The heartsore Irish
Wentworth: Ritchie, The Wentworths.
Irish passions: Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, 1; Thomas Pakenham, The Year of Liberty (London 1969); Anne-Maree Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution: United Irishmen in New South Wales, 1800-1810 (Sydney 1994); Clark and Donnelly, Irish Peasants; TJ Kiernan, The Irish Exiles in Australia (Melbourne 1954); Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, 1; Keneally, The Great Shame.
King’s reaction: King, Phillip Gidley King; Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution; TC Croker (ed), The Memoirs of Joseph Holt, General of the Irish Rebels in 1798 (London 1838).
King’s concern: King to Portland, Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution.
Holt: Ruan O’Donnell, ‘General Joseph Holt’ in Reece (ed), Exiles from Erin (Dublin 1991); Croker, The Memoirs of Joseph Holt.
Fathers Dixon and Harold, floggings: Croker, The Memoirs of Joseph Holt; Patrick O’Farrell, The Irish in Australia (Sydney 1986); Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution; Kiernan, The Irish Exiles in Australia.
Foveaux: Foveaux, ADB, 1; Mackaness, The Life of Vice-Admiral William Bligh; Ellis, John Macarthur; Clark, A History of Australia, I.
Plans of rebellion on Norfolk Island: Fidlon & Ryan, The Journal and Letters of Lt. Ralph Clark; Foveaux papers, ML.
King’s further unease about the Irish: Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution.
Sir Henry Browne Hayes: ADB, 1; CH Bertie, ‘The story of Vaucluse House’, JRAHS, 15, 1930.
The Atlas and Hercules: Bateson, The Convict Ships.
King’s further suspicions: King to Duke of Portland, HRA, III; Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution.
Fathers O’Neil and Dixon: HRNSW, IV and V; HRA, I; JG Murtagh, Australia: The Catholic chapter (Sydney 1959); Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution; Patrick O’Farrell, The Irish in Australia; Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, 1.
Loyal Associations: Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution; Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, 1; King, Phillip Gidley King.
Trade and the Irish
Macarthur and King: Duffy, Man of Honour; Ellis, John Macarthur; Mackaness, The Life of Vice-Admiral William Bligh; Clark, A History of Australia, 1.
Sundry correspondence on issues involving King and Macarthur: HRNSW, II; Hazel King, Elizabeth Macarthur and her World (Sydney 1980).
CHAPTER 10
A new Vinegar Hill
Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution; King, Phillip Gidley King; Kiernan, The Irish Exiles in Australia; Lynette Ramsay Silver, The Battle of Vinegar Hill: Australia’s Irish rebellion, 1804 (Sydney 1989).
Marsden’s experience: Piper Papers, ML. (Mrs Marsden and Mrs Macarthur gave an account to Captain Piper.)
A state of slaves
O’Farrell, The Irish in Australia; Whitaker, Unfinished Revolution; Croker, The Memoirs of Joseph Holt.
James Tuckey to Dundas: Tuckey manuscript, ML.
CHAPTER 11
The perturbator
Further Macarthur and King: Ellis, John Macarthur; Duffy, Man of Honour; King, Phillip Gidley King; Governor King to Lord Hobart and Undersecretary King, HRNSW, V; King to Lord Hobart, HRA, Series I and IV; King to Undersecretary King, HRA, Series I and V.
Staving Harris’s casks: HRNSW, V.
Earl Camden: Pakenham, The Year of Liberty; Dr Marjory Bloy, The Web of English History,
King and the officers: Macarthur biographies as above.
A crisis in law
King’s warning on need for lawyer, and his other problems: King, Phillip Gidley King; Duffy, Man of Honour; Ellis, John Macarthur.
Crossley: ADB, 1.
Robinson: ADB, 2.
Atkins: ADB, 1.
General conditions for coming mayhem: Duffy, Man of Honour; Mackaness, The Life of Vice-Admiral William Bligh.
Bligh the sinner
Bligh title cancellations: HRA, Series I and VI.
Complaint from Deputy Commissary Fitz to Undersecretary Chapman: 15 October 1807, HRNSW, VI.
Gore and Crossley: ADB, 1.
Bligh verbally attacks Macarthur: Duffy, Man of Honour; Ellis, John Macarthur; Mackaness, The Life of Vice-Admiral William Bligh; Stephen Dando-Collins, Captain Bligh’s Other Mutiny (Sydney 2007); HV Evatt, Rum Rebellion: A study of the overthrow of Governor Bligh by John Macarthur and the New South Wales Corps (Sydney 1938); Ross Fitzgerald & Mark Hearn, Bligh, Macarthur and the Rum Rebellion (Kenthurst 1988).
Elizabeth Macarthur to Miss Kingdon: Sibella Onslow Macarthur (ed), Some Early Records of the Macarthurs of Camden (Sydney 1914).
Robert Campbell: ADB,1; M Stephen, Merchant Campbell 1769-1846 (Melbourne 1965).
Andrew Thompson: ADB, 1.
His reports about Bligh’s farm from the Hawkesbury: HRNSW, VI.
Blaxlands on Bligh: HRNSW, VI.
John Blaxland’s discontented letter: HRNSW, VI.
D’Arcy Wentworth to Lord Castlereagh, 17 October 1807; Macarthur to Bligh, 1, 8 and 12 January 1808, both HRNSW, VI.
The grand impasse
Ellis, John Macarthur; Duffy, Man of Honour; Mackaness, The Life of Vice-Admiral William Bligh.
Mary Putland: ADB, 2; Penelope Nelson, Bligh’s Daughter (Victoria, British Columbia, 2007).
Garnham Blaxcell and Anthony Fenn Kemp: ADB, 1.
Bligh’s support base: Settlers’ Address to Governor Bligh, 1 January 1808, HRNSW, VI.
Bringing a governor down
William Bligh, Account of the Rebellion of the New South Wales Corps: Communicated to the Rt. Hon. Lord Castlereagh and Sir Joseph Banks, Bart (Melbourne 2003).
Ellis, John Macarthur; Duffy, Man of Honour and Bligh as above; Evatt, Rum Rebellion; Dando-Collins, Captain Bligh’s Other Mutiny; Nelson, Bligh’s Daughter.
Johnston’s motives in taking control: HRNSW, VI; HRA, Series I, VI, including Johnston to Castlereagh and evidence of Robert Campbell.
George Johnston: A Charge of Mutiny: The court martial of Lieutenant Colonel George Johnston for deposing William Bligh in the rebellion of 26 January 1808 (Canberra 1988).
Maurice O’Connell: ADB, 2; Nelson, Bligh’s Daughter.
Other aspects of the overthrow: Brian Fletcher, ‘The Hawkesbury settlers and the Rum Corps’, JRAHS, 59, 1969; Alan Atkinson, ‘Jeremy Bentham and the Rum Rebellion’, JRAHS, 64, 1987; Alan Atkinson, ‘The British Whigs and the Rum Rebellion’, JRAHS, 66, 1980.
CHAPTER 12
Comes the avenger
Ritchie, The Wentworths; Clark, A History of Australia, 1; MH Ellis, Lachlan Macquarie: His life, adventures and times (Sydney 1965); John Ritchie, Lachlan Macquarie: A life (Melbourne 1986); Russel Ward, Finding Australia: The history of Australia to 1821 (Melbourne 1987).
Wentworths rising
Ritchie, The Wentworths; Wentworth Family Papers, A751-756, ML.
Pipes against King: HRNSW, V.
D’Arcy Wentworth as surgeon: Gillian Hull, ‘From convicts to founding fathers: three notable surgeons’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94 (7), 2001.
The convict’s child goes home
Ritchie, The Wentworths; Wentworth Family Papers, A751-756, ML.
In the heart of Empire
WC Wentworth in England and on the Continent: Wentworth Papers, A758, ML; Clark, A History of Australia, 1, and A History of Australia Volume 2: New South Wales
and Van Diemen’s Land, 1822-1838 (Melbourne 1968); DE Fifer, ‘Man of two worlds:
the early career of William Charles Wentworth’, JRAHS, 90(3), 1984; CA Liston, ‘William Charles Wentworth: the formative years, 1810-1824’, JRAHS, 62 (1), 1973.
The arguments with Bennet: Wentworth Papers, ML.
Bennet’s tract: HG Bennet, Letter to Viscount Sidmouth (London 1819).
Redfern: ADB, 2.
Eagar: ADB, 1.
The Commissioner visits
Bigge’s three reports: The State of the Colony of New South Wales (London 1822); The Judicial Establishment of New South Wales (
London 1823); and The State of Agriculture and Trade in New South Wales (London 1823).
Bigge: Ritchie and Ellis, Macquarie; Fifer, Man of Two Worlds; JB Hirst, Convict Society and its Enemies: A history of early New South Wales (Sydney 1984).
Macarthur and younger Wentworth: Ritchie, Wentworths, and Macquarie; Wentworth Papers, A757, ML.
A hothead’s prose
WC Wentworth, A Statistical, Historical and Political Description of New South Wales and its Dependent Settlements in Van Diemen’s Land (London 1819).
The poem ‘Australasia’: Ritchie, Wentworths; PR Stephenson, The Foundations of Culture in Australia (Sydney 1986); WC Wentworth, Austalasia, intro GA Wilkes (Sydney 1982).
Wardell: ADB, 2.
The highwayman passes
Cookney to D’Arcy Wentworth: Wentworth Papers, A754, ML.
Death of D’Arcy: Ritchie, The Wentworths.
Who is Castlereagh, who is Sidmouth, and who in God’s name is Bathurst?
JC Beaglehole, ‘The colonial office 1782-1854’, Historical Studies: Australia and New Zealand, 1 (3), 1941; Helen Taft Manning, ‘Who ran the British Empire 1830-1850?’,
Journal of British Studies, 5 (1), 1965.
Castlereagh, Sidmouth and Bathurst: Pakenham, The Year of Liberty; P Ziegler, Addington (Sidmouth’s common name) (London 1963); Hay et al., Albion’s Fatal Tree; Dr Marjory Bloy, The Web of English History and The Victorian Web,
Bathurst: ADB, 1.
CHAPTER 13
Radical transportees
Thomas Spence and his movement: Malcolm Chase, The People’s Farm: British radical agrarianism, 1775-1840 (Oxford 1988); Ian McCalman, Radical Underworld: Prophets, revolutionaries, and pornographers in London, 1795-1840 (Cambridge, Mass., 1988).
Discontent: Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty: England in the early industrial age (New York 1983); Hay et al., Albion’s Fatal Tree; Bloy, The Web of English History; The Victorian Web.
Currency, not sterling
Currency: Robinson, The Hatch and Brood of Time; Molony, The Native-Born; Ken Macnab & Russel Ward, ‘The nature and nurture of the first generation of native-born Australians’, Historical Studies, 39, 1962; Charles S Blackton, ‘The dawn of Australian national feeling’, The Pacific Historical Review, 24 (2), 1955.
Lt. Bell evidence: Bigge Appendix, The State of the Colony of New South Wales; Alexander Harris, Settlers and Convicts (Melbourne 1953).
Charles Tompson and Harpur: ADB, 2; Molony, The Native-Born.
Native feeling: Anne Coote, ‘Imagining a colonial nation’, JACH, 1999 (1).
The poaching wars
Hay et al., Albion’s Fatal Tree; PB Munsche, Gentlemen and Poachers: The English game laws, 1671-1830 (Cambridge, Mass., 1981); Geneology UK and Ireland, The Berkeley Castle Poaching Affray
The sealers’ life and governance
Flinders in Bass Strait: Miriam Estensen, The Life of Matthew Flinders.
Sealers: John West, The History of Tasmania, 2 vols (Launceston 1852); James Boyce, Van Diemen’s Land (Melbourne 2008); WA Townsley, Tasmania from Colony to Statehood 1803- 1945 (Hobart 1991); Brian Plompley & Kristen Anne Henley, ‘The sealers of Bass Strait and the Cape Barren Island community’, Tasmanian Historical Research Association, Papers and Proceedings, 37 (2 and 3), 1990; Iain Stuart, ‘Sea rats, bandits and roistering buccaneers:
what were the Bass Strait sealers really like?’, JRAHS, 83 (1), 1997.
Relationship of sealers with Aboriginals: Rebe Taylor, ‘Savages or saviours? The Australian sealers and Aboriginal Tasmanian survival’, Journal of Australian Studies: Vision splendid, 66, 2000.
Some notes on Matthew Flinders
Estensen, The life of Matthew Flinders; Matthew Flinders, A Voyage to Terra Australis, 2 vols, (London 1814), available on Project Gutenberg Australia.
The tattoo and the lash
Punishment in general: Alan Atkinson, ‘Four patterns of convict protest’, Labour History, 37, 1979, and ‘The government of time and space in 1838’, The Push from the Bush, 9, 1981; Michael Ignatieff, A Just Measure of Pain: The penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 (London 1989); David Neal, The Rule of Law in a Penal Colony (Cambridge 1991), and ‘Free society, penal colony, slave society, prison?’, Historical Studies, 22, (89), 1987.
Discipline at Port Macquarie: Bench Book, NSWSA, 4/5638, and Port Macquarie, NSWSA 4/5639; Trial of Twelve Men, 24 August 1833, for killing a constable, Port Macquarie, NSWSA, 4/5637;Trial of Benjamin Ray, 2 April 1832, Port Macquarie NSWSA, 4/5638; A Convict Bullock Drivers’ Strike, 12 April 1834.
Moreton Bay: Jack Bushman, ‘Passages from the life of a “lifer”’, Moreton Bay Courier, Brisbane, Australia, 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30 April 1859; Raymond Evans, A History of Queensland (Melbourne 2007).
Female convicts: Jennifer Harrison, ‘“The very worst class”: Irish women convicts at Moreton Bay’ in Bob Reece (ed), Irish Convict Lives (Sydney 1993); Babette Smith, A Cargo of Women: Susannah Watson and the convicts of the Princess Royal (Sydney 1988).
Frank the Poet: Bob Reece, ‘Frank the Poet’ in Reece, Exiles from Erin.
Foster Fyans: James Backhouse, A Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies (London 1843).
Punishment: JC Byrne, Twelve Years Wanderings in the British Colonies from 1835 to 1847 (London 1848); Harris, Settlers and Convicts; Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds), Representing Convicts: New perspectives in convict forced labour migration (London 1997); Backhouse, A Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies.
Gangs
Grace Karskens, Four Essays About the Great North Road (Kulnura 1998), and ‘The grandest improvement in the country: an historical and archeological study of the Great North Road, NSW, 1825-1836’, MA thesis (University of Sydney 1985).
Solomon Wiseman: ADB, 2; R Therry, Reminiscences of Thirty Years’ Residence in New South Wales & Victoria (London 1863).
Convict novelists
Savery and Tucker: ADB, 2; Henry Savery, Quintus Servinton, ed. and with biographical introduction by Cecil H. Hadgraft (Brisbane 1962); James Tucker, Ralph Rashleigh, ed.
and with biographical introduction by Colin Roderick (Sydney 1952); State Library of Tasmania, Savery Papers; Henry Savery, The Hermit of Van Diemen’s Land, ed. and with biographical introduction by Cecil Hadgraft (Brisbane 1964).
CHAPTER 14
Arriving at the end of things
Arrival of Parmelia: Sydney Gazette, 6 March 1834.
Convicts aboard Parmelia: Indent, 4/7076, AONSW; Keneally, The Great Shame.
Varieties of convicts and appearance of Sydney: Harris, Convicts and Settlers; James Mudie, The Felonry of New South Wales (Melbourne 1964).
Governor Bourke: ADB, 1; Hazel King, ‘The early life of Sir Richard Bourke’, JRAHS, 55, 1969, and ‘Richard Bourke and his two colonial administrations’, JRAHS, 9, 1964; Max Waugh, Forgotten Hero: Richard Bourke (Melbourne 2005); Bourke Family Papers, 1809-1855, Part 3 and Family Correspondence of the Bourke Family, 1822-1855, M 1863, ML.
Eliza Burns incident: Sydney Herald, 3 March 1834.
Slade: ADB, 2; ‘Return of corporal punishment’, British Parliamentary Papers (BPP), VI; EA Slade, Evidence to Select Committee on Transportation, BPP, XIX.
Secret societies: Clark & Donnelly, Irish Peasants; Donal McCartney, The Dawning of Democracy: Ireland 1800-1878 (Dublin 1987); Keneally, The Great Shame.
Beyond the limits
Limits of Location: Stephen H Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia, 1835-1847 (Melbourne 1935); WK Hancock, Discovering Monaro: A study of man’s impact on his environment (London 1972); Clark, A History of Australia, 2; Russel Ward, The Australian Legend (Melbourne 1958).
Assignments of Parmelia men: Memoranda Book, 1829-37, 2/2808, AONSW; and 1837 Muster, HO 10/30, AONSW.
Critics of assignment: JD Lang, Evidence before the Select Committee on Transportation, 30 May 1837, BPP, XIX; Report from the Select Committee on Transportation (House
of Commons 1838); Mudie, The Felonry of New South Wales; Hirst, Convict Society and its Enemies.
Life of convict shepherds: Ward, The Australian Legend.
Bradley and Brodribb: ADB, 3; WA Brodribb, Reminiscences of an Australian Squatter, ed. AGL Shaw (Sydney 1883).
Land Commissioners and wool sales: Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia.
Pastoral hope: John Perkins & Jack Thompson, ‘Cattle theft: primitive cattle accumulation and pastoral expansion in early New South Wales, 1800-1850’, Australian Historical Studies, III, 1998.
Ned Ryan: M Barnett, King of Galong Castle (Sydney 1978); Niamh Brennan, ‘The Ballagh Barracks Rioters’ in Reece, Exiles from Erin.
Meeting the seasonal people
Contact: Hancock, Discovering Monaro; Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia; Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Aboriginal Map of Australia,
‘The Convict and His Loubra’: Ingleton, True Patriots All.
Sir George Gipps: ADB, 2; Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia.
Protectors of Aborigines: Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia; Henry Reynolds, The Law of the Land (Melbourne 1987); The Australian Aborigines’ Protection Society, Rules and Regulations (Sydney 1838); Report of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Aboriginal Tribes (London 1837).
CHAPTER 15
The heady business of exploring
William Joy, The Other Side of the Hill: Two hundred years of Australian exploration (Sydney 1984); Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Australian Explorers (London 1959); Scott, Australian Discovery, available on Project Gutenberg Australia.
Oxley and Cunningham: ADB, 1 and 2; Joy, The Other Side of the Hill; John Oxley, Journal of Two Expeditions into the Interior of New South Wales, available on Project Gutenberg Australia.
Other explorers: Gregory Blaxland, The Journal of Gregory Blaxland; Hamilton Hume and William Hovell, Journey of Discovery to Port Phillip; Thomas Mitchell, Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia; Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia; Charles Sturt, Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia, and Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia. All available on Project Gutenberg Australia.
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