May 17, 1865, in Steers, The Trial, p. 90–91.
82
Turner Rose, “Rappahannock Ferry,” Washington Post, March 13, 1938.
83
Everett C. Bumpus, “With Wilkes Booth in Maryland,” clipping, n.d., HTC.
84
Ingraham, “Pursuit and Death of John Wilkes Booth,” and Ingraham’s companion piece, “The Tragedy of the Civil War,” Pen and Ink (1902), Wilkerson Papers, LFFRC.
85
Buffalo Morning Express, May 10, 1865; Troy Weekly Times, May 13, 1865.
86
Lindsay G. Roach, “The Saddle of the Assassin Booth,” New York World, Feb. 7, 1909.
87
Thomas N. Conrad, The Rebel Scout (Washington: National Publishing, 1904), p. 153.
CHAPTER 12. THE LAST DITCH
1
New York Herald, May 4, 1865.
2
Jett, statement, May 6, 1865, 4/86–99, NA M599.
3
Ingraham, “The Tragedy of the Civil War,” LFFRC.
4
New York Sun, Feb. 11, 1917.
5
John M. Garrett and William H. Garrett, depositions, both May 20, 1865, 457/499ff., NA M619;
John M. Garrett, testimony, June 25, 1867, in Trial of Surratt, vol. 1, pp. 302–5; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Nov. 27, 1881.
6
“Last Days of Wilkes Booth,” clipping, n.d., folder titled “Newspaper and Pictorial Accounts of Lincoln Assassination, No. 1,” HRHRC.
7
Washington Star, May 24, 1890.
8
Bryan, Great American Myth, p. 269.
9
Betsy Fleet, ed., “A Chapter of Unwritten History: Richard Baynham Garrett’s Account of the Flight and Death of John Wilkes Booth,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 71 (Oct. 1963), p. 393; Boston Sunday Herald, Dec. 11, 1881; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Nov. 27, 1881.
10
Utica Daily Observer, Oct. 4, 1867.
Fortune's Fool: The Life of John Wilkes Booth Page 58
