Chayes, Abram
Checkpoint Charlie
military escorts for Allied civilians
restrictions on Allied crossings
as sole crossing point for Westerners
U.S.–Soviet confrontation at
Chen Yi
China
challenge to Soviet communist leadership
economic assistance to East Germany
on Khrushchev’s renunciation of Stalinism
Mao’s strained relations with Khrushchev
Soviet assistance to
Chou En-lai
Chuikov, Vasily
Clarke, Bruce C.
Army command posting
Berlin deliberations
constraint of Clay’s operations
on Johnson’s Berlin visit
Clay, Lucius D.
appointment to Berlin
Autobahn patrols
Berlin Airlift
on Berlin strategy
border escorts
Checkpoint Charlie confrontation
defiance of border procedures
East Berlin tour
on importance of West Berlin’s defense
with Kennedy in Berlin
on Kennedy’s resolve in Cuban Missile Crisis
morale-building mission to Berlin
plans to break through Wall
stance on Soviet Union
Steinstücken defense
Clifford, Clark
Couch, Virgil
Cuba
Bay of Pigs invasion
Acheson on
demonstration of Kennedy’s weakness
failure of mission
impact on Allied confidence
Kennedy’s acknowledgment of error
Khrushchev on
linking to Berlin issue
miscalculations and oversights
plan
pretext of U.S. noninvolvement
Castro’s communist inclinations
Soviet alliance
U.S. support of Batista
Cuban Missile Crisis
Allied support for Kennedy
Kennedy’s resolve
Khrushchev’s perception of Kennedy’s weakness
linking to Berlin issue
Soviet nuclear buildup
Soviet retreat
threat to U.S. cities
Daily News (New York)
Dealey, E. M. “Ted,”
de Gaulle, Charles
Eisenhower’s and Roosevelt’s disapproval of
on exclusion of Britain from Common Market
on German reunification
as Kennedy’s host in Paris
opposition to negotiation with Khrushchev
support for U.S. in Cuban Missile Crisis
on U.S. Berlin policy
Demichev, Pyotr
Deng Xiaoping
Dimmer, John
Dobrynin, Anatoly
as adviser for Vienna Summit
concessions from U.S. on missiles in Turkey
diplomatic postings
linking of Berlin and Cuban issues
Doherr, Annamarie
Dönhoff, Marion
Donner, Jörn
Dowling, Walter “Red”
under Adenauer’s influence
admiration for Adenauer
barring of, from East Berlin
in Berlin bureaucracy
on Clay’s appointment to Berlin
on Soviet policy
Dulles, Allen
Dulles, John Foster
East Berlin
Bernauer Strasse
job placement in
optimism during Vienna Summit
response to border closure
RIAS radio broadcasts
Stalinist architecture
tourism
See also East German border closure
East German border closure
Allied civilians
military escorts for
restrictions on
breach of Wall, plans for
confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie
escape attempts
expansion of
first public mention of
implementation of
initial discussions of
Kennedy
acquiescence
inaction
on prospect of closure
relief at closure
Khrushchev
approval
satisfaction
limitation to East German territory
logistical challenges
long-term consequences
official statement on
permanent barriers
plans and preparations
press conference on
punishment of escapees’ families
separation of friends and family
shoot-to-kill police orders
single crossing point for Westerners
tourism
violation of four-power agreements
Warsaw Pact states’ approval of
East Germany
Allied access rights
Chinese assistance to
economic decline and hardships
farm collectivization
Miss Universe refugee
refugee exodus
Soviet oil pipeline
Soviet treaty proposal granting control of access
Steinstücken access
West German trade
See also East Berlin; East German border closure
Economist
Eikemeier, Fritz
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
admiration for Adenauer
on Berlin situation
Camp David meeting with Khrushchev
concealment of Soviet missile capability
Cuban invasion plan
doubts about Kennedy’s abilities
ignoring of Khrushchev
Kennedy’s opinion of
Laos policy
on nuclear war
Paris Summit with Khrushchev
spy missions over Soviet Union
warning against de Gaulle
Eisler, Gerhard
Ellsberg, Daniel
Ende, Horst
Erhard, Ludwig
Fechter, Peter
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley
France. See de Gaulle, Charles
Frankfurter Rundschau
“free city” status for Berlin
Kennedy’s rejection of
Khrushchev’s idea for
Kissinger’s warning on
Ulbricht on
free elections in East and West Germany
Kennedy’s lack of commitment to
Kissinger’s position on
U.S. policy on
Fulbright, William
Gaevski, Stanislaw
Gagarin, Yuri
Gavin, James M.
Gelb, Norman
German frontiers and revanchism
German reunification
as Adenauer’s goal
Kennedy’s first mention of
Kennedy’s lack of commitment to
Khrushchev’s resistance to
realization of
skepticism about
Stalin on
U.S. policy on
West German hope for
Gilmore, Eddy
Gilpatric, Roswell
Goldwater, Barry
Gomulka, Wladyslaw
Goodwin, David
Grechko, Andrei
Grewe, Wilhelm
Gromyko, Andrei
and Kennedy’s invitation to Khrushchev
on loss of Chinese alliance
negotiations with Rusk
on Thompson’s efforts in Checkpoint Charlie confrontation
Vienna Summit strategy
on West Berlin parliament meeting
Gruson, Sydney
Guthman, Ed
Gvozdev, Yuri
Hager, Kurt
Harriman, W. Averell
on Khrushchev’s influence on U.S. presidential election (1960)
opinion of Khrushchev
Soviet policy deliberations
on Soviet position on Laos
on Soviet release of captive U.S. airmen
stance on Berlin issue
Hartel, Frederick O.
Heichler, Lucian
Hemsing, Albert
Herter, Christian A.
Higgins, Marguerite
Hildebrandt, Regine
Hillenbrand, Martin
Berlin deliberations
on compromised U.S. position in Berlin
on Kennedy’s consideration of war
reply to Khrushchev’s ultimatum
at Vienna Summit
Hillers, Marta
Ho Chi Minh
Hoffmann, Heinz
Holeman, Frank
Home, Lord (Sir Alec Douglas-Home)
Berlin deliberations
on Soviet demands at Vienna Summit
Honecker, Erich
border closure planning and supervision
career ambitions
death in exile
on East German sports movement
and refugee exodus
Hoxha, Enver
Humphrey, Hubert H.
Ibárruri, Dolores
Isaacson, Walter
Izvestia
Jacobson, Max
Jenkins, Kempton
Johns, Glover S., Jr.
Johnson, Lyndon
as host to Adenauer in Texas
morale-building mission to Berlin
on nuclear buildup plans
shopping in Berlin
Soviet policy deliberations
stance on Berlin issue
Junge Welt
Kádár, János
Kaganovich, Lazar
Kaysen, Carl
Kazennov, A. P.
Kellett-Long, Adam
at Checkpoint Charlie confrontation
on impending crisis
joke at border crossing
on Jacqueline Kennedy’s behavior
receipt of border closure announcement
report on border closure
Kennan, George
Kennedy, Jacqueline “Jackie” drug use
impression on de Gaulle
impression on Khrushchev
popularity
stylishness
Kennedy, Joseph P. “Joe,” Sr.
anticommunism and isolationism
wealth and ambition
womanizing
Kennedy, John F.
Acheson
influence over Kennedy
on Kennedy’s leadership ability
Adenauer
distrust of Kennedy
Kennedy’s opinion of
Berlin
on access rights in
assignment of Clay to
consequences of mishandling
on “free city” status proposal
motives about
public pressure for action on
references to West Berlin
reinforcement of garrison at
reluctance to discuss
security commitment to
televised Oval Office speech on
visit to
Cuba, Bay of Pigs invasion
acknowledgment of error
demonstration of weakness
failure of mission
linking to Berlin issue
miscalculations and oversights
plan
pretext of U.S. noninvolvement
Cuban Missile Crisis
de Gaulle and
death
drug use
East Berlin, on Soviet control of
East German border closure
acquiescence to
Checkpoint Charlie confrontation
inaction on
on military escort for U.S. vehicles
on prospect of
relief at
Eisenhower
on Berlin issue
on Kennedy’s leadership ability
Kennedy’s opinion of
on Laos
on nuclear war
election (1960)
inauguration and inaugural address
Khrushchev’s role in
margin of victory
Nixon–Kennedy debates
German reunification
first mention of
lack of commitment to
skepticism about
health
Khrushchev
back-channel communications with
confidential correspondence with
Kennedy’s mistrust of
on Kennedy’s weakness
misinterpretation of motives of
role in Kennedy’s election
ultimatum to Kennedy
military buildup
concern at cost of
defense spending
reinforcement of Berlin garrison
test launch of intercontinental ballistic missile
nuclear capability
call for disarmament
disclosure of details
fear of war
military instructions to NATO
nuclear testing
test ban proposal
war planning
political standing
popularity
on racial tensions in U.S.
self-assessment
Soviet policy, ambivalence on
spy-flight ban over Soviet territory
Vienna Summit
advance preparations through intermediary
agreement to meeting
arrival and first encounter with Khrushchev
casual conversation
on communism
on Cuba
disadvantage at outset
invitation to Khrushchev
on Iran
on Laos
on nuclear test ban
on permanent division of Berlin
poor performance
preconditions for
references to West Berlin
womanizing
youth and inexperience
Kennedy, Robert “Bobby”
back-channel communications, arrangement of
on Checkpoint Charlie confrontation
failure to document
on upcoming Vienna Summit
Berlin deliberations
concession on withdrawal of missiles from Turkey
KGB meeting on U.S. policy
pressure on, for early Kennedy–Khrushchev meeting
on Soviet nuclear testing
Kharlamov, Mikhail
Khrushchev, Nikita
background
captive U.S. airmen, release of
Berlin 1961 Page 68
