I had been ready to scoff, mentally preparing my piece about how Atatürk’s devotees sneer at the superstitions of the religious Turks and then rush to take part in their own crazy rituals. But the likeness, as it developed, was stunning. The straight nose, the heavy eyebrows, the jutting chin – all of them were there, perfectly aligned, looming over the wedding party as the bride and groom embraced in the middle of the circle. There was no chanting, no slogans, no merchandise and no power-play, just a happy crowd of people watching a mountain in the warmth of the evening sunshine.
I bought a bag of popcorn from the hawker’s young daughter, and went to take my place on the benches as Bradley scooted around taking photos of the wedding crowd. Ali picked wildflowers from the grasses, looking up occasionally to watch the spectacle, and Nesilhan came and sat by my side. Arm in arm, we watched in silence as this vision of Atatürk came, and then melted away again into the shadows.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic (ullstein bild Dtl/Getty and Everett Historical/Shutterstock)
Atatürk’s funeral in Ankara, November 1938 (Hulton-Deutsch/Getty)
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Theresa May and Donald Trump in a meeting on counter-terrorism during the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Hamburg (Kayhan Ozer/Getty)
Fethullah Gülen (dpa picture alliance/Alamy Stock Photo)
Vladimir Putin listens as Erdoğan speaks at the Grand Kremlin Palace (Mikhail Svetlov)
Ahmet Davutoğlu, AKP adviser, foreign minister and prime minister, ousted in a party coup in May 2016 (Jasper Juinen/Getty)
Muharrem ˙Ince, presidential candidate of the Republican People’s Party (Oliver Weiken/Alamy)
Rebel fighters guarding a Sharia court in Aleppo, Syria, May 2013 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
Kurdish woman in a neighbourhood of Cizre, south-eastern Turkey, destroyed in fighting, March 2016 (Yusuf Sayman)
Turkish soldiers hold back Syrian Kurds trying to cross the border into Kobanî during the Isis attack, September 2014 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
Kurds watch Kobanî burn across the Turkey–Syria border, September 2014 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
An explosion after an apparent US-led coalition airstrike hits Kobanî, Syria (Orlok/Shutterstock)
Cizre, with neighbourhoods destroyed in fighting between PKK and Turkish security forces, March 2016 (Yusuf Sayman)
Bostancı Street, Cizre, destroyed in the fighting, March 2016 (Yusuf Sayman)
Rebels with the Free Syrian Army announce the formation of their brigade, Idlib province, 2012 (Bradley Secker)
A protester in Istanbul walks through tear gas clouds (Orlok/Shutterstock)
A man recovers from the water cannons and tear gas used by Turkish police (Thomas Koch/Shutterstock)
Kurds wave a flag of Abdullah Öcalan as they wait for the announcement of a PKK ceasefire in Diyarbakır, March 2013 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
Demonstrators in Istanbul use slings and improvised barricades against the riot police (cemT/Shutterstock)
Erdoğan supporters celebrate his victory in presidential elections, June 2018 (Bradley Secker)
Erdoğan supporters attack surrendering soldiers on Istanbul’s Bosphorus Bridge as the coup attempt of 15 July 2016 crumbles (Stringer/Getty Images), and flock onto the bridge, 16 July 2016 (deepspace/Shutterstock)
Erdoğan cries during the funeral of Erol Olçok (BULENT KILIC/AFP/Getty Images)
Erdoğan and former president Abdullah Gül carry Olçok’s coffin, 17 July 2016 (Kayhan Ozer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)
Opposition supporters join CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu’s Justice March from Ankara to Istanbul, July 2017 (Tolga Sezgin/Shutterstock)
Kılıçdaroğlu walks from Ankara to Istanbul in protest at the arrest of a party deputy, July 2017 (GURCAN OZTURK/AFP/Getty Images)
Erdoğan attends the Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk flanked by former Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım (ADEM ALTAN/AFP/Getty Images)
Post-coup ‘Unity Rally’ in Istanbul’s Yenikapı parade ground, August 2016 (quetions123/Shutterstock)
Erdoğan emerges from the voting booth after calling a snap parliamentary and presidential election, 24 June 2018 (Chris McGrath/Getty Images)
Pictures of Erdoğan and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk hang side by side in Istanbul (Alexandros Michailidis/Shutterstock)
PICTURE SECTION
Atatürk’s funeral in Ankara, November 1938
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, British Prime Minister Theresa May and US President Donald Trump participate in a meeting on counter-terrorism during the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Hamburg, Germany
Turkish preacher Fethullah Gülen speaks to members of the media from his home
Russian President Vladimir Putin listens as Erdoğan speaks during a business meeting at the Grand Kremlin Palace
Ahmet Davutoğlu, AKP adviser, foreign minister and prime minister, ousted in a party coup in May 2016
Muharrem İnce, presidential candidate of the Republican People’s Party (CHP), Turkey’s main opposition party
Rebel fighters guarding a Sharia court in Aleppo, Syria, May 2013
Turkish soldiers hold back Syrian Kurds who are trying to cross the border into Kobanî during the Isis attack, September 2014
Kurdish woman in a neighbourhood of Cizre, south-eastern Turkey, destroyed in fighting between the PKK and Turkish security forces, March 2016
Kurds watch Kobanî burn across the Turkey–Syria border, September 2014
An explosion after a US airstrike hits Kobanî, Syria
Cizre with neighbourhoods destroyed in fighting between PKK and Turkish security forces in the foreground, March 2016
Bostancı Street, Cizre, destroyed in the fighting, March 2016
Rebels with the Free Syrian Army announce the formation of their brigade in front of opposition media activists, Idlib province, 2012
A protester in Istanbul walks through tear gas clouds with a gas mask
A man recovers from the water cannons and tear gas used by Turkish police against protesters
Kurds wave a flag of Abdullah Öcalan as they wait for the announcement of a PKK ceasefire in Diyarbakır, March 2013
Demonstrators in Istanbul use slings and improvised barricades against the riot police
Erdoğan supporters celebrate his victory in the presidential elections, June 2018
Erdoğan supporters flock onto Istanbul’s Bosphorus Bridge and attack surrendering soldiers as the coup attempt fails, 15/16 July 2016
Erdoğan cries during the funeral of Erol Olçok, his long-time friend and spin doctor, who was shot dead by coup soldiers on the Bosphorus Bridge
Erdoğan and former president Abdullah Gül carry Erol Olçok’s coffin at his funeral in Istanbul, 17 July 2016
Opposition supporters join CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu’s Justice March from Ankara to Istanbul, July 2017
Kılıçdaroğlu walks from Ankara to Istanbul in protest at the arrest of a party deputy, July 2017
Erdoğan attends the Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk for an anniversary of Victory Day, flanked by former Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım
Post-coup ‘Unity Rally’ in Istanbul’s Yenikapı parade ground, which the government claims draws a 5 million crowd, August 2016
Erdoğan emerges from the voting booth after calling a snap parliamentary and presidential election, 24 June 2018
The pictures of Erdoğan and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk hang side by side in Istanbul
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Newspaper and Magazine Archives
Agence France Presse
Anadolu Agency
Associated Press
Bloomberg
Cumhuriyet
Economist
Globe and Mail
Hürriyet
New York Times
Newsweek
Reuters
Sabah
The Times
&nbs
p; Turkish Policy Quarterly
Online Sources
Abdullah Öcalan defence statement: ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2011/2/turkey3139.htm
Bellingcat.com
Curriculum of Imam Hatip schools: dogm.meb.gov.tr/www/haftalik-ders-cizelgeleri/icerik/11
Reza Zarrab indictment: justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/994976/download
Turkeypurge.com
Turkish legal archive: mevzuat.gov.tr
Turkish newspaper circulation figures: medyatava.com
Turkish Official Gazette: resmigazete.gov.tr
Turkish Statistical Institute: turkstat.gov.tr
UK parliamentary records (Hansard): publications.parliament.uk
WikiLeaks.org
Academic Papers
Seven Ağir and Cihan Artunc, ‘The Wealth Tax of 1942 and the Disappearance of Non-Muslim Enterprises in Turkey’, Journal of Economic History, vol. 79, no. 1 (March 2019)
Toni Alaranta, ‘Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s Six-Day Speech of 1927: Defining the Official Historical View of the Foundation of the Turkish Republic’, Turkish Studies, vol. 9, no. 1 (March 2008), pp. 115–29, University of Turku, Finland
Ceren Caner Berkman, ‘Comparative Analyses for the Central Asian Contribution to Anatolian Gene Pool with Reference to Balkans’, Thesis submitted to Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle Eastern Technical University, September 2006
William Joseph Bullen III, ‘The Dynamic Between National Identity and Foreign Policy in Turkey’, Thesis submitted to the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, December 2009
Michael M. Gunter, ‘Political Instability in Turkey during the 1970s’, Conflict Quarterly, journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/download/14835/15904
Mahfud Junaedi, ‘Imam Hatip School: Islamic School in Contemporary Secular Turkey’, Analisa Journal of Social Science and Religion, vol. 1, no. 1 (June 2016)
Aram Yardumian and Theodore G. Schurr, ‘Who Are the Anatolian Turks? A Reappraisal of the Anthropological Genetic Evidence’, Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia, vol. 50, no. 1 (Summer 2011), pp. 6–42
M. Hakan Yavuz, ‘Political Islam and the Welfare (Refah) Party in Turkey’, Comparative Politics, vol. 30, no. 1 (October 1997), pp. 63–82
Reyhan Zetler, ‘Turkish Jews between 1923 and 1933 – What Did the Turkish Policy between 1923 and 1933 Mean for the Turkish Jews?’ Bulletin der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Judaistische Forschung, nr 23 (2014)
Sinan Zeyneloğlu, Ibrahim Sirkeci, Yaprak Civelek, ‘Language Shift Among Kurds in Turkey: A Spatial and Demographic Analysis’, Kurdish Studies, vol. 4, no. 1 (2016)
Books
S. A. Arjomand (ed.), From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1984)
H. C. Armstrong, Gray Wolf: Mustafa Kemal (London: Penguin Books, 1937)
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, K.F. Kohler (trans.), Nutuk (The Long Speech) (Kindle edition)
Bülent Batuman, New Islamist Architecture and Urbanism (London: Routledge, 2017)
Frank Bovenkerk and Yücel Yeşilgöz, The Turkish Mafia: A History of the Heroin Godfathers (Lancashire: Milo Books, 2007)
Soner Cagaptay, The New Sultan: Erdogan and the Crisis of Modern Turkey (London: IB Tauris, 2017)
İpek Çalişlar, Madam Atatürk (London: Saqi Books, 2014)
Ali Çarkoğlu and Barry Rubin (eds), Religion and Politics in Turkey (London: Routledge, 2006)
S. Conermann and G. Haig (eds.) Die Kurden: Studien zu ihrer Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur (Schenefeld: EB-Verlag, 2003)
Umut Duyar-Kienast, The Formation of Gecekondu Settlements in Turkey: The Case of Ankara (Munich: LIT Verlag, 2005)
Andrew Finkel, Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012)
Zsa Zsa Gabor, One Lifetime Is Not Enough (New York: Delacorte Press, 1991)
Michael L. Galaty and Charles Watkinson (eds), Archaeology Under Dictatorship (Berlin: Springer, 2004)
George W. Gawrych, The Young Atatürk: From Ottoman Soldier to Statesman of Turkey (London: IB Tauris, 2015)
O. R. Gurney, The Hittites (London: Penguin Books, 1952)
M. şükrü Hanioğlu, Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography (Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2011)
Joshua D. Hendrick, Gülen: The Ambiguous Politics of Market Islam in Turkey and the World (New York: NYU Press, 2013)
Edward Hoare, Rome, Turkey and Jerusalem (London: Hatchards, 1876)
Bettany Hughes, Istanbul: A Tale of Three Cities (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2017)
Ali Kazancigil and Ergun Özbudun (eds), Atatürk: Founder of a Modern State (London: C. Hurst & Co., 1981)
Sylvia Kedourie (ed.), Turkey Before and After Atatürk: Internal and External Affairs (London: Routledge, 1999)
Charles King, Midnight at the Pera Palace: The Birth of Modern Istanbul (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015)
Patrick Kinross, Atatürk: The Rebirth of a Nation (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964)
Stephen Kinzer, Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001)
Jacob Landau, Exploring Ottoman and Turkish History (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2004)
T. E. Lawrence, The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (London: Jonathan Cape, 1935)
Sean McMeekin, The Ottoman Endgame (London: Penguin, 2015)
Andrew Mango, Atatürk (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2002)
Andrew Mango, Turkey and the War on Terror: ‘For Forty Years We Fought Alone’ (London: Routledge, 2005)
Aliza Marcus, Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence (New York: NYU Press, 2007)
Chris Morris, The New Turkey: The Quiet Revolution on the Edge of Europe (London: Granta, 2005)
Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im, Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia (Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 2008)
Kerem Öktem, Angry Nation: Turkey since 1989 (London: Zed Books, 2011)
şemsa Özar, Nesrin Uçarlar and Osman Aytar, From Past to Present: A Paramilitary Organisation in Turkey (Diyarbakır: DİSA Publications, 2013)
Ezra Özyürek, Nostalgia for the Modern: State Secularism and Everyday Politics in Turkey (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006)
George Perkovich and Sinan Ülgen, Turkey’s Nuclear Future (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2015)
David L. Phillips, An Uncertain Ally: Turkey under Erdogan’s Dictatorship (London: Routledge, 2017)
Hugh Pope, Dining with Al Qaeda (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2010)
Eugene Rogan, The Fall of the Ottomans (New York: Basic Books, 2016)
Raja M. Ali Saleem, State, Nationalism, and Islamization: Historical Analysis of Turkey and Pakistan (London: Palgrave, 2017)
Alev Scott, Turkish Awakening: A Personal Discovery of Modern Turkey (London: Faber and Faber, 2014)
Jeremy Seal, A Fez of the Heart (New York: Mariner Books, 1996)
Aaron Stein, Turkey’s New Foreign Policy: Davutoglu, the AKP and the Pursuit of Regional Order (London: Routledge, 2014)
Norman Stone, Turkey (London: Thames and Hudson, 2014)
Witold Szablowski, The Assassin from Apricot City (London: Stork Press, 2013)
Kabir Tambar, The Reckoning of Pluralism (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014)
Paul Theroux, The Pillars of Hercules (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996)
Nesrin Uçarlar, Nothing in Its Right Place (Diyarbakır: DİSA Publications, 2013)
Carla de la Vega, Honour, Heels and Headscarves: Real-Life Stories of Women from Istanbul (Ebook: self-published, 2014)
Jenny White, Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)
Christopher S. Wilson, Beyond Anitkabir: The Funerary Architecture of Atatürk (London: Routledge, 2013)
INDEX
The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your
ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.
Abdülhamid II, sultan 335–6
Abdulmecid, caliph 24
Afghanistan 3, 52, 84, 113, 139, 144, 185, 186, 324
A Haber 205, 216, 278
Ahiska Turks 314–21
Akar, Hulusi 359–60, 361
Akarca, Mehmet 347, 352
Akcan, Nesilhan 364, 365
Akgündüz, Fadıl ‘Jet’ 75, 76, 78–9
AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) (Justice and Development Party) xiii, xv, 11, 31, 52, 79, 83, 84, 218, 220, 242, 279, 297, 307, 341; Arter and 63, 64, 65–6, 68–9, 209, 348; ‘Berat’s Box’ and 279–80; birth/origins of 65–6, 67–8, 81, 88; Bosphorus Centre for Global Affairs and 268, 269, 272; Britain and 284, 285, 286, 289; CHP deputies and members join (2007) 87, 93, 232; comes to power in parliamentary elections (2002) xv, 52, 67–8, 71, 76, 78, 85, 87, 88, 102, 171, 200, 228, 274; constitutional referendum (2017) and 264, 266; construction projects and 290, 345;corruption/Iranian gold-dealing scandal (2013) and xvi, 92–3, 97, 281, 285; coup (2016) and 209, 218, 220, 221; Davutoğlu political assassination and 273–8, 279, 281, 282, 286, 295; diaspora, Turkish and 70–1, 72, 320; Erdoğan and see Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip; EU membership and 171, 358, 359; Gezi Park protests and 190, 269; Gül presidential nomination crisis (2007) and 86–7, 271; Gülenists and 79, 80, 81, 83, 84–5, 89–90, 92; HDP and 191; headscarf ban, lifting of 270–2; Iraq War and 88, 89; Kurds/PKK and 187, 191, 200, 201–2; launch and growth of 66–9; liberals and 85–90, 232; local elections (2014) and 209; logo 64, 65, 67; name 66, 67; parliamentary elections (June 2015) and 191, 273–4, 276, 279, 286, 312; parliamentary elections (November 2015) and 31, 53, 94, 191, 274, 277; parliamentary elections (June 2018) and 336, 342, 343–62, 363; party congress (2017) 11–12; purging of founding members 359–60; resignations, mass wave of (2005) 86; Sabah and 269–70, 280; success of 5–6, 66; Syrian war and 107, 187; volunteers 11, 250–2; women’s rights and 251
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