repayments and interest
see also borrowing; credit; loans
deflation
deflators
consumer spending
consumer/private expenditure
fixed-weight
GDP
implicit
price
relative GDP value-added
demand
aggregate
changes in
consumer
electronics
export
fabrication
future
higher
home
imports
increases
investment
overseas
and recession
retail
shifts in
speculative
strong
supply and see supply and demand
demand pull
Denmark
and the euro
statistical publications
deposit creation
deposits
and assets
new
operational
private
public
savings
sight
sterling
time
depreciation
depression
deregulation
devaluation
developing countries
and commodity prices
exports
growth
imports
inflation
labour forces
manufacturing
percentage of world output
populations
remittances
resource gaps
special drawing rights
“direct investment enterprise”
discount rates
discounts
discrepancies
dividends
see also RIPDs
dotcom bubble (2000)
duties
earnings
average
invisible
projecting
East Asian countries
East European countries
economic boom
economic cycle
and bond yields
changes in
and company savings
incomes affected by
industrial production
inflation and
interest rates and
and moving averages
and spending on durables
unit labour costs
vulnerability to
and wages/earnings
Economist, The
ecu (European currency unit)
Ecuador
employment
basic analysis
data collection
and fall in production
full
growth in
income from
interpretation
recruitment
sectoral trends
self-
and the services sector
total
EMU (economic and monetary union)
environmental costs
equipment
defence
ERM (exchange-rate mechanism)
ERM2
erratic fluctations
Estonia
EU (European Union)
Commission
currencies
elderly people in
expansion of
NACE
single currency
EUA (European unit of account)
EURIBOR
euro
Euro area countries
Europe
employment
migration
oil prices
tax revenues
unemployment
European Central Bank
European Monetary Institute
European monetary system
European Union see EU
Eurostat
exchange rates
changes
controls
devaluation/depreciation
dirty floats
effective (EER)
effects
fixed
floating
fluctuations
forward rates
history of
nominal
problems
real
SDR
trade-weighted
turbulence
what determines
who determines
excise duties
expansion
funds for
rapid
expectations
expenditure
capital
consumer
current
discretionary
GDP
government
industrial and commercial
negative
projections
public
exports
boosting
FAS (free alongside ship)
FOB (free on board)
of goods and services
and imports
net
orders
underpriced/overpriced
world
factor cost
factor incomes
factor substitution
FAS (free alongside ship)
Federal Housing Finance Agency
financial crisis (2008)
financial derivatives
financial inflows
financial liberalisation
financial outflows
Finland
fiscal fraud
fiscal policy, tightening/loosening of
FOB (free on board)
foreign direct investment (FDI)
foreign exchange shortages
France
construction
house prices
household savings
industry
INSEE
level of government
manufacturing
migration
price data
statistical publications
surveys
tax revenues
futures
G7 see Group of Seven
GDFCP (gross domestic fixed capital formation)
GDP (gross domestic product)
coincident indicators
construction
current-period
and debt
expenditure
and exports
fall/rise in
GNP relative to
growth
housing and
and imports
and income
industrial countries
investment figures
nominal
oil and
omissions
output
per head
real
and reweighting
stockbuilding and
total
world
see also deflators
Germany
construction
eastern
employment
Federal Statistical Office
focus on GNP
GDP
German bunds
housing-to-rent ratios
IFO (Institute for Economic Research)
imports
industry
investment in
labour force
level of government
manufacturing
price data
shadow economy
statistical publications
transfer outflows
unification
GFMS
gifts
gilts
GNI (gross national income)
GNP (gross national product) see GNI
gold
gold standard
golden rule
Goodhart’s law
goo
ds
capital
consumer
domestic
durable
essentials/non-essentials
exports
imports
intermediate
non-durable
second-hand
stocks of
see also services
government
level of
revenues
spending
subscriptions
Great Recession
Greece
debt crisis (2010)
Group of Seven
growth
arithmetic
excess
export
feeble
future
long-term
monetary
prolonged
rates
real
sources of
strong
trends and cycles
GVA (gross value added)
hedging instruments
HICP (harmonised index of consumer prices)
Hong Kong
households
housing
completions
costs
sales
starts
subsidised
Hungary
hyperinflation
IBRD see World Bank
Iceland
IIP (international investment position)
illegal immigrants
ILO (International Labour Organisation)
imbalances
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
Group of Ten
imports
aircraft
ban on
CIF (cost, insurance and freight)
competition
compressibility
duties on
and excess growth
and exports
FOB (free on board)
of goods and services
and inflation
limiting
oil
penetration
rise in
surcharge on
surge in
and wholesalers
income
circular flow
consumers
corporate
current
current-account
disposable
elasticity
from employment
from self-employment
investment
net income from abroad
per head, adverse effects on
personal
redistributed
see also earnings; salaries; wages
index numbers
chaining
illusory convergence
in volume terms
India
indicators
average value
coincident
composite
cyclical
fiscal
key
lagging
leading
price
of prices and costs
indices
average value
Bank of England
base-weighted
Big Mac
broad market
Case-Shiller index of house prices
composite
CRB
current-weighted (Paasche)
Dow Jones Industrial Average
Economist
FTSE
FTSE all-share
Human Development (UN Development Programme)
IMF
Institute for Supply Management
International Council of Shopping
Centers-Goldman Sachs
Laspeyres
misery
Monster Employment Index
Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI)
PMI
Standard and Poor’s 500 stock
terms of trade
UN
World Bank
see also index numbers; price indices
Indonesia
industrial countries
budget cuts
imports
inflation in
liberalisation and deregulation
output per head
personal consumption
population
inefficient activities
inflation
adjusting for
boosted
causes
comparative rates (2008)
consumer-price
controlling
“core” rate of
demand-pull
effects of
and excess growth
expected
forecasting
and GDP deflator
and gold
high/higher
and imports
and income
low/lower
negative
output and
pressures
price
projections of
rapid
rates
relative
targets
trends
and understanding money
and unemployment
wage
infrastructure
inheritances
interbanking
interest
household payments
see also RIPDs
interest rates
adjustable
and borrowing
British
and central banks
comparative
controls
and currencies
and demand for investment funds
and discount rates
domestic
and the economic cycle
and exchange rates
higher
increases
influencing
and investment
low
lower
lowering
nominal
real: negative
and yields
relative
rise/fall of
short-term
International Monetary Fund see IMF
inventories
retailers’
wholesale
investment
business
capital
direct
domestic
fixed
foreign
intentions
and interest rates
inward
key component of growth
new
and output
outward
personal
and personal consumption
portfolio
private
and productivity
replacement
return from
savings and
sectoral figures
in stocks
total
invisibles
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
bonds
deficits
employment
and financial crisis (2008)
GDP compared to GNI
house prices
ISIC (international standard industrial classification)
Israel
Italy
and ERM
government debt
house prices
industry
investment in
labour force
migration
national debt
net interest payments
shadow economy
statistical publications
J-curve effect
Japan
America’s trade deficit
broad money
construction
currency
deflation
employment
financial year
GDP
imports and
GNP
growth
/> housing-to-rent ratios
industry
labour force
M2
national debt
old-age dependency ratio
and period of rapid expansion
and recession
shadow economy
statistical publications
subsidies
Tankan survey of business sentiment
unemployment
job creation
job vacancies
Kazakhstan
Korea, South
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
labour
age structure
migration
mobility
participation rates
population
shortages
women
labour costs
unit (ULCs)
land purchase
Latin America
Latvia
leisure
liberalisation and globalisation
Liberia
LIBOR (London interbank offered rate)
Libya
life insurance
life-cycle hypothesis
liquidity
Lithuania
living standards
loans
logarithms
Luxembourg
machinery
Malaysia
Malta
Manpower
manufacturing production
earnings
importance
manufacturing activity
orders
shift to services
surveys
market values
markets
bear/bull
domestic
housing
motor vehicle
oil
open
overseas
Markit Economics
maturities
MERM (multilateral exchange-rate model)
metals
Mexico 5
migration
mineral extraction royalties
mining
Moldova
monetary aggregates
monetary control
monetary policy
monetary targets
monetary variables
money
broad/narrow
circular flow of
in circulation
defined
supply
values
velocity of circulation
mortgage rates
motor vehicles
moving averages
multiplier
Muslim countries
NACE (Nomenclature générale des activitiés dans les Communautés Européennes)
NAIRU (non-accelerating inflation rate of
unemployment)
national debt
Netherlands
construction
exports
industry
statistical publications
New Zealand
Reserve Bank
NICs (newly industrialised countries)
Niger
Nigeria
NMP (net material product)
NNI (net national income)
nominal terms
non-profit-making activities
North America
Norway
NRU (natural rate of unemployment)
OECD (Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development)
budget deficits
general government spending
manufacturing
savings
services’ share of output
surveys
tax revenues
old-age dependency ratio
OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
open economies
options
gold
orders
backlogs
construction
defence
domestic
export
factory, slacker
foreign
total
value of
OSPs (official selling prices - petroleum trading)
Guide to Economic Indicators Page 21
