Castles of Steel

by Robert K. Massie

  354 “It was terrible”: Ibid., 149.

  354 “Words fail me”: Ibid., 147.

  355 “The more we heard”: Young, 111.

  355 “nearly broke my heart”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 111–12.

  355 “The happenings of the last week”: Chalmers, 175.

  355 “There never was a more disappointing day”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 110–12.

  355 “He knows cruiser work”: Ibid., 111.

  355 “intensely unhappy”: Marder, II, 144.

  356 “The Commodore gives”: Ibid., 145.

  356 “Should an officer commanding”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 117–18.

  356 “To break off an action”: Ibid., 120.

  356 “Beatty [is] very severe”: Ibid., 112.

  356 “Goodenough was so close”: Hough, Great War, 128.

  356 “The true guilt”: Ibid.

  356 “He lost three battles”: Marder, II, 140.

  356 “They were all actually in our grasp”: Ibid., 143.

  357 “a fool”: Goldrick, 213.

  357 “I suppose you must”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 185.

  357 “Lord Fisher said”: Hough, Great War, 128–29.

  358 “There never was such bad luck”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 108.

  358 “Dissatisfaction was widespread”: Churchill, I, 477–78.

  359 “a regular bombardment”: The Times, Dec. 18, 1914, 9.

  359 “the life of a single German soldier”: Ibid., Dec. 21, 1914, 8.

  359 “the bombardment possibly heralds”: Ibid., Dec. 18, 1914, 10.

  359 “It is extremely probable”: Scheer, 72.

  359 “because he was afraid”: Marder, II, 147.

  359 “entirely as a war measure”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 141.

  359 “The advance of the main fleet”: Groos, III, 72–73.

  359 “The restrictions enforced”: Scheer, 72.

  359 “The effort to preserve the fleet”: Groos, III, 110.

  CHAPTER 20: THE CUXHAVEN RAID: “STUPID GREAT THINGS, BUT VERY BEAUTIFUL”

  362 “As a naval officer”: Tirpitz, I, 181.

  362 “would be of no particular value”: Marder, I, 336.

  362 “I rated the zeppelin much lower”: Churchill, I, 313.

  363 “Aviation supersedes”: Randolph Churchill, Winston S. Churchill, II, 672.

  363 “for the protection”: Churchill, I, 312.

  363 “or seaplanes as I christened them”: Ibid.

  363 “I had fifty efficient”: Ibid.

  363 “airships on nocturnal missions”: Layman, 15.

  364 “our dockyards”: Marder, I, 339.

  364 “airplanes were the only means”: Churchill, I, 314.

  364 “by bombing from airplanes”: Ibid., 314–15.

  364 “the largest possible force”: Ibid., 315.

  365 “[I] arrived at 5 p.m.”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 81.

  366 “I got considerable butter”: Ibid., 83.

  366 “the enemy had a force present”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 165.

  366 “to deliver to the German mainland”: Layman, 61.

  366 “stewards who had been landed”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 95.

  367 The twin-hangar structure: The information about German navy zeppelins is from Layman, 74.

  368 “a thick ground fog”: Ibid., 86.

  370 “My method of defense”: Goldrick, 223.

  370 “given ordinary sea room”: Ibid., 121.

  370 “Zeppelins are not”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 98.

  370 “I wish all ships a Merry Christmas”: Ibid.

  371 “ship-wrecked mariners”: Layman, 112.

  372 “not by their exertions”: Ibid., 120.

  372 “They are awfully pleased”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 98.

  373 “information from a trustworthy source”: Churchill, II, 62–63.

  373 a letter to Churchill: Fisher, FGDN, III, 124.

  373 “My dear Fisher”: Churchill, II, 64.

  374 “clawed down in flames”: Ibid, I, 313.

  CHAPTER 21: THE BATTLE OF THE DOGGER BANK: “KINGDOM COME OR TEN DAYS’ LEAVE”

  376 “No offensive is to be carried”: Churchill, II, 61.

  376 “If the weather tomorrow”: Groos, III, 191–92.

  377 “Scouting Forces are to reconnoiter”: Ibid., 192–93.

  378 “He looked at me intently”: Ibid., 129.

  378 “Wilson wanted a rendezvous”: James, A Great Seaman, 145–46.

  379 “Four German battle cruisers”: Churchill, II, 130.

  379 “Through the long hours”: Ibid., 131.

  379 “the morning being”: Young, 172.

  380 “I had the first watch”: Ibid., 175–76.

  382 “The same efficiency”: Beatty Papers, I, 249.

  382 “The eastern horizon”: Young, 177.

  383 “The day was so clear”: Goodenough, 92.

  383 “Am in action”: Young, 178.

  384 “I was anxious at all costs”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 151.

  384 “at least eight large ships”: Ibid.

  385 “The pace at which the enemy”: Ibid, 152.

  385 “Enemy sighted are four battle cruisers”: Young, 178.

  385 “As day broke”: Chatfield, 131.

  385 “On the horizon ahead”: Hough, Great War, 132.

  386 “Get us within range”: Chatfield, 132.

  386 A midshipman on Indomitable: Schofield, 68.

  387 Beatty’s signals: Young, 179–82.

  387 “Well done, Indomitable”: Ibid., 183.

  387 “We were all in high spirits”: Ibid., 184.

  388 “Lion being our leading ship”: Ibid., 218–19.

  388 “How soon should we open fire”: Chatfield, 132.

  388 “We could see”: Young, 183.

  388 “Open fire”: Ibid.

  388 “to universal astonishment”: Churchill, II, 136.

  389 “The enemy appeared”: Young, 182.

  389 “a glare amid the smoke”: Ibid., 183.

  389 “Destroyers take station”: Ibid., 184.

  390 “Up to now”: Ibid.

  391 “to the conning tower”: Chatfield, 133.

  391 “It was impossible to endure the wind”: Ibid., 185.

  391 “The Admiral and his staff”: Ibid., 190–91.

  392 “Engage the corresponding ship”: Marder, II, 159.

  392 “the unmolested Moltke”: Ibid., 160.

  393 “Salvos of three”: Goldrick, 263.

  393 “At nine a.m. . . . our battle cruisers”: Scheer, 80.

  393 “the view . . . from the fire control”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 152.

  393 “The action signals”: Ibid.

  393 “The chances of support”: Ibid.

  393 “a great glowing mass of fire”: Young, 187.

  394 “A shell struck Seydlitz”: Chatfield, 134.

  394 “Need assistance badly”: Groos, III, 285.

  394 “Main fleet and flotillas”: Ibid.

  395 “It was wonderful to see”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 161.

  395 “cleaving the water”: Schofield, 67.

  395 “My range finder was useless”: Goldrick, 264.

  395 “Many . . . details registered”: Young, 216–17.

  396 “very nearly smothered”: Ibid., 205.

  396 “so violent”: Ibid., 189.

  396 “we must have been struck”: Chatfield, 134.

  397 “Close the enemy as rapidly”: Goldrick, 271.

  397 “We thought our last moment”: Young, 192.

  397 “Attack the enemy”: Ibid., 193.

  398 “At 10.54 a.m., submarines were reported”: Beatty Papers, I, 217.

  398 “Lion hoisted the signal”: Pelly, 148–50.

  399 “Good heavens, Sir”: Goldrick, 273.

  399 “Had he turned and steered”: Bacon, Modern Naval Strategy, 71.

  399 “The best course”: Marder, II, 161.

  400 “the whole spirit and direction”: Churchill, II, 138.

  400 “i
t was impossible to endure”: Young, 185.

  401 “What we need now”: Goldrick, 275.

  403 “Only when he realized”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 159.

  403 “I dismissed”: Ibid., 153.

  403 “If Hipper’s leadership”: Ibid., 159.

  404 “in stern turret D”: Ibid., 157.

  CHAPTER 22: THE BATTLE OF THE DOGGER BANK: “ WHY DIDN’T YOU GET THE LOT ? ”

  406 “a kind of obsession”: Young, 196.

  406 “Blücher was under fire”: Goldrick, 277, and Young, 208–9.

  406 “stayed for about twenty seconds”: Schofield, 67.

  406 “was in a pitiable condition”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 107.

  406 “It was a pathetic sight”: Schofield, 67.

  407 “As an example”: Corbett, II, 98.

  407 “As we turned”: Young, 207.

  407 “a tremendous picture”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 163.

  408 “Reports High Seas Fleet coming out”: Young, 198.

  408 “Some one said, ‘Moore is reporting”: Churchill, II, 132.

  408 “There can be few”: Ibid.

  409 “the horrid news”: Chatfield, 134.

  409 “an extraordinary spectacle”: Young, 201.

  409 “around him, cheering”: Ibid.

  409 “The Lion was one huge grandstand”: Ralph Seymour, 67.

  409 “with the admiral’s flag”: Young, 201.

  411 “an escort of thirteen”: Goldrick, 283.

  411 “Germans are preparing”: Ibid.

  411 “It was a strange journey”: Young, 204.

  412 “Keep a good lookout”: Ibid.

  412 “The silence of the ship”: Ibid., 204–5.

  412 “There was a thick fog”: Ibid., 219.

  413 “It was a bad decision”: Chatfield, 136.

  413 “incredibly small and mean”: Young, 232.

  413 “I most heartily congratulate”: Young, 211.

  413 “It will be some time”: Marder, II, 166.

  414 “After yesterday’s action”: Ibid., 167.

  414 “For the second time”: Churchill, II, 140.

  414 “The disappointment”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 163.

  414 “I think the spectacle”: Marder, II, 167.

  414 “I am against all charges”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 144.

  414 “despicable” and “No signals”: Marder, II, 168.

  415 “if, as has since been stated”: Ibid.

  415 “wanted to have”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 144.

  415 “poltroon” to “Any fool can obey orders”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 150–51.

  415 “Pelly did very badly”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 144–45.

  415 “had done very well”: Ibid., 145.

  415 “Special emphasis is laid”: Marder, II, 169.

  415 “The future and the present”: Ibid., 171.

  416 “in a split second”: Chalmers, 196.

  416 “urgently inquiring”: Young, 224.

  416 “I was taken”: Ibid., 225.

  416 “We know from themselves”: Chalmers, 197.

  416 “I’ve quite made up”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 150.

  416 “an indecisive fight”: Marder, II, 167.

  416 “Well do I remember”: Churchill, II, 89.

  417 “My impression”: Young, 205.

  417 “we had no director firing”: Ibid., 206.

  417 “Every one of them”: Ibid., 222.

  418 “would immediately have been fastened upon”: Ibid.

  418 “The result of the engagement”: Churchill, II, 143.

  418 “suspicion that the gunnery”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 181.

  418 “We went out to sea”: Young, 233.

  419 “in a marked degree”: Beatty Papers, I, 250.

  420 “Jellicoe’s Battle Squadrons”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 156.

  420 “The fundamental fact”: Ibid., 200.

  420 “I imagine the Germans”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 152.

  421 “The dominant feeling”: Marder, II, 165.

  421 “Our own fire”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 154.

  421 “There seems no obvious”: Scheer, 84.

  422 “Hits on Tiger aft”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 156.

  422 “I cannot confirm”: Ibid., 153.

  422 “The tactical dispositions”: Ibid., 163.

  422 “Seeing so many”: Scheer, 86.

  422 “With the Dogger Bank”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 157.

  422 “in English waters”: Ibid.

  422 “All ships other”: Ibid., 154.

  423 “The consumption of ammunition”: Ibid., 156.

  423 “The working chamber”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 164.

  424 “The unexpected presence”: Scheer, 86.

  424 “It must be considered”: Bennett, NavalBattles, 165.

  424 “Not apparent”: Ibid.

  424 “The blame”: Groos, III, 243.

  424 “short and square built”: Marder, II, 166.

  425 “Apart from submarine warfare”: Churchill, II, 146–47.

  425 “the second navy”: Marder, II, 175.

  CHAPTER 23: “A DEMONSTRATION AT THE DARDANELLES”

  428 “a chivalry which surely outstripped”: Marder, II, 231.

  428 “It now appears”: Gilbert, I, 289–90.

  428 “Who expected Carden”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 166.

  428 “[Your] sole duty”: Churchill, I, 491.

  429 “it is a good thing”: Gilbert, I, 299.

  430 “You smug-faced crowds”: Siegfried Sassoon, “Suicide in the Trenches,” from Counter-attack and Other Poems (1918).

  431 “Are there not other alternatives”: Churchill, II, 44.

  432 “I do not see”: Ibid., 94.

  432 “I CONSIDER”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 117.

  433 “His Majesty’s less valuable ships”: James, Gallipoli, 26.

  434 “Do you consider”: Churchill, II, 97–98.

  434 “I do not consider”: Ibid.

  434 “he seemed at this time”: Ibid., 100.

  434 “Your view is agreed with”: Ibid., 99.

  434 “until the impossibility”: Gilbert, I, 333.

  434 “the Dardanelles appeared”: Ibid.

  435 “Time required for operations”: Churchill, II, 102.

  435 “the plan produced a great impression”: Ibid.

  435 “firing all her ammunition”: Marder, II, 206.

  435 “any sailor who attacked a fort”: Fisher, Memories, 81.

  435 “A ship can no more stand up”: Marder, II, 215.

  437 “The War Council had been sitting”: Hankey, I, 265–66.

  437 “with all the inexorable force”: Lloyd George, I, 338–39.

  438 “we could leave off”: Churchill, II, 110–11.

  438 “That the Admiralty should prepare”: Ibid., 111.

  438 “The Cabinet have decided”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 133.

  438 “I just abominate”: Ibid., 142.

  438 “is a projectile to be fired”: Fisher, FGDN, I, 291.

  439 “I had not the same weight”: Magnus, 286.

  439 “All powerful”: Churchill, II, 172–73.

  439 “I made it a rule”: James, Gallipoli, 32.

  440 First Lord, I have no desire”: Churchill, II, 154.

  440 “We play into Germany’s hands”: Ibid., 155–56.

  440 “Being already in possession”: Ibid., 157.

  441 “Not to use them”: Ibid., 161–62.

  442 “I entreat you”: Gilbert, I, 364.

  438 “I am not in accord”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 147–48.

  442 “undoubtedly involves risks”: Magnus, 319.

  442 “he had understood”: Fisher, Memories, 71, 90, and Churchill, II, 164.

  442 “in view of the Steps”: Churchill, II, 163.

  442 “if satisfactory progress”: Hankey, I, 272.

  442 “it was difficult” and “the Turks”: Ibid.

  442 “an obstinate”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 405.

  442 “long an
d very friendly”: Churchill, II, 165.

  442 “I am in no way concealing”: Ibid.

  442 “He always out-argues me”: James, Gallipoli, 37.

  442 “I am sure I am right”: Ibid.

  443 “When I finally decided”: Churchill, II, 165.

  443 “This I took as the point”: Ibid.

  443 “When the operation”: James, Gallipoli, 37.

  443 “The more I consider”: Churchill, II, 301.

  443 “A failure or check”: Ibid., 303.

  443 “You are just simply eaten up”: Ibid.

  CHAPTER 24: THE MINEFIELDS

  447 “I do not intend”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 195.

  448 “the number of persons”: Churchill, II, 194.

  448 “Our affairs in the Dardanelles”: Marder, II, 240.

  448 “the capsizing of one little state”: James, Gallipoli, 50.

  450 “We could not go on”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 207.

  452 “recognised sweeping risks”: Ibid., 211.

  452 “When we got into the Straits”: Ibid.

  453 “The less said about that night”: Ibid., 212.

  453 “Your original instructions”: Ibid., 213.

  453 “fully concurred”: Ibid.

  453 “a minute later”: Ibid.

  454 “I do not understand”: Ibid., 216.

  454 “We have given the Carden plan”: Churchill, II, 216.

  455 “One gesture with a wand”: Ibid., 215.

  455 “was never more resolute”: Ibid., 216.

  455 “who had a sort of feeling”: James, Gallipoli, 50.

  456 “Everyone’s blood was up”: Churchill, II, 217.

  455 “Everything was eagerness”: Morgenthau, 222.

  455 “My poor admiral”: Keyes Papers, I, 107.

  456 “I do not understand”: Keyes, Memoirs, 216–17.

  456 “a complete break down”: Keyes Papers, I, 109.

  456 “a real fine fellow”: Marder, II, 245.

  456 “One could not feel”: Churchill, II, 220.

  456 “Personal and Secret”: Ibid., 221.

  CHAPTER 25: THE NAVAL ATTACK ON THE NARROWS

  457 “a naval attack”: Moorehead, 62.

  457 “no human power”: Chatterton, Dardanelles Dilemma, 132.

  460 “pulped”: Verner, 65.

  460 “Thank you, old chap”: Ibid., 69.

  460 “Fore-control out of action”: Ibid., 60.

  460 “For God’s sake, put out the fire”: Ibid.

  461 “down her side and across her bottom”: Chatterton, Dardanelles Dilemma, 140.

  461 “Sauvez-vous”: Usborne, 115.

  461 “I did not think”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 237.

  462 “Tell my people”: Verner, 63.

  462 “The admiral directs you”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 240.